Comparative evaluation of low-cost 3D scanning devices for ear acquisition
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Autologous ear reconstruction is a surgical procedure performed in the case of defects of the outer ear in which the malformed anatomy is reconstructed with autologous cartilage tissue and often involves the use of surgical guides modelled from a digital reconstruction of the ear anatomy. To obtain such three-dimensional anatomy, traditional imaging methods, which are expensive and invasive, can be replaced by professional 3D scanners or low-cost commercial devices. In this context, this paper focuses on the evaluation of two devices for the acquisition of the outer ear, the Intel® RealSense D405™ (stereo camera) and the TrueDepth camera of the iPhone® 13 (structured light camera), proposing a comparison based on four parameters: accuracy, precision, deviation range and point-to-point distance, in order to assess their usability in the medical field, and in particular in the context of autologous ear reconstruction. The results show that, despite significantly different handling of the raw data, the performance of the two devices is comparable: average accuracy is 0.76 mm for the D405 and 0.95 mm for the iPhone 13, average precision is 0.071 mm for the D405 and 0.065 mm for the iPhone 13, average range of deviation is 3.12 mm for the D405 and 3.64 mm for the iPhone 13.Keywords:
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This chapter contains sections titled: Usability: A Concept Linked to Development of Human-Computer Interfaces Usability at the Crossroads of Three Philosophies Norms and Standards of Usability Classical Usability Criteria Methods for Collecting Data Related to Usability Specific Methodology Difficulties with Handicapped and Elderly People Recommendations for the Elderly Fitting Workplaces to Handicapped Operators References
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3D object reconstruction of deformable objects is a long standing challenge for computer vision. Here we develop a system for the 3D reconstruction of a single marker-less object – a freely moving biological swimmer in 3D space – using a passive, fixed-camera set-up. We focus on microscopic, long and thin (1 mm long, 80 µm thick) roundworms. Our set-up provides the resolution required both to track the animal’s coordinates across a large volume and to reconstruct its 3D posture at every frame. A data-pipeline is presented which combines model calibration, 2D image analysis and 3D reconstruction of the body midline, representing the complete posture up to orientation and internal twist. We present results, validation and open challenges, including instances of occlusion due to insufficient projected information, and experimental limitations of resolution and focus.
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This study assessed the usability of an Interactive System for Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) using the System Usability Scale (SUS). A simulation-based experiment involved 24 pilots with varying experience levels. Results showed an average SUS score of 67.4, indicating reasonably positive usability perception. Participants without prior piloting or aeronautical experiences scored lower, while those with military or technical backgrounds scored higher. These findings highlight the importance of considering user backgrounds for effective UAS control and offer insights for usability improvements.
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U.S. residential thermostats control approximately 9% of the nation's energy use. Many building codes now require programmable thermostats (PTs) because of their assumed energy savings. However, several recent field studies have shown no significant savings or even higher energy use in households using PTs compared to those using non-PTs. These studies point to usability problems that lead to incorrect use and wasted energy. However, the lack of clear, consistent metrics has hampered the acceptance of usability concerns by thermostat manufacturers. Thus there is a need for metrics specific to PTs that manufacturers can use to evaluate their products.
In this paper, we report on the results of a usability study conducted on five commercially available PTs and the development of four new metrics suitable for use in evaluating thermostat usability. Our study confirmed usability deficits in the current generation of PTs and showed the metrics are correlated with each other as well as agreeing with the qualitative results of the study.
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At a unit of a hospital in the Brazilian city of Florianópolis, from the diagnosis to the administration of medicines in the inpatient, usability problems like errors were detected in the flow of medication as well as problems of greater severity. This paper aims to perform a diagnosis of usability in the inpatient unit of a teaching hospital in Florianópolis in order to identify the main problems in the flow of medication. As a method, the authors used literature review, field visits, assessments of usability principles and determination of the severity of the problems found. The step of lowest usability was the preparation, followed by the steps of dispensation, administration and prescription. As for severity, the similarity of names, colors and shapes of packages of drugs was identified as the most problematic. Beside the problems that involves the health care professionals, the hospital has problems like the environment and the products, like the packaging of medications. The usability diagnosis can help find ways to make the flow of medication more efficient and safe.Keywords: design, usability, medication errors.
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In this study we carry out usability evaluation for adjustable electric beds for home care that are used the most by the elderly, and examines dissatisfaction of users. In this sense, we performed an interview with stakeholders including bed users, developers and suppliers to develop usability evaluation contents. In addition, we carried out feasibility and reliability study over evaluation form through usability assessment, and developed usability evaluation indicator.
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BACKGROUND: Admission, discharge and, transfer (ADT) process is one of the most important hospital workflows. ADT system is a part of a hospital information system (HIS).
AIM: The objective of this study was to evaluate the usability of the ADT system.
METHODS: The study performed at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS) hospitals. Data collection instrument was a validated checklist of Pierotti heuristic evaluation. To determine the severity of usability problems, a hybrid of Nielson and Tampere unit for computer-human interaction (TAUCHI) severity scaling algorithm was used. Usability problems were divided into five categories (major, severe, minor, cosmetic, and technical). Six experts evaluated the ADT system independently. According to TAUCHI severity scale, if a feature has not yet been implemented in the ADT system, evaluators considered it a technical usability problem. Therefore, usability problems due to non-design feature in the ADT system were identified. Finally, the mean severity of each usability problems was calculated.
RESULTS: A total of 186 usability problems were identified. The frequency of major, sever, minor and cosmetic usability problems were 2, 65, 69 and 50, respectively. A total of 55 usability problems by the evaluators were recognised as technical problems. The highest mismatch with usability principles was related to the “recognition rather than recall”. The range of the mean severity of usability problems was between 0-2.31.
CONCLUSIONS: Our result showed that although implementation of IHIS on a large scale, it still suffered from unresolved usability problems. Identification of usability problems and evaluation of their level of severity, which was simultaneously performed in this study, can be used as a guide to evaluate the usability of other HISs.
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Abstract Objective: to evaluate usability of the Meu PICC (My PICC) app for follow-up of outpatients using peripherally inserted central catheters through the validated System Usability Scale instrument. Method: a cross-sectional study that applied the System Usability Scale to 30 patients using peripherally inserted central catheters, ten nurses and eight Information and Communication Technology professionals to assess usability of the app. Results: a statistical difference was observed between age and usability (p=0.006), as well as a negative correlation between app use time and usability (p=0.002). As per the System Usability Scale adjectival classification, 40.0% and 33.3% of the patients considered the app as the best possible to be imagined and as excellent, respectively. In relation to the nurses, 70.0% considered the app as the best possible to be imagined and 20.0% as excellent; of the Information and Communication Technology professionals, 50.0% considered the app as the best possible to be imagined and the other 50.0%, as excellent. Conclusion: the usability assessment showed that patients, nurses and ICT professionals considered the app useful for monitoring patients using PICCs and evaluated it as appropriate, evaluating it as the best possible to be imagined or as excellent. These results corroborate use of the Meu PICC app in the monitoring of outpatient use of PICCs.
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Background -- The assessment of the usability of Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) products and services is a demanding process due to their complexity. Objective -- To verify the feasibility of using a multi-method approach for data collection when evaluating the usability of AAL products and services. Methods -- An experimental study was conducted using two questionnaires, the Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire (PSSUQ) and the International Classification of Functionality, Disability and Health based Usability Scale (ICF-US), together with the registration of quantitative data related to the performance of the users carrying out specific tasks, and the registration of critical incidents. Results -- The experimental results suggest that the PSSUQ (to determine self-perceived usability) and the ICF-US (to determine the opinion of the evaluator on the users' performance) promote an accurate evaluation of the interaction mechanisms. Conclusion -- Multiple data collection methods seems to be an efficient approach for usability evaluation of AAL products and services.
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