The Impact of Forestry Technological Innovation on the Welfare of Farm Households Managing Jujube Forests (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) in the Lüliang Mountains of the Yellow River’s Middle Reaches
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Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) makes up a traditional characteristic industry with ecological significance in the Lüliang Mountain of middle reaches of the Yellow River (LMMRYR). However, low economic efficiency has reduced local farm households’ willingness to continue jujube cultivation, threatening the sustainable maintenance and development of jujube forests and the ecological environment. In response, Lüliang City implemented a technological innovation program, that is, the Jujube Forest High Grafting and Optimization Program (JFHGOP), in 2018. Based on survey data from 302 local farm households, an empirical analysis using propensity score matching and ordinary least squares methods revealed that the program significantly enhanced the economic, ecological, and social benefits for participating farm households, improving their overall welfare. Robustness tests confirmed these findings, and a heterogeneity analysis showed varied impacts across different dimensions. The program improved welfare through government support and cooperatives’ assistance. To further promote green development and farm households’ welfare, recommendations include advancing forestry innovation technology, supporting small farm households with policy, capital, and technology, optimizing subsidy mechanisms, supporting new business entities, and promoting cooperation and benefit-sharing among stakeholders.Keywords:
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This article examines total fertiliser use in India as well as the distribution of fertiliser subsidies granted by the Indian government to its farmers. The paper primarily studies the consumption of fertilisers (NPK) from 1950-51 to 2020-21. However, the information related to the distribution of fertiliser subsidies covers the period from 1980–1981 to 2021–2022. The author further went on to analyze the fertilizer subsidy distribution concerning the agricultural GDP and the overall GDP figures of the nation to get an idea of the effectiveness of investment on the fertilizer subsidies in India.
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The anatomical characteristics of four varieties of species Ziziphus jujuba leaves species, consisting of Z. jujuba var. junzao, Z. jujuba var. pingguozao, Z. jujuba var. lizao and Z. jujuba var. goutouzao, were observed. The results show leaves' structure pattern of four varieties of Z. jujuba belongs to isobilateral leaf, which was anatomically characterized by vascular bundle sheath around the vein in some leaves. Besides, some laticifers occur in the main vein of Z. jujuba var. junzao leaves.
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Ziziphus jujuba
Rhamnaceae
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Through surveying current development situations and existing problems of planting and processing of Ziziphus jujuba in south Xinjiang,this paper discussed planting,processing mode of Ziziphus Jujuba in south Xinjiang and development direction of enterprises in Ziziphus Jujuba production. It is expected to ensure and increase quality and sales volume of Ziziphus Jujuba and promote sound and sustainable development of Ziziphus Jujuba industrial chain in south Xinjiang.
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Ziziphus jujuba
Rhamnaceae
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This trial studied the effects of prometrgne on the young shoot growth,leaf chlorophyll content,MDA content and electrical conductivity of membrane of Ziziphus jujuba Mill.The results showed: prometrgne had obvious effects on the growth of Ziziphus jujuba Mill.In short time,The higher the concentration was,the greater the effects would become,but after sparying for 20 days,the influence become almost disappeared.The results can be concluded that: when we use the chemical-herbicide prometrgne in the Ziziphus jujuba Mill.nursery garden or in the intercropping field,the concentration below 2g/kg is safe.
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The fruit of Ziziphus jujuba Mill., also called hongzao in Chinese, has a long history of cultivation in China. From the fruit of Z. jujuba, twenty-seven known compounds were isolated and identified as the main constituents of these fruits. They were 3-O-(trans-p-coumaroyl)-alphitolic acid (1), 3-O-(cis-p-coumaroyl)-alphitolic acid (2), 3β-O-(trans-p-coumaroyl)-maslinic acid (3), pomonic acid (4), 2-oxo-pomolic acid (5), benthamic acid (6), terminic acid (7), oleanic acid (8), betulinic acid (9), quercetin 3-O-rutinoside (10), quercetin 3-O-robinobioside (11), apigenin (12), traumatic acid (13), (Z)-4-oxotetradec-5-enoic acid (14), 7(E)-9-keto-hexadec-7-enoic acid (15), 9(E)-11-oxo-octadecenoic acid (9CI) (16), and magnoflorine (27), etc. The HPLC fingerprint of Z. jujuba fruits was established at the same time. Compounds 4, 5, 7, 11, 14, 15 and 16 were isolated from Z. jujuba for the first time. Compound 14 was isolated from the nature for the first time. Furthermore, cytotoxicity against four human tumor cell lines (MCF-7, A549, HepG2 and HT-29) of the isolated compounds (1-17 and 27) was evaluated. Among these compounds, compounds 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9 and 12 had strong growth inhibitory effects on cancer cell lines. These results indicated that jujube extracts exhibited cytotoxicity on these cancer cell lines.
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