Natural head posture--considerations of reproducibility
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This three‐part study investigated the reproducibility of natural head posture (NHP) using radiographs and photographs. In part 1, reproducibility of cephalograms 1 year after the introduction of NHP was investigated and found to be less favourable (Dahlberg coefficient of 2.99 degrees) than most other previous investigations. In order to minimize radiation exposure of patients, reproducibility of photographs and method agreement between photographs and cephalograms were investigated in part 2. Reproducibility of the two photographs was poor (2.71 degrees). However, method agreement between cephalograms and the photographs taken at the same time was good (1.39 degrees). Replacement of the radiographic method with the photographic method for assessing NHP reproducibility appeared justified. Changing the protocol for achieving NHP in part 3 of the study improved reproducibility substantially (1.41 degrees).Keywords:
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Three experiments were carried out to examine the repeatability of a new pretreatment of arsenic in soil at Mar.28,Mar.31,and Apr.4,respectively.The results showed a good repeatability and reproducibility with measured value on the same sample of 8.14×10-6 and 8.60×10-6、 8.04×10-6 and 8.68×10-6,8.20×10-6 and 8.21×10-6,respectively.The rates of recovery of the three experiments which were 104%,99.1% and 104%,respectively and the measured value of standard which were 11.2×10-6 and 10.9×10-6,10.8×10-6 and 11.0×10-6,11.5×10-6 and 11.0×10-6 showed a good repeatability and reproducibility of this method.And the curve in the three experiments showed a good reproducibility with a little slope and intercept.
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Conventional and multi-spectral digital imaging capture devices can be used for colorimetric measurements. However, a preliminary study of their repeatability and reproducibility is very advisable if they want to be used for this purpose. In this work, a methodology to study the repeatability and reproducibility of such systems is proposed and two digital imaging capture devices working as spectroradiometers with three and seven filters, respectively, are analyzed with respect to a reference tele-spectra-colorimeter. The results of the statistical test show that both have good levels of repeatability, although not the same conclusion is reached regarding the reproducibility, due to some systematic errors.
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Spectroradiometer
Digital Imaging
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This report describes, and gives the results of, an experiment designed to study the reproducibility and repeatability of the polished-stone value (PSV) determination when carried out according to the procedure given in BS 812 : 1967. Repeatability and reproducibility estimates were obtained from analyses of: (A) measured test results, and (B) test results 'corrected' by a factor based on the values obtained on Enderby control specimens. The analyses showed that the repeatability and reproducibility estimates on the measured test results for a single measurement were 4.9 and 6.0 units respectively, but for the 'corrected' test results both estimates were reduced to 4.2 units. These results confirmed the value (six units) for the reproducibility of the test which is quoted in the current edition of BS 812, but showed that the incorporation of a 'correction' technique into the procedures would appreciably improve its precision.
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The working sheet and computing formula were prepared by Excel for laboratories to calculate repeatability and reproducibility of monitoring method.It solved the exclusion and deletion of experimental data in some laboratories.The principle of statistics method depended on Accuracy(trueness and precision)of measurement methods and results Part 2:Basic method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method(GB/T 6379.2-2004).
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Abstract The results of a quantitative antimicrobial assay can be summarized by the log reduction value. For an assay to be proposed as a standard method, it is usually necessary to conduct a collaborative study to demonstrate that the repeatability and reproducibility standard deviations (SDs) of the log reduction values are sufficiently small. It is not clear, however, precisely how small those SDs should be. This paper describes the results of a literature review conducted to determine the range of repeatability and reproducibility SDs for standard quantitative antimicrobial assays. The underlying premise is that, for an assay to have been accepted as a standard method, its repeatability and reproducibility SDs must have been sufficiently small. This premise implies that the repeatability and reproducibility SDs of standard assays establish de facto guidelines for acceptability. The survey comprised papers where the SDs could be extracted directly or where they could be calculated from accessible data. Papers describing suspension tests as well as hard surface tests were included. For the standard antimicrobial assays reviewed, repeatability SDs ranged from 0.25 to 1.21 and the reproducibility SDs ranged from 0.31 to 1.54.
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Objectives: To determine and compare the repeatability and reproducibility of anterior scleral parameters measured by the corneoscleral profile (CSP) module of Pentacam in keratoconus (KC) and control eyes. Methods: This is a prospective observational study. Thirty KC participants (30 eyes) and 24 control participants (24 eyes) were examined three times using the CSP. Sagittal height mean (SHM), sagittal height astigmatism (SHA), and mean bulbar slope (BSM) were measured in 12 mm and 16 mm chord lengths. The repeatability and reproducibility of these measurements were also assessed. Coefficients of variation (CoV), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of repeatability (CoR1), and coefficient of reproducibility (CoR2) were adopted to assess the reliability. Results: In the KC and control groups, SHM showed high repeatability and reproducibility (coefficients of variation [CoVs]≤0.96%, intraclass correlation coefficient [ICCs]≥0.97), and SHM of control eyes showed higher repeatability and reproducibility than that of KC eyes at 12 mm chord length (KC group, CoRs ranged from 35.56 μm to 43.52 μm, control group, ranged from 23.50 μm to 30.31 μm) and 16 mm chord length (KC group, CoRs ranged from 79.54 μm to 81.58 μm, control group, ranged from 48.25 μm to 66.10 μm). Mean bulbar slope also showed high repeatability and reproducibility (CoVs≤3.65%, CoRs≤2.64). Furthermore, the SHA of control eyes showed higher repeatability and reproducibility when compared with KC eyes (control group: CoVs≤29.95%, KC group: CoVs≥32.67%). Conclusions: Keratoconus and control eyes demonstrated high repeatability and reproducibility when using CSP measurements, which may prove helpful in fitting contact lenses.
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Scheimpflug principle
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The paper deals with the influence of interactions between parts and appraisers on the results of the analysis of repeatability and reproducibility of the measurement system. The appropriate interactions have been created by simulated changes of selected values measured within the framework of real gauge repeatability and reproducibility study and evaluation was performed using average and range method and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Effects of changes type and size on the results of the analysis (%EV – repeatability; %AV – reproducibility; %INT – interaction between operators and parts; %GRR – gauge repeatability and reproducibility; ndc – number of distinct categories) are compared and mechanisms of these effects are analysed.
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Repeatability and reproducibility estimates of standard analysis were used to determine the uncertainty for lead content in copper,lead and zinc ores,by the EDTA volumetric method.Excesses in laboratory bias and repeatability were examined by 7 different laboratories collaborating for this experiment.It was determined that the measurement uncertainty relates to the accuracy of reproducibility when bias and precision are the dominant factors.This method proved to be efficient and effective by employing standards in collaboration experiments.
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Robustness
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