Dried Plum Consumption and Bone Mineral Density Retention in Postmenopausal Women: a Follow‐up Study
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Osteoporosis is a chronic condition characterized by low bone density and an increased risk of fracture. Although it affects both women and men, there is a much greater incidence in postmenopausal women. Certain lifestyle and nutritional factors are known to reduce the risk of osteoporosis and thereby the risk of fracture. In terms of nutrition, dried plum has been shown to be one of the most efficacious interventions in preventing and even reversing bone loss in postmenopausal women. In 2010, we finished a study in which we examined the effect of consuming 100 g dried plum versus a comparative control fruit (75 g dried apples) daily for one year in 160 postmenopausal women with osteopenia. Our published data indicated that women consuming dried plum had significantly higher bone mineral density (BMD) of the ulna and spine in comparison with those consuming dried apple. The purpose of the present study was to conduct a follow‐up evaluation on the extent to which individuals who received the dried plum intervention were able to retain BMD compared with those who received the dried apple intervention. A total of 20 participants were available for this follow‐up evaluation. BMD of the lumbar spine, forearm, hip, and whole body were assessed using DXA. Results showed that those who were in the dried plum group had significantly higher values of BMD of spine ( P =0.012; %6) and ulna ( P =0.002; %23) compared with those in the dried apple group. Importantly, participants in either group did not regularly consume dried plums as noted in their diet history. Our findings suggest that women in the dried plum group retained their BMD to a greater extent than those in the dried apple group, even after a 5‐year period in the absence of regular dried plum consumption. Our observations suggest a long‐lasting bone‐protective effect of dried plum; however, other dietary, lifestyle, and pharmaceutical factors need to be evaluated. Support or Funding Information California Dried Plum BoardKeywords:
Osteopenia
Osteoporosis is a public health problem worldwide, affecting more than 200 million people. It is estimated that 30 to 50% of postmenopausal women suffer from it. According to the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF), osteoporosis is a disease characterized by a decrease in the density and quality of bones. The objective of this work was to know the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in healthy active workers.Retrospective, observational study with active male and female workers in whom bone mineral density was evaluated by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the hip and spine. The evaluation time was from June 2009 to June 2010.A total of 1,431 patients were recruited: 258 (18%) men and 1,173 (82%) women. According to the international parameters, the diagnoses of the central densitometries were, overall: 572 normal subjects (40%), 601 (42%) with osteopenia and 258 (18%) with osteoporosis.The results show that degenerative alterations in patients with osteoporosis or osteopenia are frequent, even among young people.La osteoporosis constituye un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial; afecta a más de 200 millones de personas. Se calcula que de 30 a 50% de las mujeres postmenopáusicas la padecen. De acuerdo con la International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF), la osteoporosis es una enfermedad que se distingue por la disminución de la densidad y calidad de los huesos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer la prevalencia de osteoporosis y osteopenia en trabajadores activos sanos.Estudio retrospectivo observacional con trabajadores activos de sexo masculino y femenino en quienes se evaluó la densidad mineral ósea por absorciometría dual de rayos X (DXA) central de cadera y columna. El tiempo de evaluación fue de Junio de 2009 a Junio de 2010.Se reclutaron 1,431 pacientes: 258 (18%) hombres y 1,173 (82%) mujeres. De acuerdo con los parámetros internacionales, los diagnósticos de las densitometrías centrales fueron, de manera global: normales, 572 sujetos (40%); con osteopenia, 601 (42%); con osteoporosis, 258 (18%).Los resultados demuestran que las alteraciones degenerativas en pacientes con osteoporosis u osteopenia son frecuentes, incluso entre personas jóvenes.
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Background and Objective: An early detection of osteoporosis through DEXA procedure will not only improve the disease management practices but also would help in impeding national productivity losses by mass screening and awareness. Our objective was to measure efficacy of DEXA procedure in early detection of osteoporosis and prevention of its complications.Methods: This case series observational study was designed to confirm the bone mineral density by dual energy x-ray absorptiometery (DEXA). The duration of study was three years from November 2010 to October 2013. Subjects aged between 30 (when the risk of osteoporosis is low) to 60 (when osteoporosis is almost sure to be found).Results: Three hundred thirty patients were evaluated. There were 23 (6.96%) male and 307 (93.03%) female. Normal male were 09 (39.10%), osteopenia 11 (47.80%) and osteoporosis 3 (13%). Normal females were 72 (23.50%), osteopenia 140 (45.60%) and osteoporosis 95 (30.90%). P-value was more then 0.005 and not significant. Mean age was 48.73, minimum 30, maximum 60 and SD 7.247. Population category distribution was 243(76.6%) from urban and 87(26.4%) rural. In urban areas normal were 56(23%), osteopenia 113(46.50%) and osteoporosis 74(30.50%). In rural areas normal 25(28.70%), osteopenia 38(43.70%) and osteoporosis 24(27.60%). P-value was 0.567. Out of 330 there were 81(24.54%) normal, 98 ((29.69%) osteoporosis and 151 (45.75%) osteopenia.Conclusion: Osteopenia was the most common diagnosis mostly in younger age group and early diagnosis of this problem can help prevent osteoporosis.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12669/pjms.306.5566How to cite this:Makhdoom A, Rahopoto MQ, Siddiqui KA, Qureshi GA. Detection of osteoporosis by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Pak J Med Sci 2014;30(6):1265-1269. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12669/pjms.306.5566This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Patients are often referred to osteoporosis clinics with a radiological diagnosis of osteoporosis. Previous studies attempting to ascertain risk of osteoporosis from radiographs have been conflicting. The aim of our study was to determine how reliable spinal radiographs were at detecting low bone density compared with Dual Energy X ray Absorptiometry (DXA). We retrospectively measured the Bone Mineral Density (BMD) at the spine in 130 patients with a radiological diagnosis of osteopenia or osteoporosis in the absence of vertebral fractures. They were compared with a group of 119 age and sex matched patients with one or more low trauma vertebral fractures. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean BMD between these two groups. 12.7%, of the x-ray group with osteopenia reported, had a normal bone density, 49.2% had osteopenia (T-score -1 to -2.5) and 38.1% had osteoporosis (T-score <-2.5). Of those with a radiological report of osteoporosis, 12.8% had a normal bone density, 44.7% had osteopenia and 42.6% had osteoporosis. We conclude that a radiological report of low bone density is a strong predictor of osteopenia or osteoporosis by BMD measurement.
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This chapter describes key factors specific to asthmatic patients that directly or indirectly affect bone health. The well-established association of corticosteroid therapy with osteoporosis is discussed, as are less commonly known and emerging osteoporosis risk factors pertinent to asthmatic patients. Additionally, osteoporosis management and therapy are reviewed, with a discussion of the role of the asthma specialist in preventing, screening, and treating osteoporosis and osteopenia.
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Introduction: Osteoporosis is a progressive metabolic bone disease characterized by reduction of mineral density of bone, which leads to reduction of bone firmness, increased fragility and increased risk of bonefractures. The aims of this study were to determine the age structure and average values of BMI in female patients with a diagnosis of osteoporosis and osteopenia, to determine the value of T-score before and aftertherapy, and to show a correlation of frequency of fractures in relation to already given diagnosed and the presence of menopause.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 50 female respondents with diagnosis of osteoporosis and osteopenia. Included female respondents underwent densitometry or ultrasound screening method ofheels in which high degree of osteopenia and osteoporosis is detected.Results: The average age of the female respondents included in this study was 48.06 ± 11.97 years and all the respondents were in the category of women with normal body weight. There is a difference in the values of T-score of respondents with osteoporosis compared to osteopenia. Value of T-score decreases in relation to increase of number of years, so the older female respondents had lower values of T-score.Conclusion: The incidence of osteoporosis and osteopenia was higher among active working female respondents in menopause. Respondents with osteoporosis had lower values of T-score, physical and medicamenttherapy in combination led to improvement of T-score. Female respondents with a low value of T-score, with diagnosis of osteoporosis and in menopause, mostly had bone fractures.
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Under the current diagnostic criteria for primary osteoporosis, patients are diagnosed as having osteopenia if their bone density is between 70 and 80% of the average bone density of young adult women. Osteopenia is essentially a precursor for osteoporosis, and because prevention is the basis of osteoporosis treatment, halting the progression of osteopenia into osteoporosis is very important. In other words, the risk factors associated with osteoporosis in each patient must be assessed, and if rapid bone mass loss is expected or confirmed, drug therapy should then be actively administered.
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