R.C. Chebel

University of Florida

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J.E.P. Santos

University of Florida

Klibs N. Galvão

University of Florida

W.W. Thatcher

University of Florida

R.C. Bicalho

Cornell University

G.M. Schuenemann

The Ohio State University

Guilherme J. M. Rosa

University of Wisconsin–Madison

Pablo Pinedo

Colorado State University

R.S. Bisinotto

University of Florida

Christopher M. Seabury

Texas A&M University

R.O. Gilbert

Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine

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University of Florida

163

University of Minnesota

University of California, Davis

University of Wisconsin–Madison

Universidade de São Paulo

Kansas State University

Southwest Florida Research

Texas A&M University

University of Idaho

Florida College

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Factors affecting success of embryo collection and transfer in large dairy herds

Theriogenology (2007)

R.C. Chebel D. Demetrio J. S. Metzger

10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.09.008

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Citations (84)

Early-lactation diseases and fertility in 2 seasons of calving across US dairy herds

Journal of Dairy Science (2020)

Pablo Pinedo J.E.P. Santos R.C. Chebel Klibs N. Galvão G.M. Schuenemann

The objective of this study was to characterize incidences of health disorders during early lactation in a large population of Holstein cows calving in 2 seasons across multiple US dairy herds. In addition, cumulative effects of combinations of health-related events on fertility and survival by season of calving and parity number were tested. Data were prospectively collected from a total of 11,729 cows in 16 herds located in 2 regions in the United States [north (7,820 cows in 10 herds) and south (3,909 cows in 6 herds)]. Cows were enrolled at parturition and monitored weekly for disease occurrence, reproductive events, and survival. Health-related events were grouped into reproductive disorders (REP; dystocia, twins, retained fetal membranes, metritis, and clinical endometritis) and other disorders (OTH; subclinical ketosis, mastitis, displaced abomasum, and pneumonia). Counts of health events within 50 d postpartum were added into each of the groups and categorized as 0, 1, 2, 3, and ≥4 for REP and 0, 1, 2, and ≥3 for OTH. Multivariable logistic regression was used for testing potential associations between categories of disease occurrence and outcome variables, including resumption of ovarian cyclicity, pregnancy per artificial insemination (AI), pregnancy loss, and survival up to and after 50 DIM. The incidence of disease varied with season of calving and parity, and these 2 variables were associated with the reproductive and survival outcomes. The size of the detrimental effect of disease incidence on reproduction and survival depended on disease group and varied for each specific outcome. Resumption of ovarian cyclicity decreased as incidences of disorders increased in both REP and OTH categories. Pregnancy at first AI also was smaller in greater number of REP categories, but the effect of number of OTH categories on pregnancy at first AI was not consistent. Similarly, pregnancy loss at first AI was not affected consistently by REP or OTH. Survival was reduced by REP and OTH. The magnitude of these negative effects was variable, depending on season of calving and parity, but consistently increased with the number of health events during early lactation.

Metritis

Cumulative incidence

Milk fever

Endometritis

10.3168/jds.2019-17951

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Citations (63)

Factors affecting the success of a large embryo transfer program in Holstein cattle in a commercial herd in the southeast region of the United States

Theriogenology (2016)

Priscila Assis Ferraz C. Burnley Joseph Karanja A. Viera-Neto J.E.P. Santos

Embryo quality

Parity (physics)

Metritis

10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.05.032

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Citations (83)

Estrous detection and timed AI protocols

American Association of Bovine Practitioners Conference Proceedings (2012)

R.C. Chebel

The goal of this brief review is to evaluate whether reproductive programs for lactating dairy cows may be solely dependent on timed AI protocols or AI on detected estrus. A few examples of dairies that have attempted to eliminate one or the other will be given, but I caution that some of these examples are merely data extracted from on farm software and not the result of controlled studies.

10.21423/aabppro20123885

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Citations (0)

Effects of Supplementation of Grazing Nellore Cows with Β-Carotene and Vitamins a + D3 + E + Biotin on Follicle Diameter, Estrus, Establishment of Pregnancy, and Fetal Morphometry

Luana Factor R.C. Chebel Guilherme S Vasconcellos Victor V Valério de Carvalho Cristina Cprtinhas

The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effects of supplementation of Nellore (Bos indicus) cows with β-carotene + vitamins A + D3 + E + biotin on body condition score (BCS), estrus, pregnancy, and fetal morphometry. Lactating cows (n = 497)from two herds were balanced for BCS and calving period [early calving (EC); late calving (LC)] and were assigned randomly to: Control (n = 251) – supplementation with a mineral supplement; and, SUP (n = 246) – supplementation with the mineral supplement fed to control + β-carotene (150 mg/d) + vitamin A (40,000 IU/d) + vitamin D3 (5,000 IU/d) + vitamin E (300 mg/d) + biotin (20 mg/d). Cows were supplemented from d -30 to 30 (d 0 = timed artificial insemination; TAI). Pregnancy was diagnosed 30 d after TAI and fetal crown-rump distance and thoracic diameter were measured at 30 and 77 d of gestation. Cows in the SUP treatment were more likely to have BCS ≥ 3.0 on d 0 (74.8 ± 2.8 vs. 56.6 ± 3.1%) and were more likely to gain BCS from d 0 to 30 (57.7 ± 3.3 vs. 44.1 ± 3.3%). Fewer LC cows in the SUP treatment were detected in estrus at the time of the first TAI (64.0 ± 5.2 vs. 75.4 ± 4.4%). There was a tendency for the SUP treatment to increase pregnancy to the first TAI (64.2 ± 3.0 vs. 56.6 ± 3.1%). A greater percentage of SUP cows was detected in estrus at the time of the second TAI (70.1 ± 5.0 vs. 52.3 ± 4.8%). The SUP treatment increased pregnancy to the second TAI among LC cows (75.9 ± 8.0 vs. 50.0 ± 8.3%). The SUP treatment increased fetal size at 30 d of gestation and, despite decreasing crow-rump length at 77 d after the first TAI among EC cows, it increased the thoracic diameter at 77 d after the first TAI independent of calving season. Our results support that pregnancy establishment and fetal growth can be improved when grazing Nellore cows are supplemented with β-carotene and vitamins A + D3 + E + biotin.

Carotene

10.2139/ssrn.4399161

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Effect of lameness during early lactation on subsequent fertility and survival of Holstein cows across multiple geographic areas in the US

American Association of Bovine Practitioners Conference Proceedings (2018)

Pablo Pinedo J.E.P. Santos G.M. Schuenemann S. Rodrigez‐Zas Guilherme J. M. Rosa

Due to pain and discomfort associated with lameness, this disorder represents a significant animal-welfare challenge for the dairy industry. In addition, the high incidence of this condition results in substantial economic losses that include treatment and control costs, premature culling, decreased milk yield, and impaired reproductive performance. Although previous studies established an association between lameness and reproduction, large multi-state prospective studies using standardized definitions and procedures can provide new insights on the magnitude of the effects of lameness on fertility of dairy cows. Therefore, our objective was to test the effect of lameness at early stages of lactation on fertility and survival of a large population of Holstein cows in dairies across multiple states.

Culling

10.21423/aabppro20183202

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Effects of treatment of preweaning dairy calves with recombinant bovine somatotropin on immune responses and somatotropic axis.

Default journal (2018)

Anna Luiza Belli Ricardo Andrade Reis Anderson Veronese Rafael Junges Moreira Kelly A. Flanagan

ABSTRACT Weaning may be associated with negative energy balance and body weight loss when calves are still immunologically immature, predisposing them to infectious diseases. The aim of the present experiment was to investigate the effects of treatment of preweaning dairy calves with recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) on the somatotropic axis, selected immune parameters, and hematology of calves around weaning. Thirty-six Holstein female calves were randomly assigned to receive 1.5 to 1.8 mg of rbST (Posilac, Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN) per kilogram of body weight or to receive injections of saline (saline solution 0.9%, Valley Vet Supply, Marysville, KS) every 7 d from 21 to 63 d of life. Calves were fed milk replacer ad libitum from birth to 38 d of age (d −11), when progressive weaning started, and calves were weaned at 49 d of age (d 0). Calves were weighed at birth and weekly from 21 to 63 d of age, when wither height also was measured. Calves were vaccinated with 0.5 mg of ovalbumin on study d −28 and −7. Blood samples were collected on d −28, −25, −21, −11, 0, 3, 7, and 14. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes were isolated and challenged ex vivo with Escherichia coli to determine phagocytosis and oxidative burst capacity. Additionally, expression of cluster of differentiation (CD)62L and CD18 by granulocyte, lymphocyte, and CD14+ monocyte were determined. Blood samples were also used to determine hematological parameters and concentrations of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1, insulin, glucose, fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, haptoglobin, and anti-ovalbumin IgG. Calves treated with rbST had greater concentrations of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 from d −25 to 14 than control calves, whereas insulin, fatty acid, and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations did not differ. On d −11, glucose concentration was greater for rbST-treated calves. Treatment did not affect polymorphonuclear lymphocyte phagocytosis and oxidative burst, but intensity of expression of CD62L and CD18 by granulocytes tended to be increased by rbST treatment. Treatment did not affect the concentration of anti-ovalbumin IgG in serum. Haptoglobin concentration was reduced in rbST treated calves on d 3 and we noted a tendency for hematocrit to be lower in rbST-treated calves. Treatment did not affect body weight, wither height, and average daily gain, despite the fact that rbST-treated calves had lower daily milk replacer intake. The relatively minor improvements in immune responses resulting from rbST treatment of weaning calves may not be sufficient to reduce the incidence of infectious diseases.

Bovine somatotropin

Somatic Cell Count

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Effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin during the periparturient period on innate and adaptive immune responses, systemic inflammation, and metabolism of dairy cows

Journal of Dairy Science (2015)

P.R.B. Silva Karine Santos Machado D.N. Lobão Da Silva J.G.N. Moraes D. H. Keisler

Bovine somatotropin

Haptoglobin

10.3168/jds.2014-8959

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Citations (17)

Effects of intra‐uterine infusion with E. coli lipopolysaccharide on systemic and local inflammatory and immune response.

J.G.N. Moraes P.R.B. Silva L.G.D. Mendonça A.L.A. Scanavez JOSÉ CARLOS DA SILVA

Inflammatory response

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Citations (1)

Targeted reproductive management for lactating Holstein cows: Reducing the reliance on exogenous reproductive hormones

Journal of Dairy Science (2023)

T. D. Gonzalez Luana Factor Ahmadreza Mirzaei Ana B. Montevecchio S. Casaro

Adoption of automated monitoring devices (AMD) affords the opportunity to tailor reproductive management according to the cow's needs. We hypothesized that a targeted reproductive management (TRM) would reduce the use of reproductive hormones while increasing the percentage of cows pregnant 305 d in milk (DIM). Holstein cows from 2 herds (n = 1,930) were fitted with an AMD at 251.0 ± 0.4 d of gestation. Early-postpartum estrus characteristics (EPEC; intense estrus = heat index ≥70; 0 = minimum, 100 = maximum) of multiparous cows were evaluated at 40 (herd 1) or 41 (herd 2) DIM and EPEC of primiparous cows were evaluated at 54 (herd 1) or 55 (herd 2) DIM. Control cows received the first artificial insemination at fixed time (TAI; primiparous, herd 1 = 82 and herd 2 = 83 DIM; multiparous, herd 1 = 68 and herd 2 = 69 DIM) following the Double-Ovsynch (DOV) protocol. Cows enrolled in the TRM treatment were managed as follows: (1) cows with at least one intense estrus were inseminated upon AMD detected estrus for 42 d and, if not inseminated, were enrolled in the DOV protocol; and (2) cows without an intense estrus were enrolled in the DOV protocol at the same time as cows in the control treatment. Control cows were re-inseminated based on visual or patch aided detection of estrus, whereas TRM cows were re-inseminated as described for control cows with the aid of the AMD. Cows received a GnRH injection 27 ± 3 d after insemination and, if diagnosed as nonpregnant, completed the 5-d Cosynch protocol and received TAI 35 ± 3 d after insemination. Among cows in the TRM treatment, 55.8 and 42.9% of primiparous and multiparous cows, respectively, received the first insemination in spontaneous estrus. The interaction between treatment and parity affected pregnancy 67 d after the first AI (primiparous: control = 37.6%, TRM = 27.4%; multiparous: control = 41.0%, TRM = 44.7%). The TRM treatment increased re-insemination in estrus (control = 48.3%, TRM = 70.5%). Pregnancy 67 d after re-inseminations tended to be affected by the interaction between treatment and EPEC (no intense estrus: control = 25.3%, TRM = 32.0%; intense estrus: control = 32.9%, TRM = 32.2%). The interaction between treatment and EPEC affected pregnancy by 305 DIM (no intense estrus: control = 80.8%, TRM = 88.2%; intense estrus: control = 87.1%, TRM = 86.1%). Treatment did not affect the number of reproductive hormone treatments among cows that had not had an intense estrus (control = 10.5 ± 0.3, TRM = 9.1 ± 0.2 treatments/cow), but cows in the TRM treatment that had an intense estrus received fewer reproductive hormone treatments than cows in the control treatment (2.0 ± 0.1 vs. 9.6 ± 0.2 treatments/cow). Selecting multiparous cows for first AI in estrus based on EPEC reduced the use of reproductive hormones without impairing the likelihood of pregnancy to first AI. The use of AMD for re-insemination expedited the establishment of pregnancy among cows that did not display an intense estrus early postpartum.

10.3168/jds.2022-22666

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Citations (12)