A bio-chemical Study on Liver Disorders among Jaundice Patients from Coastal Andhra Pradesh, India
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Objective: To detect types of liver disorders through biochemical studies in coastal Andhra Pradesh, India. Methods: Serum level of bilirubin (total and direct), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured among the adult men and women from a South Indian district. Standard methodologies were adopted during selection of study participants and collection and analysis of blood samples. Results: It is observed that there is no difference in the levels of bilirubin (total and direct) and ALP in male and female patients. It is observed that there are significant differences in the levels of SGOT and SGPT. Males recorded higher levels than females. Conclusion: A considerable number of patients showed increased levels of total and direct bilirubin, SGOT, SGPY and ALP. The higher levels of SGOT and SGPT among males might be due to their alcoholic habits and among men in this community. The overall liver function abnormalities may be due to dietary habits, mal-absorption, nonalcoholic fatty liver, diabetes mellitus and contaminated drinking water.Keywords:
Transaminase
Liver function
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Bone remodeling
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Vitamin D deficiency has become the emerging threat to modern medicine. Globally, around 29-100% of children and adolescents have vitamin D deficiency.The objective of current study is to find out the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase in pediatric population of Kancheepuram District, Tamilnadu. Healthy children of both sexes between the age of 1-17 living in and around Potheri village was included. Total of 100 subjects, out of which 50 males and 50 females were recruited. 2 ml of the blood was drawn and serum levels of vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase were estimated. Prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in healthy children was 59%, insufficiency and normal levels were 36% and 5% respectively. Prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency is alarming in the Kancheepuram district and government should intervene and create awareness to address this public health problem on a priority basis.
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Medical fraternity believed that Vitamin D deficiency is rare in southern part of tropical country like India. This study is aimed to determine the serum vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase levels in healthy subjects around Potheri, kancheepuram district of Tamilnadu. Total of 81 subjects above the age of 20, out of which 50 males and 31 females were recruited for the study. Institutional ethical committee clearance was obtained. After getting informed consent from each subject, a preformed questionnaire containing the details about socioeconomic status, religion, dietary habits , sun light exposure and skin color were filled. Venous blood was drawn to test vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase levels in the serum. Among 81 subjects ,73.91% had Vitamin D deficiency. Serum Vitamin D was not significantly correlated with serum phosphorus, serum alkaline phosphatase, skin color and living condition. But there exists positive correlation between serum calcium, sun light exposure with Vitamin D levels whereas socio economic status had a negative correlation. Adequate sun light exposure, fortification of food and oral intake of 800IU-1000IU Vitamin D daily are the best options to combat the Vitamin D deficiency.
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Background: Today opium dependence is widely prevalent in certain states of India, especially Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh (MP) etc. In rural areas of western Rajasthan crude opium is consumed with a social acceptance by a notable proportion (8.0%) of adult male population. Later on they become addicted to it. Objective: to observe the changes in some liver and lung function parameters in opium addicted subjects of Barmer city of Western Rajasthan. Methods: The present study was conducted in district hospital of Barmer, Rajasthan. Total fifty (50) adult male subjects with age ranged from 30 to 50 years were participated in this study. Among them 25 were opium addicted and were considered as study group (Group B) and another 25 apparently healthy adult male of same age group were designated as control group (Group A). Opium addicts were consuming about 5–11 gm/day opium for >2 years. Then liver function tests were evaluated by estimating serum aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase and lung function tests by measuring FVC, FEV1 , FEV1/FVC% , PEF, FEF 25-75% of both the groups. Results: In this study AST, ALT and alkaline phosphatase levels were found significantly (p<.05) higher in group B as compared to those of group A. Again, FVC, FEV1, FEV1/ FVC were significantly (p<.05) lower in group B as compared to those of group A. PEF (L/sec) and FEF 25-75% were also significantly (p<0.001) lower in group B as compared to those of group A. Conclusion: it is concluded that chronic long term use of opium, increases the risk of hepatic and pulmonary damage. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v6i2.9762 JBSP 2011 6(2): 122-126
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Although bone metabolism is reportedly associated with production and maturation of blood corpuscles, and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels have been associated with bone metabolism, no published study has investigated the association between ALP and anemia. Furthermore, although ALP is known as an enzyme affected by alcohol consumption, there are no reports in the literature on associations between ALP and the risk of anemia in relation to drinking status. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 907 men aged 30-89 years undergoing a general health check-up to investigate the associations between ALP and anemia in relation to drinking status. Of the 907 participants, 120 men were diagnosed with anemia. The association between ALP and anemia was J-shaped. With the second quartile of ALP (194-228 IU/L) (Q2) as the reference group, the multivariable adjusted OR and 95%CI for anemia were 1.91 (95%CI: 0.96-3.82) for 277 IU/L (Q4). When the analysis was limited to non-drinkers, the associations became stronger with corresponding values of 3.34 (95%CI: 1.28-8.74), 3.18 (95%CI: 1.28-7.88) and 3.22 (95%CI:1.37-7.59). Not only lower but also higher levels of serum ALP are associated with anemia for men, especially non-drinkers. For analyses of associations between ALP and anemia, alcohol consumption should thus be considered a potential confounder. ACTA MEDICA NAGASAKIENSIA 58: 125−130, 2014
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Lipid abnormalities are major risk factors for premature coronary artery diseases. We investigated serum lipids and the prevalence of dyslipidemia in urban adult population in Warangal district of Andhra Pradesh. We studied 1496 individuals 20–90 years of age. Health status was determined by questionnaires and physical check-ups. Total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and total triglycerides (TGs) were measured. TC >5.7 mmol/L, LDL-C >3.6 mmol/L, TGs >1.7 mmol/L, and HDL-C <0.9 mmol/L were defined as abnormal. Mean serum TC, LDL-C, and TG concentrations were increased. 52.7% of males and 42.9% of females having at least one abnormal lipid concentration. HDL-C was abnormally low in 7% of males and in 1.6% of females. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and abnormally low HDL-C, especially the presence of slight hypertriglyceridemia, were higher in all age groups. The increase was most prominent in the middle age group (40–59 years). Hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and abnormally low HDL-C have increased considerably over the past 10 years in urban adult populations in Warangal district, Andhra Pradesh. Dietary changes and less physical activity resulting from rapid improvements in living conditions may be the causes for the increases. Enhanced preventive measures should be undertaken to modify these situations.
Dyslipidemia
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An estimated 40 million people in Bangladesh have been suffering from arsenic toxicity-related diseases because of drinking water contamination with high levels of naturally occurring arsenic. To evaluate the biochemical changes in chronic arsenic exposure, a total of 115 exposed subjects diagnosed as arsenicosis patients were examined and interviewed, and 120 unexposed volunteers were enrolled in this study. Drinking water, urine and peripheral blood samples were collected from all participants and analyzed. The average levels of arsenic in the drinking water and spot urine samples of the arsenicosis patients were 218.18g/L and 234.68g/L, respectively, and duration of exposure was 7.6 ± 5.2 yrs that ranged from 1-25 yrs. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus among chronic arsenic-exposed subjects was about 2.8 times higher than the unexposed subjects. The activities of alkaline phosphatase were significantly elevated in the patients, 197 U/L compared to 149 U/L in the controls, but alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase were mostly normal. The patients had significantly lower levels of serum creatinine, 0.97 mg/dL compared to 1.15 mg/dL in the controls; but had significantly elevated levels of total protein, 84 g/L and 77 g/L respectively. The mean level of inorganic phosphate in the serum of arsenicosis patients was 6.4 mg/dL compared to 4.6 mg/dL in the unexposed subjects and the level was significantly higher, indicating substitution of the pentavalent arsenate for the phosphate ion causing underutilization of the latter. Evaluation of the lipid profiles showed while the levels of triacylglycerol were not much different, the patients had significantly lower levels of cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol compared to the unexposed subjects. These findings suggest significant changes in biochemical parameters in human arsenic toxicity.
Arsenic poisoning
Arsenic toxicity
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Background: Vitamin D deficiency is related to substandard health. The frequency of vitamin D deficiency may be rising, however populace based patterns are uncertain.
Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the status of vitamin D level and its association with biochemical parameters like Uric Acid, LDH, ALP, SGPT, SGOT, total bilirubin, urea, creatinine, calcium, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, sugar in our healthy population.
Materials and method: The study was the analytically observational. A total of 271 healthy subjects was randomly included (male and female) that came to examine the basic medical checkup in MINAR cancer hospital. Biochemistry parameters were analyzed on Chemistry Analyzer by Merck. The enhanced chemiluminescent immunometeric technique was applied to measure vitamin D level in the subjects.
Results: Vitamin D deficiency was investigated more in females (84.8%) as compared to males (62.8%) with significant variation (p=0.000) and in age group 1-26 years as compared to other age groups with significant variation (p=0.008). The weak negative correlation of vitamin D level with uric acid (p=0.031, r=-0.156) in the whole population was observed. No significant correlation was found between vitamin D level and other biochemical parameters ALP, SGPT, SGOT, total bilirubin, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL, creatinine, urea, sugar, LDH.
Conclusion: The deficiency of vitamin D level was high in female (84.8%) in gender and 1-26 years (82%) in age groups of southern Punjab inhabitants. Significant week negative correlation of vitamin D level with uric acid was also investigated.
Lipid Profile
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Introduction: Cell phone or smart phone abuse has become a daily phenomenon, many diseases are found to be associated with cell phone overuse, it also leads to mental anxiety, mood disorder etc., Aim: To study C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Serum Uric Acid (SUA) and Serum Total Protein (STP) in cell phone addiction and depression together in the medical college campus. Materials and Methods: The present study was a case-control study in which total 150 subjects with 75 cases of depression and cell phone addiction and 75 healthy controls were involved from medical college of Uttar Pradesh, India. The diagnosis of depression and cell phone addiction was done by (Hamilton, Smart phone Addiction Scale-Short Version) scales. CRP, SUA and STP were quantified using Chem-7 Erba analyser from fasting serum samples. Data was analysed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 17.0 software. Results: Significant correlation between depression and cell phone addiction was found (p=0.023). Significant difference between cases and controls (p<0.001) was found for age, depression score, cell phone addiction score but CRP, SUA and STP were insignificant. Conclusion: Present research acknowledges many vital observations between cell phone addiction and depression with biochemical trajectories, which is novelty of this study. Youngsters are tending towards addiction and depression, which is an alarm for society and policy makers to rethink about modern gadgets advancements. It is strongly recommended to do further research in this area with more subjects and biochemical markers.
Depression
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