Optimizing Hemocompatibility of Surfactant-Coated Silver Nanoparticles in Human Erythrocytes
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Several recent biological science studies have been focused on nanotechnology and nanomaterials due to their potential use in biomedicine. Drug delivery systems are an example of biomedical applications utilizing nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can be used for these drug delivery systems. However, the effects of cytotoxicity caused by AgNPs are not fully understood. Determining the optimal characteristics to facilitate the biocompatibility of AgNPs is an important subject for application. In the present study, human erythrocytes were used as an in vitro model to examine the size, dose, and coating surfactant-dependent cytotoxicity of AgNPs. Our results demonstrated that polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was a more suitable surfactant than polyethylene glycol (PEG) for AgNPs capping. In addition, we determined the appropriate particular size and dosage of AgNPs to reduce human erythrocytes hemolysis. Membrane damages including hemolysis, potassium efflux, protein leakage, and alterations in cell shape and membrane fragility were minimized with 100-nm AgNP particles. This study provides novel insights into AgNPs cytotoxicity and a basis for utilizing AgNPs for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.Keywords:
Silver nanoparticle
Biocompatibility
Polyvinylpyrrolidone
Nanomaterials
Nano-silver/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) composite materials were synthesized in the silver nitrate solution containing PVP by microwave. The mechanism of catalytic reduction of sliver ion by atom N in PVP was discussed. UV-Vis and XRD results indicate the presence of nano silver with face-centered cubic structure. TEM result shows that nano silver particles with 15～25 nm size were homogeneously dispersed in the PVP matrix. XPS results suggest that there is an interaction between PVP and nano Ag.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone
Silver nitrate
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The regularities of obtaining silver nanoparticles in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone, which was both a reductant and a stabilizer of nanoparticle dispersion, have been studied. The influence of such factors as temperature, polyvinylpyrrolidone amount, concentration and nature of silver salts on the shape and size of nanoparticles has been established. The chemistry of the silver salts and polyvinylpyrrolidone reaction with the formation of vinylsuccinimide units in the structure of macromolecules has been proposed, which is confirmed by the results of IR spectroscopy. It has been established that the shape and size of silver nanoparticles are influenced by the silver salt nature. If silver nitrate is used for the reduction reaction, silver nanoparticles are formed mainly in the form of triangular prisms and polyhedra. When using silver acetate, nanoparticles of spherical shape are predominantly formed. High-quality nanoparticles are formed if the mass ratio of polyvinylpyrrolidone : silver salt is more than 20. The decrease in this ratio deteriorates the stabilization of the formed nanoparticles and increases the particle size of silver until the formation of nanocrystals several hundred nanometers in size. The kinetics of silver salts and polyvinylpyrrolidone reaction has been studied in a solution. The reaction was found to occur faster with increasing temperature and the polyvinylpyrrolidone amount. Silver reduction reaction by polyvinylpyrrolidone was used to provide fungibactericidal properties of hydroxyapatite-filled osteoplastic porous composites based on polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymers with methacrylic esters.
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Silver nanoparticle
Silver nitrate
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In vitro determination of hemolytic properties is a common and important method for preliminary evaluation of cytotoxicity of chemicals, drugs, or any blood-contacting medical device or material. The method itself is relatively straightforward, however, protocols used in the literature vary substantially. This leads to significant difficulties both in interpreting and in comparing the obtained values. Here, we examine how the different variables used under different experimental setups may affect the outcome of this assay. We find that certain key parameters affect the hemolysis measurements in a critical manner. The hemolytic effect of compounds tested here varied up to fourfold depending on the species of the blood source. The use of different types of detergents used for generating positive control samples (i.e., 100% hemolysis) produced up to 2.7-fold differences in the calculated hemolysis ratios. Furthermore, we find an expected, but substantial, increase in the number of hemolyzed erythrocytes with increasing erythrocyte concentration and with prolonged incubation time, which in turn affects the calculated hemolysis ratios. Based on our findings we propose an optimized protocol in an attempt to standardize future hemolysis studies.
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The article describes the results of the investigations of optical and luminescent properties of PbS suspensions and composite coatings stabilized by high-molecular polyvinylpyrrolidone. Experiments show strong dependence of optical properties and stability of the materials on the concentration ratio between PbS nanoparticles and polymer. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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我们在微波加热下面为一致的银 nanoparticles (NP ) 的快速的合成描述了一个方法， poly 使用(乙烯乙二醇)( 木钉) 作为减少代理人和溶剂并且 poly (vinylpyrrolidinone )(PVP ) 作为盖住代理人。传播电子显微镜学(TEM ) 和紫外力的扑灭系列被用来描绘银 NP 的尺寸和一致性。在一样的反应温度，有微波加热的产品是比那更一致的，油加热。我们也调查了 PVP 的反应温度，微波力量，和臼齿的比率的影响到 AgNO3。在我们的实验，有 50 nm 的吝啬的直径的一致的银 NP 在 140 点被综合 ????????????????? i
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Preparation and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles by Using Polyvinylpyrrolidone as Stabilizer
Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as macromolecular surfactant,ethanol as solvent and reductant,AgNO3 as precursor. The optical properties and morphology for the synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and TEM (transmission electron microscopy). The results show that PVP can act as a better stabilizer for the formation of silver nanoparticles in ethanol. The obtained silver nanoparticles can give an apparent surface plasmon aborption peaks in range 400 nm～410 nm for silver nanoparticles and the absorption strength of silver nanoparticles increases as the increase of AgNO3 concentration and reaction time. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results show that the silver nanoparticles appear spherical morphology with a narrow size distribution. Different sizes of silver nanoparticles can be obtained by changing the molar ratio between PVP and AgNO3.
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Silver nanoparticle
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Reducing agent
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