Study On Harmful Effects Of Opium On Liver And Lungs In Chronic Opium Addicts Of Western Rajasthan
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Background: Today opium dependence is widely prevalent in certain states of India, especially Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh (MP) etc. In rural areas of western Rajasthan crude opium is consumed with a social acceptance by a notable proportion (8.0%) of adult male population. Later on they become addicted to it. Objective: to observe the changes in some liver and lung function parameters in opium addicted subjects of Barmer city of Western Rajasthan. Methods: The present study was conducted in district hospital of Barmer, Rajasthan. Total fifty (50) adult male subjects with age ranged from 30 to 50 years were participated in this study. Among them 25 were opium addicted and were considered as study group (Group B) and another 25 apparently healthy adult male of same age group were designated as control group (Group A). Opium addicts were consuming about 5–11 gm/day opium for >2 years. Then liver function tests were evaluated by estimating serum aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase and lung function tests by measuring FVC, FEV1 , FEV1/FVC% , PEF, FEF 25-75% of both the groups. Results: In this study AST, ALT and alkaline phosphatase levels were found significantly (p<.05) higher in group B as compared to those of group A. Again, FVC, FEV1, FEV1/ FVC were significantly (p<.05) lower in group B as compared to those of group A. PEF (L/sec) and FEF 25-75% were also significantly (p<0.001) lower in group B as compared to those of group A. Conclusion: it is concluded that chronic long term use of opium, increases the risk of hepatic and pulmonary damage. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v6i2.9762 JBSP 2011 6(2): 122-126Keywords:
Liver function
Background: It seems that there may be a relation between opium addiction and bladder cancer. This study has been performed to find this relationship in Kerman province. Methods: We evaluated opium addiction in 150 patients with bladder cancer (study group) and150 tumor-free patients (control group) and compared them by two-tailed t-test and X 2 test. Results: The rate, duration, amounts and methods of opium abusing in the study group were significantly higher than control group. Conclusion: The results suggest that the carcinogenic effects of opium addiction may be related to the amount, duration and the method of opium abuse.
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Some peculiarities of clinical manifestations of cocnar addiction were studied in 172 patients of Shimkent narcologic outpatient clinic (South Kazakhstan). A comparison of cocnar addiction with one caused by administration of chemically processed raw opium was made in 302 patients. It was established that cocnar addiction is characterised by slow development, slow progression of the disease. The age of most of such patients was more than 70 years (in group which abused raw opium--less than 40). Cocnar addiction was characterised by longer duration of the disease (up to 33 years), while in case of raw opium abuse its duration was mainly till 5 years. Compared to raw opium abuse stage III of the disease was less frequent, (9.8 and 29.8% respectively). Working capacity was preserved longer in cocnar addiction, and such patients were less inclined to commit criminal actions. The attention is paid to possibility of both "rejuvenation" and increase of the progredient course of cocnar addiction in conditions of its spreading.
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A survey on opium use was earned out in Tinsukia district of upper Assam to assess the present prevalence and pattern of opium abuse and compared with earlier findings of the year 1981 (Baruah et al., 1995). A total of 75 addicts could be detected during the survey and 61 were interviewed using structured questionnaire. The results indicate significant decline in prevalence in opium use over the years in all the villages under high prevalence area. Out of 61 addicts, 51 addicts had started taking opium before 1980 and only 10 new addicts were added by 1990. The trend analysis of opium user's from 1979 to 1995 indicates a linear trend with high rate of decline in opium addicts statistical analyses, supports the hypothesis that linear declining trend is the best fit. By 1995, only four addicts were found having continued taking of opium.
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The paper traces the different history of the concept of addiction in relation to the use of opiates from its history in relation to the use of nicotine. Addiction had its origin in the 19th century, specifically through the concept of inebriety, so far as opium was concerned. For nicotine, the concept of addiction is a more recent arrival. The paper identifies a number of factors which have contributed to the different trajectories. These include different roles within popular culture and consumption; and the establishment of policy round the acceptance of addiction for drugs as early as the 1920s. Smoking, by contrast, remained on the fringes of the ‘medical model’ at that time. Different concepts were subsequently supported by different medical coalitions. There has, in the post-war period, been psychiatric ownership of drug addiction by comparison with the initial public health/epidemiologic route for smoking. The paper argues that recent events—AIDS for drug use and the concepts both of passive smoking and of addiction for smoking, are bringing the public health and addiction constituencies closer together for both substances. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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A problem of alcohol abuse in patients with opium addiction was investigated. 72 patients with were examined. An alcoholic positive family history was investigated in families of the patients as well as frequency and character of premorbid alcohol abuse, types of alcoholization in remission of opium addiction and relationship between alcohol drinking in drug addiction and psychopathologic disorders. A correlation between massive alcoholization and worsening of the somatic state of the patients was determined. It was found that opium addiction increases predisposition to alcohol abuse. Relationship between massive alcoholization and unfavorable course of opium addiction is shown.
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An intensive survey of 40 opium addicts in Laos showed that opium smoking, like narcotic usage in general, can be powerfully addicting. As is true of alcoholism in the United States, the families of the addicts appeared to have inordinately high rates of addiction. The sample showed an unusually high proportion of women addicts and addicts from rural areas, but a low rate of criminality. In addition, addiction in Laos was not regularly associated with the severe social incapacity reported among narcotic addicts elsewhere. Unlike narcotic addiction in the United States and Korea, opium addiction in Laos may be an endemic rather than epidemic phenomenon.
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The Problem Opium addiction was prevalent in the United States from the early 1800s to the early 1900s, when about 250,000 opiate-dependent persons lived in the United States [1]. After the Narcotic Act of 1914, opium addiction essentially disappeared from the United States until it reappeared among Indochinese refugees during the last decade [2]. This paper reports on the demographic characteristics and opium use patterns in a group of Asian opium addicts presenting voluntarily for assessment and treatment.
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Opium is one of the medica material that have an ancient history as a drug. This plant was studied by Persian traditional medicine and along with expression of its medical effects, its complications and non-medicinal usage that leads to addiction was also mentioned. Probably, since 10th century AH opium addiction has become one of the social problems and since the same time Persian traditional scientists have introduced different methods of its treatment. In this study, we first investigate the history of opium and its addiction in Persian traditional medicine books, such as Alhavi and Qanoon and books of scientists before and after them and then we investigate the methods of addiction treatment based on the opinions of Persian traditional scientists. Results of investigations indicate the accuracy of Persian traditional medicine findings about medical effects, side-effects and withdrawal symptoms of opium addiction treatment and their wise approach toward treatment of opium addiction that can greatly help solving this social problem.
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Abstract Opium is the dried latex obtained from the opium poppy. Opium addiction is the most prevalent addiction in Iranian society. During the last two decades "congress 60" a nongovernmental organization, has been performed a taper off treatment of opium associated with a package of psychological treatment group classes. Present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of taper off method in opium addiction in Iran, during more than 20 years as well as the effects of the treatment method on addiction associated cognitive dysfunctions. In present study the taper off treatment method of opium addiction called Dezhakam step time (DST) were assessed. We used data collected via the congress 60 non-governmental organization in Iran dedicated to addiction treatment with DST method, since Jan 2018 until December 2020. In addition, executive functions including memory and decision making were analyzed in a large sample size from addicted subjects which were successfully treated with DST method in Congress 60. Results showed high number of successful treatment of opium addiction and very low number of substance abuse relapse. Also, significant improvements in memory and decision making were determined in addicts after therapy and these improvements were correlated with duration of individuals' membership in congress 60. Findings revealed the effectiveness of taper off method in treatment of opium addiction as well as improvement in cognitive functions in opium dependent persons. Findings of the study may help to a better understanding from a novel method of opium addiction treatment called DST and its effects on neuropsychological mechanisms and brain functions of opium dependents.
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