R.C. Chebel

University of Florida

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J.E.P. Santos

University of Florida

Klibs N. Galvão

University of Florida

W.W. Thatcher

University of Florida

R.C. Bicalho

Cornell University

G.M. Schuenemann

The Ohio State University

Guilherme J. M. Rosa

University of Wisconsin–Madison

Pablo Pinedo

Colorado State University

R.S. Bisinotto

University of Florida

Christopher M. Seabury

Texas A&M University

R.O. Gilbert

Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine

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University of Florida

163

University of Minnesota

University of California, Davis

University of Wisconsin–Madison

Universidade de São Paulo

Kansas State University

Southwest Florida Research

Texas A&M University

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Florida College

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Embryo and cow factors affecting pregnancy per embryo transfer for multiple-service, lactating Holstein recipients

Translational Animal Science (2019)

Eliab Estrada‐Cortés W. Ortiz R.C. Chebel Elizabeth A. Jannaman James I. Moss

The objective was to determine whether pregnancy success after embryo transfer (ET) during heat stress in multi-service Holstein cows depends upon characteristics of the embryo or recipient. Female embryos produced in vitro were cultured with either 0.0 (control) or 1.8 mM choline chloride and transferred fresh. Fresh embryos of undetermined breed and frozen Holstein embryos were used when experimental embryos were insufficient. Embryos were transferred 8 d after the last GnRH injection of an ovulation synchronization program. Embryo type [frozen vs. fresh, choline vs. control, unknown breed vs. (control + choline)] and characteristics of recipients (average of 190 d in milk at transfer) were evaluated. Pregnancy per ET was lower for cows receiving frozen embryos (7.0%; 3/43) than for cows receiving fresh embryos (26.7%; 32/120) but there were no differences between various types of fresh embryo. Pregnancy per ET was lower for cows diagnosed with metritis in the early postpartum period (7.1%; 2/28) than for cows without metritis (24.4%; 33/135). In conclusion, the use of frozen/thawed embryos produced in vitro and recipients which had metritis in the early postpartum period reduced the success of ET in multiple-service Holstein cows.

Metritis

10.1093/tas/txz009

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Citations (17)

Supplemental progesterone and timing of resynchronization on pregnancy outcomes in lactating dairy cows

Journal of Dairy Science (2013)

T.R. Bilby R.G.S. Bruno Kevin Lager R.C. Chebel J.G.N. Moraes

10.3168/jds.2013-6960

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Citations (38)

Targeted reproductive management for lactating Holstein cows: Reproductive and economic outcomes of Double-Ovsynch compared with a targeted approach based on resumption of estrus

Journal of Dairy Science (2025)

R.C. Chebel Ahmadreza Mirzaei P.M. Peixoto Luana Factor Ana B. Montevecchio

Holstein Cattle

10.3168/jds.2024-25909

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Effects of intrauterine infusion of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide on uterine mRNA gene expression and peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes in Jersey cows diagnosed with purulent vaginal discharge.

Default journal (2017)

A A Scanavez Klibs N. Galvão Michael Ballou Mulumebet Worku R.C. Chebel

Vaginal discharge

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4.3. Investigating the use of rumination sensors during the peripartum period in dairy cows

Daniela Liboreiro Karine Santos Machado M.I. Endres R.C. Chebel

The objective of the current study was to determine the accuracy of disease detection based on daily rumination time (DRT) and activity of periparturient dairy cows. All animals were fitted with rumination/activity monitors from -21 to 21 days relative to calving. Cows that were within the lowest 25th percentile of milk yield in the first 90 d postpartum had reduced DRT, but there was no association between milk yield and activity during the periparturient period. Based on criterion created using DRT, stillbirth could be diagnosed with sensitivity and specificity of 50 and 79.7%, respectively. Two criteria could be used for diagnosis of sub-clinical hypocalcemia on the day of calving; one resulted in 66.7 and 61.3% sensitivity and specificity, and the other sensitivity and specificity of 82.7 and 49.6%, respectively. Metritis could be diagnosed 72 h after calving with a sensitivity and specificity of 75 and 93.1%, respectively. Among cows that were diagnosed with retained placenta within 24 h after calving, the DRT criterion resulted in sensitivity and specificity of 70.8 and 75%, respectively. In conclusion, automated monitoring of DRT could possibly be used as a tool for diagnosis of periparturient diseases; however, the use of DRT data to select individuals for treatment without additional diagnostic exams is likely to results in erroneous treatment of periparturient cows.

Metritis

Retained placenta

10.3920/978-90-8686-815-5_4.3

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Integrating uterine microbiome and metabolome to advance the understanding of the uterine environment in dairy cows with metritis

Research Square (Research Square) (2024)

S. Casaro J.G. Prim T. D. Gonzalez Federico Cunha R.S. Bisinotto

Abstract Background Metritis is a prevalent uterine disease that affects the welfare, fertility, and survival of dairy cows. The uterine microbiome from cows that develop metritis and those that remain healthy do not differ from calving until 2 days postpartum, after which there is a dysbiosis of the uterine microbiome characterized by a shift towards opportunistic pathogens such as Fusobacteriota and Bacteroidota. Whether these opportunistic pathogens proliferate and overtake the uterine commensals could be determined by the type of substrates present in the uterus. The objective of this study was to integrate uterine microbiome and metabolome data to advance the understanding of the uterine environment in dairy cows that develop metritis. Holstein cows (n = 104) had uterine fluid collected at calving and at the day of metritis diagnosis. Cows with metritis (n = 52) were paired with cows without metritis (n = 52) based on days after calving. First, the uterine microbiome and metabolome were evaluated individually, and then integrated using network analyses. Results The uterine microbiome did not differ at calving but differed on the day of metritis diagnosis between cows with and without metritis. The uterine metabolome differed both at calving and on the day of metritis diagnosis between cows that did and did not develop metritis. Omics integration was performed between 6 significant bacteria genera and 153 significant metabolites on the day of metritis diagnosis. Integration was not performed at calving because there were no significant differences in the uterine microbiome. A total of 3 bacteria genera (i.e. Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas , and Bacteroides ) were strongly correlated with 49 metabolites on the day of metritis diagnosis. Seven of the significant metabolites at calving were among the 49 metabolites strongly correlated with opportunistic pathogenic bacteria on the day of metritis diagnosis. The main metabolites have been associated with attenuation of biofilm formation by commensal bacteria, opportunistic pathogenic bacteria overgrowth, tissue damage and inflammation, immune evasion, and immune dysregulation. Conclusions The data integration presented herein helps advance the understanding of the uterine environment in dairy cows with metritis. The identified metabolites may provide a competitive advantage to the main uterine pathogens Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas and Bacteroides , and may be promising targets for future interventions aiming to reduce opportunistic pathogenic bacteria growth in the uterus.

Metabolome

Metritis

Endometritis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-3897972/v1

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Impact of cross-validation designs on cattle behavior prediction using machine learning and deep learning models with tri-axial accelerometer data

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (2025)

Jin Wang Ziwen Yu R.C. Chebel Haipeng Yu

Assessing cattle behaviors provides insights into animal health, welfare, and productivity to support on-farm management decisions. Wearable accelerometers offer an alternative approach to traditional human evaluation, providing a more objective and efficient method for predicting cattle behavior. Random cross-validation (CV) is commonly used to evaluate behavior prediction by splitting data into training and testing sets, but it can yield inflated results when records from the same animal are included in both sets. Block CV splits data by block effects, offering a more realistic evaluation but remains underexplored for predicting multi-class imbalanced cattle behavior. Additionally, deep learning (DL) models have not been fully explored for behavior prediction compared to machine learning (ML) models. The objectives of this study were to examine the impact of CV designs on multi-class imbalanced cattle behavior prediction and to compare the performance of ML and DL models. Three ML and two DL models were used to predict the four behaviors of six beef cows from a public tri-axial accelerometer dataset, with model performance evaluated using both hold-out and leave-cow-out CV designs representing random and block CV, respectively. In hold-out CV, ML models achieved accuracies of 0.94 to 0.96 and F1 scores of 0.93 to 0.95, while DL models achieved accuracies of 0.9 to 0.92 and F1 scores of 0.89 to 0.91. In the leave-cow-out CV, ML models obtained accuracies of 0.72 to 0.82 and F1 scores of 0.64 to 0.82, whereas DL models obtained accuracies of 0.76 to 0.82 and F1 scores of 0.64 to 0.76. Generally, ML models outperformed DL models in the hold-out CV, but the multi-layer perceptron DL model demonstrated comparable or superior performance in the leave-cow-out CV. All models performed better with hold-out CV than leave-cow-out CV. Our results suggest that CV designs can affect behavior prediction performance. While a random CV produces seemingly good predictions, these results can be artificially inflated by the data partition. A block CV that strategically partitions data could be a more appropriate design.

Cross-validation

Model Validation

10.1101/2025.01.22.634181

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Association between prepartum body condition score and prepartum and postpartum dry matter intake and energy balance in multiparous Holstein cows

Journal of Dairy Science (2024)

S. Casaro J. Pérez-Báez R.S. Bisinotto R.C. Chebel J.G. Prim

The objectives of this retrospective observational study were to investigate the association between body condition score (BCS) at 21 d before calving with prepartum and postpartum dry matter intake (DMI), energy balance (EB), and milk yield. Data from 427 multigravid cows from 11 different experiments conducted at the University of Florida were used. Cows were classified according to their BCS at 21 d before calving as FAT (BCS ≥4.00; n = 83), MOD (BCS 3.25 to 3.75; n = 287), and THIN (BCS ≤3.00; n = 57). Daily DMI from −21 to −1 and from +1 to +28 DIM was individually recorded. Energy balance was calculated as the difference between net energy for lactation consumed and required. Dry matter intake in FAT cows was lesser than in MOD and THIN cows both prepartum (FAT = 9.97 ± 0.21, MOD = 11.15 ± 0.14, THIN = 11.92 ± 0.22 kg/d) and postpartum (FAT = 14.35 ± 0.49, MOD = 15.47 ± 0.38, THIN = 16.09 ± 0.47 kg/d). Dry matter intake was also lesser for MOD cows compared with THIN cows prepartum, but not postpartum. Energy balance in FAT cows was lesser than in MOD and THIN cows both prepartum (FAT = −4.16 ± 0.61, MOD = −1.20 ± 0.56, THIN = 0.88 ± 0.62 Mcal/d) and postpartum (FAT = −12.77 ± 0.50, MOD = −10.13 ± 0.29, THIN = −6.14 ± 0.51 Mcal/d). Energy balance was also lesser for MOD cows compared with THIN cows both prepartum and postpartum. There was a quadratic association between BCS at 21 d before calving and milk yield. Increasing BCS from 2.5 to 3.5 was associated with an increase in daily milk yield of 6.0 kg and 28 d cumulative milk of 147 kg. Increasing BCS from 3.5 to 4.5 was associated with a decrease in daily milk yield of 4.4 kg and 28 d cumulative milk of 116 kg. In summary, a moderated BCS at 21 d before calving was associated with intermediate DMI and EB pre- and postpartum but greater milk yield compared with thinner and fatter cows. Our findings indicate that a moderated BCS is ideal for ensuring a successful lactation.

10.3168/jds.2023-24047

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Combined effect of purulent vaginal discharge and anovulation on pregnancy status in a large multi-state population of Holstein cows

JDS Communications (2022)

Pablo Pinedo J.E.P. Santos Klibs N. Galvão G.M. Schuenemann R.C. Chebel

The objective of this observational prospective cohort study was to evaluate the combined effect of purulent vaginal discharge (PVD) and anovulation (ANOV) on the reproductive performance of a large multi-state population of Holstein cows. Data were prospectively collected from 11,729 cows in 16 herds located in 4 regions in the United States [Northeast (4 herds), Midwest (6), Southeast (1), and Southwest (5)]. Cows were enrolled at calving and monitored weekly for disease occurrence, reproductive events, and survival. Prevalence of PVD was evaluated at 28 ± 3 d in milk and defined by the presence of mucopurulent to fetid vaginal discharge. Resumption of ovarian cyclicity was determined via transrectal ultrasonography at 40 ± 3 and 54 ± 3 d postpartum. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by ultrasonography on d 32 ± 3 after artificial insemination (AI) and reconfirmed at d 60 ± 3 of gestation. Pregnancy loss (PL) was defined as a cow diagnosed pregnant at 32 ± 3 but nonpregnant at 60 ± 3 d after AI. The association of PVD and ANOV with pregnancy traits was analyzed using 4 PVD-cyclicity categories that considered the following combinations: NPVD-CYC = absence of PVD and cycling; PVD-CYC = presence of PVD and cycling; NPVD-ANOV = absence of PVD and anovular; and PVD-ANOV = presence of PVD and anovular. Multiple logistic regression and Cox proportional regression were used for the analysis of potential associations between PVD and cyclicity categories and pregnancy at first AI (PAI1), days from calving to pregnancy, and PL at first AI. The odds (95% confidence intervals) of pregnancy increased from cows in the PVD-ANOV category (reference category) to cows in NPVD-ANOV [2.09 (1.62-2.50)], PVD-CYC [2.52 (2.02-3.14)], and NPVD-CYC [3.46 (2.84-4.23)]. Similarly, days from calving to pregnancy were less for NPVD-CYC, followed by PVD-CYC, NPVD-ANOV, and PVD-ANOV (121.4, 137.2, 137.3, and 157.4 d, respectively). On the contrary, no clear association was identified between groups and PL. The results indicate that both PVD and ANOV had a negative impact on PAI1 and days from calving to pregnancy. The results indicated a variable magnitude in the negative impact on the reproductive traits analyzed when both conditions were combined.

Anovulation

10.3168/jdsc.2022-0271

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Effect of Gammulin supplementation during the first 24 d of life on health, growth, and first-lactation performance of Holstein cows

Journal of Dairy Science (2021)

R.C. Chebel G. Lopes L.G.D. Mendonça Sue Hayes

Udder

Starter

NEFA

10.3168/jds.2020-19937

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Citations (1)