Effect of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver Leaf Extract Concentration on Growth and Morphological Characteristics of Soybean Sprouts
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Natural products has been occasionally used in place of growth regulators to control lateral root formation and growth of soybean sprouts. The study was done to measure the effects of treatment concentration of hard rubber tree (Eucommia ulmoides Oliver) leaf extract on lateral root formation, growth and morphological characters of the sprouts. Seeds of three cultivars, Pungsannamulkong, Sowonkong and Junjery, were imbibed for 5 hours into water, its 5 and 10% solutions immediately before 6 day culture. The cultured sprouts were classified into 4 categories to calculate their composition rates on the base of hypocotyl lengths; >7 cm (A),4 to 7 cm (B),Keywords:
Eucommia ulmoides
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Foliar spray of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., leaves with aqueous extract from Cassia alata L. induced morphogenetic variations. The number of leaflets per leaf on the cowpea were either increased from the usual 3 leaflets to 4 or 5 or decreased to 1 or 2. Other morphological deformations to cowpea leaves induced by the Cassia alata extract included reduced leaf size, shriveled leaves, and various forms of folding and thickening of leaves.
Aqueous extract
Leaflet (botany)
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Soybean sprouts presoaked to leaf extracts were on sale as taking a growing concern about wellbeing foods. The study was carried out to compare the effects of culture period after presoaking tea (Thea sinensis L.) and hard rubber tree (Eucommia ulmoides Oliver) leaf extracts on lateral root formation, growth and morphological characters of the sprouts. Seeds of three cultivars, Pungsannamulkong, Sowonkong and Junjery, were imbibed for 5 hours into 10% solutions immediately before 5, 6 and 7 day cultures. The cultured sprouts were classified into 4 categories to calculate their composition rates on the base of hypocotyllengths; >7 cm (A),4 to 7 cm (B),
Eucommia ulmoides
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To reveal the seasonal variation rule of several major active components contents in leaves of Eucommia ulmoides,the contents of three major leaf active components in Eucommia ulmoides leaves of different growth periods were detected by RP-HPLC.The results show that relatively evident seasonal variation was observed in the three major components.The average contents of geniposidic acid and chlorogenic acid were detected highest in leaves batch of June 5th,while content of geniposide were detected highest in leaves batch of may 5th.Under comprehensively considered the contents of three active constituents and the yield of leaf,when the GPA,CA,GP were the main using objects,the suitable harvesting period was range from June 20th to July 20th.
Eucommia ulmoides
Chlorogenic Acid
Harvest time
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Eucommia ulmoides
Sprouting
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Eucommia ulmoides
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Objective:To observe the variety trend of eucommoil in Eucommia ulmoides leaves for determining the optimal harvest time of E.ulmoides leaves.Methods:The amounts of eucommoil in E.ulmoides leaves collected at different time were measured by HPLC.Results:Significant differences of eucommoil were observed among the different collecting time of E.ulmoides leaves.Conclusion:The eucommoil in E.ulmoides leaves is highest in mid-September(1.450%) and lowest in May(0.173%).The optimal harvest time is about mid-September.
Eucommia ulmoides
Harvest time
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Taking roots of banana,potatoes,apples,tomato,coconut for 100 g/L as material,the effect of five kinds of fruit and vegetable extracts on the root-inducing of seedlings differentiated from Dendrobium officinale stem were studied.The results showed that five kinds of extracts of sheet iron Dendrobium protocorm differentiated seedlings had promote root growth effect,among which 100 g/L banana extracts had the best root-inducing effect,with root time 30 d,the average number of root article 8.7,average root length of 6.4 cm;followed by potato and apple extracts.Root-inducing effect of tomatoes and coconut extracts was relatively poor.
Dendrobium
Fibrous root system
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Currently,the gutta-percha rubber contents of leaves,bark and samara of 15-year old Eucommia ulmoides tree were quantified,and the gene expression levels of EuDXR1,EuDXR2,EuDXS1,EuDXS2,EuHMGR,EuIPPS,EuFPS,and EuGGPPS of the corresponding tissues were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR(qPCR) in isoprene metabolic pathway. The results showed that the accumulation of gum gradually increased with the growth of leaves,bark and samara. From June to September,the gum contents of the leaves and bark in pistillate /staminate trees,and the samara in pistillate accumulated quickly. The gum contents of pistillate and staminate leaves were 2. 31% and 1. 96%,respectively,and that in barks were9. 83% and 9. 02%,respectively. The gum content of samara was 12. 6%. Then,the net accumulation of gum decreased,and the contents of pistillate and staminate got their ceilings in November. The gum content of pistillate and staminate leaves were 2. 64% and 2. 41%,respectively,and that in barks were 12. 6% and 12.04%,respectively. The gum content of samara reached its peak(14. 1%) in October. The expression levels of eight genes increased with the growth of leaves,bark and samara,particularly,the expressions of EuIPPS,EuFPS,and EuGGPPS were highly significantly correlated to the gum contents,which justified that gum accumulation were closely related to the synthase gene expression of precursor,as well as precursor content in Eucommia organs.
Eucommia ulmoides
Samara
Gymnosperm
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The experiment was conducted at the National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt during two successive seasons (2010-2011), to determine the effect of two spices extracts (Rosmarinus officinalis and Thymus capitatus) in different quantities (1% or 2%) for 3 and 6 days on germination percentage, morphological features (Plant height, plant thickness, number of leaves, leafe area, root length, fresh and dry weights of stem, leaves, roots),pigment content and enzymatic activity on Jatropha curcas L. The obtained data showed that the pre-emergence treatment of seeds with Thymus extract at 2% for 3 days resulted in the highest germination percentage as well as the highest amount of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and Esterase activities. The treatment with Rosmarinus extract at 1% for six days resulted in best results for plant height, number of leaves, plant thickness, stem, leaves fresh and dry weights as well as pigments content (Chl.a,b and carotenoids). Increasing the Romarinus extract to 2% for 3 or 6 days led to highest fresh and dry weights of roots. Thyme extract at 2% for three days caused the highest value of leaf area. The bad effect of these spices which cause a significant reduction in germination percentage, some morphological features and enzymatic activity may be due to poisonous effect of aromatic compounds that are found in these plants.
Rosmarinus
Jatropha curcas
Stem-and-leaf display
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