GERMINATION, GROWTH AND NODULATION OF MUNGBEAN (Vigna radiata L.) AS AFFECTED BY SODIUM CHLORIDE
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Naher N, Alam AKMM (2010) Germination, growth and nodulation of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) as affected by sodium chloride. Int. J. Crop Prod. 5(2), 8-11. Sustain. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of salinity on germination, growth and nodulation of Mungbean. Seed germination, shoot and root growth and nodulation of three Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) varieties (BARI Mung 4, BARI Mung 5 and BARI Mung 6) were tested at four salinity levels e.g. 0, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4% of NaCl concentrations. Salinity affects imbibition, germination and root elongation. Highest germination % was observed in control treatment of all the varieties. Root growth was significantly reduced with higher NaCl concentrations, and BARI Mung 4 showed better performances than other varieties. All the varieties showed similar performances at higher NaCl concentration considering yield contributing character. Among the varieties BARI Mung 5 did not showed any nodulation at higher (0.4% of NaCl conc.). Nodule/plant was decreased with the increase of salinity but nodule size increased with the increase of salinity.Keywords:
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Pot experiments were conducted to study the effect of Boron and Zinc on growth and nodulation of Vigna radiate L. Wilczek var. Pusa Vishal under salinity.Sterilized seeds of Vigna radiata L.Wilczek (var.Pusa Vishal)were germinated and grown under different levels of salt (10 mM – 200 mM NaCl),B( ) and Zn( ) under controlled conditions.NaCl treatment induced drastic reduction in growth of plant in terms of decreasing number of flowers, pods, seeds per pod, weight of seed per pod and nodules per plant. But, pre-treatment of seeds with optimum concentration of Boron and Zinc caused in the deleterious effects of salinity in all parameters of this study.
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Pusa
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The effects of salt stress on the seed germination of four cowpea( Vigna unguiculata) varieties( Xiamei 1,Suifeng 5,Suifeng 8 and Suifeng 9) were investigated. Seeds were treated in different concentration of NaCl,and the germination percentage,germination index and salt injury index of the four varieties were compared. The results showed that: Compared with the control,under the condition of NaCl salt stress,different seed varieties had different salt stress reaction. Low concentrations salt stress( ≤25 mmol / L) affected weakly to the relative germination rate of all varieties of cowpea seeds but has stronger impact on relative seed germination index. The relative salt injury rate increased with the increasing of salt concentration. Seed germination and seedling growth of the four varieties was strongly inhibited by 50 mmol / L of salt stress. Comprehensive evaluation of the four varieties indicated that Suifeng 9 had better salt tolerance than other three varieties, Suifeng 5 and Suifeng 8 were inferior,and Xiamei 1 was the most susceptible variety.
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The present study was carried out in the botanical garden / department of biology /college of science in ALmustansiriyah University, Baghdad. During winter 2017 under natural environmental conditions in plastic house. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of the N- Yttrium oxide application to reduce salt stress in 1 and 2 gm/ Lof NaCl on seed germination and seedling growth of mung been. The results reveal that N- Y2o3 gave the highest results in seed germinations and seedling growth trait (seedling lengths, shoot length, number of leaves, number of secondary roots and dry weight of seedling) of mung bean than gibberellin and aqueous extract of Liquors roots under 1 and 2 gm / L NaCl and has no significant different with control treatment.
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Salinity is one of the environmental factors that has a critical influence on the germination of seeds and plant establishment. Salinity affects imbibition, germination and root elongation. However, the way in which NaCl exerts its influence on these vital processes, whether it is through an osmotic effect or a specific ion toxicity, is still not resolved. The objective of this study was to compare the salinity tolerance of two varieties of red clover (Select 2 and Rotrif) and two varietis of alfalfa (Mihaela and Mădălina). In our study we used five salinity treatments 0 (control) (C1), 50 (C1), 100 (C2), 150 (C3) and 300mM NaCl (C4) on normal seeds and seeds inoculated with rhizobia. 100 seeds of each variety used in the study were grown in germinating dishes on filter papers with four replications. The results showed that by increasing of the salinity level, germinated seeds number, root, shoot and seedling length, mean daily germination (MDG) and seedling length vigor index (SLVI) decreased, while daily germination speed (DGS) increased in all studied varieties. Mean germination time increased with increasing NaCl level. As the salt concentration increased, germination percentage decreased in all varieties, moreover, seeds could not germinate in 300 mM NaCl, but the seeds who were bacterized germinated in a very small percentage, and the germs were abnormal.
Medicago sativa
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Imbibition
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When mung beans are cultivated in alkaline soil,mung beans are seriously injuried in seed germination and seedling stage.In this experiment salt resistance of two breeds of mung beans were compared and analysed.The results showed:relative germination,plant height of seedling,dry weight of leaves and relative water content of tissue against salt concentration were significantly linear and negative relation respectively under salt stress,but relations of percolation of seedling's leaves,free proline content and accumualtion of proline with salt concentration were significantly linear and positive respectively.Differences of their resistance were significant under different Na 2CO 3 stress.According to indexes such as relative germination,plant height of seedling and so on.Capacity of salt resistance of two breeds of mung bean was assessed as follows:Ying ge luDa ming lu.The Experiment also showed:regressive slopes of seed's germination and growth of various breeds of mung bean in seedling stage,under different salt concentration stress were a reliable index that can evaluate germination of seeds and salt resistan
Mung bean
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Salinity is a major constraint in crop production in saline prone areas of Bangladesh. Therefore, a study was carried out in order to investigate the effect of different levels of NaCl salinity stress on seed germination and seedling growth of tomato. This study was consisted with five varieties of tomato (BARI Tomato-2, BARI Tomato-3, BARI Tomato-4, BARI Tomato-14, and BARI Tomato-15) and four levels of NaCl salt solution (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM). Seeds were placed in petridish for germination and the seedlings were allowed to grow for ten days. Results showed that percent seed germination decreased with increasing salt concentration in the germinating media. The highest seed germination (68.25%) was recorded in untreated control (0 mM) condition and the lowest in 150 mM salt solution ((5.92%). In combination of variety and salt concentration, BARI Tomato-2 gave the highest germination (88.33%) under 0 mM salinity condition and the lowest (2.92%) in BARI Tomato-3 with 150 mM salt solution. However, percent germination, germination coefficient, radicle and plumule length, seedling vigor index, fresh weight of plumule and radicle, mean germination time, germination index decreased with increasing salt concentration as compared to untreated control condition. The findings indicated that BARI Tomato- 2, BARI Tomato-4 and BARI Tomato-15 were relatively tolerant to salt stress than BARI Tomato-3 and BARI Tomato-14. J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(4): 490–499, 2019
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The species of Malaysian Brassica (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Var. Ensabi) with its pungent and slightly bitter aromatic taste has been planted by Malays and natives in the Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak. Salinity affects imbibition, germination and root elongation. To study on effect of NaCl stress on germination and early seedling growth on B. juncea (L.) Czern. Var. Ensabi an experiment was conducted in the laboratories of Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Malaysia. Results indicated that Salinity significantly affected the final germination rate and percent germination and by increasing salinity, significant decrease was observed in percentage of germination and germination rate. As the salinity level increased from 0 to10 M NaCl, more than 80% redaction was observed in seed germination compared to control and it was completely inhibited in higher salinities. Acording to results, 20°C was the optimal temperature for germination of Ensabi seeds in salinity situation and any increase or decrease in temperature inhibited germination. Results also showed length of radicle and radicle dry matter significantly was decreased when salinity was increased. Results showed in NaCl concentration at 8 MPa root growth stopped after seed germination and completely inhibited at 10 and 12 MPa.
Radicle
Imbibition
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In order to study performance of mungbean to salinity stress, a laboratory experiment was carried out to investigate salinity tolerance of two mungbean varieties (Kawmy-1 and IV 2010) to eight salinity levels i.e. 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 dS/m of NaCl concen- trations. Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) varieties were compared for germination efficiency and seedling characters. Results indi- cated that mungbean IV 2010 variety recorded the highest percentages of final germination, germination index %, seedling vigor index, energy of germination, mean germination time (day), coefficient velocity, abnormal seed percentage, root and shoot length, root fresh and dry weight and seedling height reduction. Whilst, mungbean Kawmy-1 variety recorded the highest weight of fresh and dry shoot and relative dry weight. Highest germination parameters and seedling characters of the two studied varieties under control treatment. The obtained results suggested that the two varieties registered a decrease in the percentage of germination and seedlings growth at higher NaCl concentrations. Results clearly indicated that mungbean Kawme-1 variety appeared to be more tolerant to salt stress than IV 2010 variety recording higher germination parameters and seedling characters. Increasing salinity concentrations significantly reduced germi- nation percentage, seedling vigor index, coefficient of velocity, mean germination time, shoot and root length, shoot and root fresh and dry weight. It could be concluded that germination efficiency i.e. final germination percentage, germination index, energy of germination, mean germination time, abnormal seed percentage, root and shoot length, seedling total fresh and dry weight, dry weight reduction and shoot length reduction were gradually decreased significantly when salinity increased.
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Radiata
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Salt tolerance of 8 tomato varieties at germination stage was compared in order to select salt tolerant varieties for tomato breeding and cultivation.The results showed that the inhibitory effect on all varieties was relatively small as the concentration of NaCl at 20~40 mmol/L.The inhibitive effect on seed germination grew with the increasing of NaCl concertration,when the concentration of NaCl was up at 80 mmol/L,the germination percentage,germination energy,germination index,radicle length,hypocotyl length of all varieties were significantly decreased.The salt tolerance of F1 was best,F2,F3 and F5 were the followings,and F6 was the most sensitive to salt among the tested 8 tomato varieties.
Radicle
Salt solution
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A laboratory experiment was conducted at Ambo University, College of Agriculture, to evaluate the effect of different salt concentrations on germination of two chickpea cultivars viz; (Worku and Shasho), which were obtained from Debrezeite Research Center. Sodium chloride was used as a source of graded levels of salinity. The salinity levels imposed were - control (deionized water), 50mM, 100mM, 150mM and 200mM, tested factorials in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. The study showed that germination rate and germination percentage significantly decreased with increase in salt concentration. The genotype Shasho showed better performance in terms of germination percentage, while Worku proved better in germination rate. A reduction in dry weight and lengths of radical and plumule was observed with increasing salt concentration. Growth inhibition rate also increased as the concentration of NaCl increased, where as the seedling vigour declined with increase in NaCl concentrations, in both the cultivars. Both the genotypes showed salt tolerance during germination at low salinity level of 50mM. Shosho genotype was found tolerant to high salinity level at germination stage than Worku genotype, indicating differential response of chickpea genotypes.
Completely randomized design
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