Ratiometric SERS quantification of SO2 vapor based on Au@Ag-Au with Raman reporter as internal standard
Yu LuXiu‐Fang MoGeng ZhuYan HuangYingchao WangZhenzhong YangLiqiong GaoGuofang ShenY. F. WangXiangwei Zhao
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Abstract We checked on reproducibility of parameters of a multichannel electrogastrogram in adults after intake of typical, applied in electrogastrography, test meals. Recordings of multichannel electrogastrograms were accomplished in four blocks comprising 18 subjects (nine healthy volunteers and nine patients with functional GI disorders) each. Every subject had two examinations taken 1‐2 days apart, and a third one was accomplished at least 2 weeks before or after the two other sessions. The registration involved a 30‐min fasted and a 2‐h postprandial period after one of the meal stimuli tested within a given block: 400 mL water, 400 g yoghurt (378 kcal), a scrambled eggs sandwich (370 kcal), a pancake (355 kcal). From among the parameters reflecting the propagation of the gastric slow waves, the average percentage of slow wave coupling (APSWC) exhibited a good (coefficient of variation for paired examinations CV p ≤ 10%) to moderate (10< CV p ≤30%) reproducibility. On the other hand, the reproducibility of the maximum dominant frequency difference and the spatial dominant power difference was found to be unsatisfactory. The reproducibility of the multichannel electrogastrographic parameters did not differ between healthy volunteers and patients with functional GI disorders. Gender or the kind of a test meal did not affect the reproducibility of the electrogastrographic parameters either. The medium‐term reproducibility was not any worse than the short‐term one. From among the parameters of a multichannel electrogastrogram intended to quantify the propagation of slow waves, only the APSWC offers a reproducibility potentially good enough for clinical applications.
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This report describes, and gives the results of, an experiment designed to study the reproducibility and repeatability of the polished-stone value (PSV) determination when carried out according to the procedure given in BS 812 : 1967. Repeatability and reproducibility estimates were obtained from analyses of: (A) measured test results, and (B) test results 'corrected' by a factor based on the values obtained on Enderby control specimens. The analyses showed that the repeatability and reproducibility estimates on the measured test results for a single measurement were 4.9 and 6.0 units respectively, but for the 'corrected' test results both estimates were reduced to 4.2 units. These results confirmed the value (six units) for the reproducibility of the test which is quoted in the current edition of BS 812, but showed that the incorporation of a 'correction' technique into the procedures would appreciably improve its precision.
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The biosensor described below capitalizes on the specificity and reversibility of antibody-analyte interactions, and is designed to operate continuously. Detection of the analyte of interest relies on the specific displacement of labelled-analyte from the antibody binding site. When an aqueous sample containing the analyte is introduced into the buffer flow, the analyte competes for the analyte binding sites with the labelledanalyte already bound by the antibody. An amount of the labelled analyte proportional to the amount of the analyte present is displaced, enters the buffer flow, and is subsequently detected downstream. In the model system, radioisotopes and fluorophores were used as analyte labels in the development of a sensor capable of detecting small molecular weight analytes. Dinitrophenol @NP) was used as the analyte to construct a model system and could be detected at the nanomolar level. The assay does not require the introduction of exogenous reagents throughout the analysis of a sample. In addition, incubation of the sample in the detection column was not required since significant displacement of the labelled DNP-analyte occurred in continuous flow. Due to the wide range of specificities that antibodies can express, this system has the potential of being designed to detect many different analytes.
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Objective To compare the reproducibility of probing depth (PD) measurements using the Florida probe and the conventional periodontal probe.Methods Before and after initial periodontal treatment, five patients with chronic periodontitis received repeated PD measurements using the Florida probe and the conventional periodontal probe, respectively. The reproducibility of PD measurements was compared between the two different probes. The reproducibility of PD measurements using the same probes was also compared before and after the treatment.Results The reproducibility of PD measurements with both of these probes was good (P~0.05 , r=~0.77 ～~0.85 ) for both before and after initial treatment. Before the treatment, the reproducibility of these two probes was similar. After treatment, the reproducibility of the Florida probe was better than that of conventional periodontal probe (P~0.05 ).Conclusion The reproducibility of PD measurements with the Florida probes is reliable, suggesting that it can be applied in clinical research.
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The purpose of this paper was to assess the reproducibility of three simulations presented on videotape: echocardiograms, ventriculograms, and arteriograms. The results indicate that roughly comparable numbers of cases, but different amounts of testing time, are required to achieve specified levels of reproducibility; score interpretation affected reproducibility in the expected ways.
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This three‐part study investigated the reproducibility of natural head posture (NHP) using radiographs and photographs. In part 1, reproducibility of cephalograms 1 year after the introduction of NHP was investigated and found to be less favourable (Dahlberg coefficient of 2.99 degrees) than most other previous investigations. In order to minimize radiation exposure of patients, reproducibility of photographs and method agreement between photographs and cephalograms were investigated in part 2. Reproducibility of the two photographs was poor (2.71 degrees). However, method agreement between cephalograms and the photographs taken at the same time was good (1.39 degrees). Replacement of the radiographic method with the photographic method for assessing NHP reproducibility appeared justified. Changing the protocol for achieving NHP in part 3 of the study improved reproducibility substantially (1.41 degrees).
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* Limit of Blank (LoB), Limit of Detection (LoD), and Limit of Quantitation (LoQ) are terms used to describe the smallest concentration of a measurand that can be reliably measured by an analytical procedure. * LoB is the highest apparent analyte concentration expected to be found when replicates of a blank sample containing no analyte are tested. LoB = mean(blank) + 1.645(SD(blank)). * LoD is the lowest analyte concentration likely to be reliably distinguished from the LoB and at which detection is feasible. LoD is determined by utilising both the measured LoB and test replicates of a sample known to contain a low concentration of analyte. * LoD = LoB + 1.645(SD (low concentration sample)). * LoQ is the lowest concentration at which the analyte can not only be reliably detected but at which some predefined goals for bias and imprecision are met. The LoQ may be equivalent to the LoD or it could be at a much higher concentration.
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