Photovoltaic-Based Residential Direct-Current Microgrid and Its Comprehensive Performance Evaluation
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The “dual carbon” strategy has drawn attention to distributed PV systems for their flexibility and variability, but the rising need for direct-current (DC) loads on the load side has created additional difficulties for microgrid system upgrades. In this article, a PV-based microgrid design approach for residential buildings is suggested, working on the assumption that distributed PV systems are given top priority to handle domestic DC needs. The residential DC microgrid system’s overall design concept is first put out, and the circuit system is then concentrated to supply the main idea for the ensuing verification of the system’s viability. Secondly, the actual power generation in the selected area was clarified by testing, and then the electricity consumption of DC loads accounted for about 20.03% of the total power consumption according to the survey of 100 users. In addition, the circuit system is subjected to spectral model measurements and physical measurements to verify the operational performance of the circuit system; the feasibility of the PV microgrid system is further verified using dual testing of the PV system and the circuit system. The test results show that the proposed DC microgrid system can accurately provide the required voltage for small household DC appliances, such as 24 V, 14 V, 5 V, etc. Finally, the system economics were analyzed, and the equipment payback years were estimated. The supply and demand of PV power generation and DC appliances can be balanced via the construction of a microgrid. This study offers a fresh concept for the use of PV technology. The concept behind this research can serve as a model for the creation and application of other new energy sources.Keywords:
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In this paper, a community microgrid with multiple ac and dc microgrids is introduced and analyzed. Individual microgrids with different frequency and voltage requirements would operate as self-controlled entities, which could also cooperate with neighboring microgrids for providing back-up operations in the community microgrid. A hierarchical coordination strategy with primary, secondary, and tertiary coordination is proposed for the economic operation of an islanded community microgrid. The hierarchical strategy is also applied to a grid-connected community microgrid and the results are discussed. The simulation results verify that the proposed hierarchical coordination strategy is an effective and efficient way for coordinating microgrid flows in an islanded community microgrid, while maintaining the rated frequency and voltage with each microgrid. The simulation results also demonstrate the economic operation of a grid-connected community microgrid in which individual microgrids operate as autonomous agents, while satisfying the community objectives.
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This study examined electricity consumption in a Nigeria township with a view of understanding the challenges faced by electricity consumers and to proffer practicable suggestions for sustainable electricity supply. Major findings emanating from the study show that 26.7 % of respondents acknowledged the electricity supply through the electricity service provider (ESP). Again, 71 % of respondents relied on electricity through the alternative’s sources complementing ESP services. Furthermore, 75 % of respondents confirmed a temporal supply of 5 hours daily representing 20 % daily electricity supply. In another dimension, in terms of billing, 62.4 % received estimated electricity bills as many homes are without electricity meters. Finally, this study revealed some planning and policy implications and provided recommendations through which electricity consumption in the state could be improved upon.
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This study examined electricity consumption in a Nigeria township with a view of understanding the challenges faced by electricity consumers and to proffer practicable suggestions for sustainable electricity supply. Major findings emanating from the study show that 26.7 % of respondents acknowledged the electricity supply through the electricity service provider (ESP). Again, 71 % of respondents relied on electricity through the alternative’s sources complementing ESP services. Furthermore, 75 % of respondents confirmed a temporal supply of 5 hours daily representing 20 % daily electricity supply. In another dimension, in terms of billing, 62.4 % received estimated electricity bills as many homes are without electricity meters. Finally, this study revealed some planning and policy implications and provided recommendations through which electricity consumption in the state could be improved upon.
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This book pursues the fundamental idea of using renewable energies in a rational and economic way in order to develop a climate-friendly electricity supply. As the most cost efficient solution, an electricity network for the whole of Europe and parts of Africa and Asia must be found. The sources of renewable and partly decentralised electricity generation could be connected in a comprehensive power supply to meet the electricity needs of an entire region. Czisch examines different scenarios for a CO2 neutral electricity system under different political, technological and economic conditions for Europe and its closer surroundings. The aim is to find in each variation the economically optimal solution, whereby the supply area embraces approximately 1.1 billion inhabitants and an electricity consumption of roughly 4000 terrawatt-hours per annum (TWh/a).
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In Pakistan, data for household electricity consumption are available in the form of monthly electricity bills only, and, therefore, are not helpful in establishing appliance-wise consumption. Further, it does not help in establishing the relationship among the household electricity consumption and various driving factors. This study aimed to unlock the household electricity consumption in Pakistan by analyzing electricity bills and investigating the impact of various socioeconomic, demographic, and dwelling parameters and usage of different appliances. The methodology adopted in this study was survey-based data collection of the residential sector. For this purpose, data were collected from 523 dwellings through surveys and interviews in Mirpur city. The results of the data analysis revealed that the average household electricity consumption is 2469 kWh/year with an average family size of seven and an average floor area of 78.91 m2. Based on possession of various appliances, the households were categorized into four types and their consumption patterns were established and compared. Air Conditioned (AC) houses consume 44% more electricity compared to the non-AC houses, whereas an Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) consumes electricity equivalent to an AC. The research findings are useful for policy makers and building designers and are discussed in the conclusion section.
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Today, virtually all British farms take a supply of electricity from the mains, and during the last financial year, they consumed 2970 GWh; electricity is now a tool in the hands of all engaged in British farming
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Chapter Contents: 2.1 Definition 2.2 Microgrid architecture and classification 2.2.1 Electric microgrid 2.2.2 Multi-energy microgrid 2.3 Planning of DER units in microgrid 2.4 Microgrid operation 2.5 Microgrid control 2.6 Microgrid stability References
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With the emergence of environmental protection, energy crisis and other problems, distributed photovoltaic microgrid has received wide attention from various countries. The traditional distribution grid dispatching system to monitor the microgrid makes most of the distributed power sources out of control, so it is very important to research and innovate the new microgrid operation mode. By interconnecting microgrids with similar geographic areas and related characteristics electrically and communicatively, and interacting with the distribution grid through a unique access point, microgrid clusters are formed, which is a higher level of distributed power structure. For the stability problem of autonomous operation of microgrid clusters, multi-agent microgrid clusters can not only solve the autonomous operation of the grid, but also make the microgrid with higher stability. In this paper, a coordinated autonomous control strategy for microgrid clusters with ring-type multi-agent is proposed. The method uses a ring network structure between agents to control each microgrid. In this approach, Agents communicate with each other and microgrid units are electrically interconnected to form microgrid clusters with stable power output. Finally, the PSCAD platform simulation verifies the stability of autonomous operation of microgrid clusters with multiple Agents.
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A Microgrid is a private small-scale power system composed of distributed energy resources (DERs), storage devices and loads. And it is expected that the Microgrid will come into wide use in the near future. For this, the establishment of the Microgrid operation methodology is a very important problem. Especially, the Microgrid is greatly different from existing private small-scale power systems because of the multiple participants. Therefore, the Microgrid operation considered various requirements according to multiple participants is more complicated than the operation of existing private small-scale power systems. In this paper, Microgrid operation methodology based on a market environment is suggested. Through case studies , the effectiveness of the suggested methodology is verified.
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