Effects of Aeration Period and Temperature after Imbibition on Growth of Mungbean Sprouts
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Lateral roots formed on mungbean sprouts should lower their quality. The study was carried out to clarify the effects of aeration periods (AP; 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours) and temperature (AT; 20, 30, and ) after 5 hour seed imbibition into 50 ppm benzyladenopurine (BA) solution on growth and morphological characters of mungbean (cv. Keumseongnogdu, Owoolnogdu and Zhong Lu 1) sprouts. On the 6th day, the mungbean sprouts were sorted by 4 categories on the base of hypocotyl lengths; > 7cm, 4 to 7cm,Keywords:
Imbibition
Sprouting
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Naher N, Alam AKMM (2010) Germination, growth and nodulation of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) as affected by sodium chloride. Int. J. Crop Prod. 5(2), 8-11. Sustain. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of salinity on germination, growth and nodulation of Mungbean. Seed germination, shoot and root growth and nodulation of three Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) varieties (BARI Mung 4, BARI Mung 5 and BARI Mung 6) were tested at four salinity levels e.g. 0, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4% of NaCl concentrations. Salinity affects imbibition, germination and root elongation. Highest germination % was observed in control treatment of all the varieties. Root growth was significantly reduced with higher NaCl concentrations, and BARI Mung 4 showed better performances than other varieties. All the varieties showed similar performances at higher NaCl concentration considering yield contributing character. Among the varieties BARI Mung 5 did not showed any nodulation at higher (0.4% of NaCl conc.). Nodule/plant was decreased with the increase of salinity but nodule size increased with the increase of salinity.
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Soybean sprout decay during its culture should be one of serious problems. The study was carried out to clarify the effect of water imbibition and acetic acid treatments on growth and morphological characters of the soybean sprouts. The soybean seeds of 3 cultivars (cv. Eunhakong, Pungsannamulkong and Junjery) imbibed in pure water or 0.l% acetic acid for 3 minutes before soaked for 6 hours into 1 ppm BA solution and aerated for 3 hours immediately before 6 day culture. On the 6th day, the sprouts were classified into 4 categories on the base of hypocotyl length; > 7cm, 4 to 7cm, > 4cm and not germinated and seed floating rate, their morphological characters, fresh fraction weights and productivity were measured. The best water imbibition for seed cleaning was to soak the seeds for 5 minutes and then to aerate soak them for 40 minutes. In Pungsannamulkong and Junjery, percentage of the sprouts with hypocotyls of longer than 4 cm was higher in water imbibition than in acetic acid treatment for seed disinfection although in Eunhakong there was no significant difference between the two treatments. Eunhakong and Junjery had greater lateral root formation rate and its number per sprout in water imbibition than in acetic acid treatment but Pungsannamulkong showed reverse result. Eunhakong and Pungsannamulkong, furthermore, had more total fresh weight in acetic acid treatment than in water imbibition but Junjery showed reverse result, although there was no significant difference between the two treatments in productivity of mass production system.
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Effects of soaking seed time,cultivation temperature,seedling density and harvest time on the growth,yield and quality of pea and radish sprouts was investigated.Critical measures were proposed for pea and radish sprouts production with studying the germination ratio,seedling length,yield,vitamin C and cellulose content.The highest economic product and quality obtained when pea seeds were soaked for 24 hours,sowed at density of 2.4 kg/m2,grown at 20-25 ℃ and harvested after growing for 8 days.It works as well when radish seeds were soaked for 6 hours,sowed at density of 0.5 kg/m2,cultured at 20-25 ℃ and harvested after growing for 7 days.
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The paper presents the results of studies on morphological characters, seed germination and the influence of different concentrations of plant growth substances on Phaseolus mungo including the comparative growth patterns of the seedlings. Seeds were pre-soaked for 24h under the various concentrations (0.1, 1.0 and 10 ppm) of GA 3, IBA and NAA. Soaked seeds were arranged in sterilized petriplates lined with filter paper for germination at thermostatica lly controlled seed germinator. A control set was soaked only in distilled water. Observations were taken in 16 hrs light and 8 hrs dark at 25±2°C conditions. The mean value of germination percentage, growth of root, shoot and cotyledonary expansion and biomass of seedlings were computed. The highest percentage of germination was recorded when seeds were treated with 0.1ppm concentration of IBA while 1ppm concentration of IBA resulted in highest root length. The fresh and dry weight of shoots increased with GA3 treatment. GA3 10 ppm showed highest shoot length and cotyledonary expansion and highest biomass production in the form of root dry weight. GA3 0.1ppm gained maximum shoot-root ratio. After seed germination, all the developmental processes decreased with increasing dose of hormonal concentrations. Invariably all the growth regulators stimulated high percentage of seed germination compared to the control which has shown only highest shoot dry weight. Present findings deal with comparative use of plant growth substances for the improvement of germination potential of Phaseolus mungo under the controlled laboratory conditions. (Journal of American Science 2009;5(7):34-41). (ISSN: 1545-1003).
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Seed germination and seedling growth of mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) were studied at different levels of water stress induced by PEG-6000. Both germination and seedling growth (root and shoot length) declined with increasing water stress. Increase in fresh weight was also prevented by water stress. When a short term (24 hours) water stress was imposed at different days during incubation, both root and shoot growth were relatively less affected in case of seedlings exposed to PEG solution (-1.0 MPa) on 2nd and 5th day after the start of imbibition. Exposure of seeds to changing water potential at the beginning of incubation, when imbibition did not start (as evident from water uptake kinetics during early imbibition phase), affected germination during subsequent days of incubation. When the water stress was imposed on germinated seeds after radicle emergence in distilled water, root growth was not much affected up to -1.0 MPa.
Imbibition
Radicle
Radiata
Distilled water
Water Stress
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In order to shorten the sprouts production time,improve the quality of the sprouts,the germination conditions and material contents of the black bean sprouts which were soaked respectively with Al(NO3)3·9H2O,MgCl2·6H2O,GA3 and MnSO4·H2O were studied.The results showed that the germination rate,germination index and vigor index were the highest when Al3+ 11 mg·L-1,Mg2+ 0.8 mg·L-1,GA3 20 mg·L-1 and Mn2+ 10 mg·L-1.
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Malaysian consumers prefer black gram sprouts with short hypocotyl and root length and thick hypocotyl. Such sprouts are produced using unknown chemicals which could be hazardous to human health as they are eaten about 5 days after seed germination. A study was conducted to determine if seeding density and watering duration could affect sprouting atmosphere and regulate sprout growth characteristics when grown in a sprout-chamber. Seeds were presoaked in 150 mg/L Ca for 12 h before being put into pots at 50, 75, 100 and 125 g seeds/L pot. Then pots were placed into a chamber and watered at 10, 15 and 20 min every 3 h to enable seeds to sprout for 4 days. Sprouts produced using 50 g seeds/L at 10 min watering were long and etiolated with long roots. Hypocotyl length and root length of sprouts decreased as seeding densities and watering duration increased. There was a positive correlation between hypocotyl length and root length. Sprouts of 75 and 125 g seeds/L at 15 min watering had optimum hypocotyl diameter. CO 2 production of sprouts from 50 g seeds/L showed an increase during 12 to 36 h of sprouting, followed by a decrease. Sprouts produced at 75, 100 and 125 g seeds/L showed linear decreases in CO 2 production during sprouting. Seeding density of 50 g seeds/L produced sprouts with a rapid increase in C 2 H 4 production from 12 to 60 h of sprouting followed by a decrease. Sprouts produced at 75, 100 and 125 g seeds/L showed gradual increases of C 2 H 4 production from 12 to 48 h of sprouting. Thus, manipulating seeding densities and watering duration during sprouting in a chamber created a modified atmosphere that could be used to regulate sprout growth.
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Aluminium toxicity is a major deterrent for plant growth in acid soils below pH 5.0. This study deals with effect of aluminium toxicity on growth of mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) seedlings. Seed germination (in %) declined with increased content of Al2(SO4)3, while promotive effect was observed at very low dosage. Different concentrations of aluminum sulphate salt were applied to mungbean seeds. Measurement of aluminium content in mungbean leaves was done through atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Root length (root and hypocotyl length) and shoot length (shoot and epicotyl length) was measured at seven days old seedling stage. Different concentrations of Al2(SO4)3 were found to have significant effect both on shoot and root length. Leaf area, fresh and dry weight was significantly reduced. Increased stomatal frequency and trichome density with an increase in concentrations of Al2(S04)3 was observed through scanning electron microscope.
Epicotyl
Radiata
Dry weight
Trichome
Phytotoxicity
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The effects of different scalding condition on growth of mungbean sprout were studied.The water absorption,germination rate and mass ratio of sprouts to mungbean were analyzed.The results showed that scalding condition improved the yield and quality of mungbean sprout and reduced roots-rotted phenomenon.However,the seed won't germinate normally under the long time of high temperature scalding condition.The best scald seed time is 20~30 minute and the best temperature is 55 ℃,mungbean sprout germination rate is 100%,hypocotyl is 3.39 cm long,mass ratio of sprouts to mungbean is more than 4.81,and mungbean sprouts grow best.
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In bean sprout culture water imbibition and benzyladenopurine (BA) treatment are done at the same time. The study was carried out to check the effect of treatment period (3, 5, and 7 hours) on growth of mungbean (cv. Keumseongnogdu, Owoolnogdu, and Zhong Lu 1) sprouts and to analyse its absorption amount on the base of their moisture content. The 3 cultivar seeds were soaked in 50 ppm BA solution immediately before 3 hour aeration and then cultured for 6 days. The sprouts were sorted by 4 categories on the base of hypocotyl length; > 7cm, 4 to 7cm
Imbibition
Sprouting
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