Growth and Flowering of Orostachys japonicus A. Berger as Affected by Inflorescence Pinching Time
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Floret flowering of a monocarpic plant Orostachys japonicus should be controlled to change its harvest time. The study was done to clarify the effect of pinching time of inflorescence with many florets (Aug. 25, Sept. 8 and 22, Oct. 4) on its growth, morphological characters, and flowering. Night-break treatment of 2 hours at midnight were done since Aug. 25 when afterward samples were taken every 2 weeks to Nov. 4. Growth, morphological and flowering related characters were measured from each sample. Plant height, inflorescence length and number of leaves including bracts showed significant difference between the treatments because they were sharply increased until each pinching time. Stem diameter did nearly same. Leaf and bract, floret, shoot and total dry weights had similar response to the plant height, but stem and root dry ones did similar response to the stem diameter. Most florets were removed by the pinching treatments after formed ones were increased until each pinching time. Few florets were left after the treatment, meaning that night-break treatment after that could be skipped.Cite
Crop productivity would be determined by relative capacity of source and sink. The study was carried out to measure the effects of shading and flower bud pinching on growth and yield of Atractylodes japonica Koidz. Shading treatment after transplanting was done at 100%, 65, 45 or 25% level of natural light intensity but the pinching treatment was to remove all the inflorescences formed after June 10, July 10, August 10 or none. Growth and yield at early and late stages were periodically measured. At the early stage, shading mainly influenced fresh weight rather than morphological characters. At the late stage, however, severer shading decreased numbers of stems, leaves, roots, fraction and total fresh weight. 65% shading from July 1 to September 30 after skipped the emerging and early growth stages showed nearly same growth and morphological characters but more rhizome yield per unit area than non-shading. In flower bud pinching treatment, earlier pinching increased number of roots, fraction fresh weights per plant and rhizome yield per unit area.
Shading
Transplanting
Aerial root
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Bud
Anthesis
Plant stem
Lateral shoot
Apical dominance
Long day
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An investigation was carried out to study the response of different varieties of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) to pinching and boron under natural ventilated polyhouse during 2014-2015. Experimental results revealed that all the recorded parameters were significantly influenced by variety, pinching and boron. Variety Baltico recorded significantly highest plant height, number of shoots and internodal length, while flowering parameters like days to first flower bud initiation and days to 50 per cent flowering were significantly minimum in Penelope. Variety Penelope also recorded maximum internodes per stem, duration of flowering and flowers per plant. The maximum diameter of flower bud, flower diameter, stalk girth, stalk length, in situ longevity, vase life of flowers; minimum calyx split flowers per plot was recorded in variety Domingo. Bud length was found maximum in Baltico. Unpinched plants showed significantly maximum plant height, number of internodes and internodal length, while significantly highest number of shoots was observed in double pinched plants. Days to first flower bud initiation and days to 50 per cent flowering were significantly minimum in no pinching. Diameter of bud and flower; bud length, stalk girth, stalk length of flower, in situ longevity and vase life were significantly highest in no pinching whereas double pinching recorded minimum calyx splitting, maximum shoots and flowers per plant. Spray of 0.1 per cent boron recorded better growth, flowering and yield parameters comparatively.
Plant stem
Dianthus
Vase life
Calyx
Stalk
Bud
Floriculture
Main stem
Cut flowers
Petal
Tendril
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Shoot weight of Orostachys japonicus should determine its profitability. The study was carried out to measure the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilization level (0, 5, 10, 20kg/10a) on its growth, morphological characters, and flowering. Night-break treatment of 2 hours at midnight were done since Aug. 25 when afterward samples were taken every 4 weeks to Nov. 16. Growth, morphological and flowering related characters were measured from each sample. Plant height, inflorescence length, number of leaves including bracts and stem diameter were decreased with increased N levels. Leaf and bract, floret, shoot and total dry weights as well as withering rate showed similar response to the above morphological characters. Florets were less formed with increased N levels but were not flowered due to the night-break treatment, meaning that N fertilization had little effect on its growth and anthesis of the florets.
Anthesis
Nitrogen fertilizer
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This study was carried out to investigate the effects of pinching time (done 7, 14, and 21 days after transplanting on July 10) and node position (4-5 or 7-8 ea node were left) on growth and flowering of Gypsophila paniculata on autumn to early winter cultivation in subalpine area. The root activity and chlorophyll content on each pinching time increased with pinching time being delayed. The growth rate of plant height and leaf width was faster at 7-8th node pinching. The time of flower budding and blooming was advanced, but flower stalk length and node number decreased at 7-8th node pinching. With the time of pinching being delayed, the number of flower budding lateral shoot, the incidence rate of flower malformation and nonpaniculata inflorescence was reduced, whereas rosette rate was increased. Yield was high as pinching time was earlier at 7-8th node.
Stalk
Transplanting
Budding
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1.露地栽培株の茎頂における生殖生長への転換は10月上•中旬で, 年内に花被形成段階まで進んだ後,発育を停止した. 翌年の4月中•下旬に発育を再開し,花芽は5月中•下旬に雌ずい形成期, 7月上旬に花粉形成期に達し, 7月下旬に開花した.2.7月1日から25°Cに保った株では戸外株と同様2か月後においても花芽は未分化であったが, 150および20°Cに移すと分化が認められた.3.小花原基形成期~花被形成期に達した後雌ずい形成期までの発育, 雌ずい形成期に達した後花粉形成期までの発育, さらに花粉形成期に達した後開花までの発育は, ともに25°Cの高温で早められた. しかし,花粉形成期後の高温は開花時の花茎長および小花数を減少させた.4.促成を目的とした加温栽培のうち, 最も早く開花がみられたのは11月下旬からの加温 (最低20°C) 開始で, 自然開花期より約2か月早い5月下旬に開花した. さらに加温中, 長日 (16時間) を与えると, 9月中旬からの加温開始が最も早く, 4月中旬に開花させることができた.
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Plant flowering should be mainly affected by temperature and daylength. The study was carried out to measure the effect of temperature during winter on growth and floret flowering of Orostachys japonicus grown under 2 hour night break. Temperature was controlled above and as heating boilers were run below them to compare the natural temperature. Night-break treatment was done on August 25 and afterward samples were taken every 4 weeks to check growth, morphological and flowering related characters. Plant height, inflorescence length, number of leaves including bracts and stem diameter were increased in heating temperatures of > compared to natural temperature although similar in the two heating ones. Leaves and bracts, florets, stem, root, shoot and total dry weights showed the same response as the above morphological and flowering related characters. Florets were more formed but less flowered with higher temperatures. Anthesis rates of individual plant were 100% in natural temperature, 25% in > heating temperature but none in > heating temperature.
Anthesis
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1.Crinumの自然環境下における生育開花習性を明らかにするとともに, 開花に必要な温度条件および栽培時の温度の効果について調べた.2.1年間に仮軸分枝の繰り返しによって, 5~6の花序が形成された. 1単位の仮軸分枝は下位より1枚の薄膜状葉, 葉しょう部が茎軸を全周する1,2枚の同化葉, さらに葉しょう部が茎軸を半周する1枚の同化葉によって構成されている.3.形成を開始した花芽は順次発育して雌ずい形成期に達したが, 7月中•下旬にこの段階に達していた花芽が翌年の4,5月に花粉形成期に達し, 5,6月に開花することがわかった.4.雌ずい形成期に達した後, さらに発育して開花に至るためには低温経過を必要とする. この低温を自然低温にたよる場合, 堺市では12月上旬までの低温遭遇を必要とした.5.恒温室を用いた実験結果では20°/17°C (昼/夜温) では60日間処理においても全く開花しなかったが, 15°/12°Cでは30日, 6°C一定では45日間の処理ですべて開花することが認められた.6.必要な低温条件が満たされた後の株は10~25°Cの広い温度範囲で開花したが, 25°Cでの開花が最も早く, 36日後であった.
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Orostachys japonicus, a monocarpic plant, is artificially grown in greenhouses. The study was carried out to examine the effect of shading (0, 35, 55, 75, 95%) on growth, morphological characters, and flowering. The treatments were done on August 25 and afterward samples were taken every 2 weeks until October 20, in which growth, morphological and flowering related characters were measured. With severer shading plant height, inflorescence length, number of leaves including bracts and stem diameter were decreased although severely declined in 95% shading treatment. Leaves and bracts, stem, root, shoot and total dry weights increasingly declined with severer shading. Florets formed on the inflorescence showed similar response to the shading treatment as plant height did. Flowering of the florets was not observed throughout all the sampling period, meaning that different light intensities by shading did not affect their flowering.
Shading
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'ブルーヘブン'を供試し, 球茎に10℃で5または6週間の低温処理を行った直後に, 1∿3週間の高温(24℃)を与え, 花芽の形態的変化をSEMを利用して観察した.また, 開花時の花序を形態的な違いによって分類し, 高温の影響を考察した.高温を与えない場合は"正常花序"となり, 高温の影響が大きくなるにつれて, 水平線に対して第1小花と先端小花との基部を結ぶ線が交わってできる角(花序傾斜角)が大となる"グラジオラス咲き花序"そして"異常花序"となった.さらに高温の影響が大きい場合, 花芽はアボーションを起こし, その後再び葉や花序の分化を開始する"偽正常花序"となった.高温の影響のない"正常花序"と, 高温の影響が極めて大きい"偽正常花序"とは, 葉数と到花日数との違いで区別できた.また, 高温遭遇時の花芽の発達段階が進んでいるほど, 高温障害の発生の程度は小さかった.
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