Effects of postponing nitrogen topdressing on starch structural properties of superior and inferior grains in hybrid indica rice cultivars with different taste values
Xiaojuan YuanYongheng LuoYonggang YangKairui ChenYanfang WenYinghan LuoBo LiYangming MaChangchun GuoZongkui ChenZhiyuan YangYongjian SunJun Ma
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Nitrogen (N) fertilizer management, especially postponing N topdressing can affect rice eating quality by regulating starch quality of superior and inferior grains, but the details are unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of N topdressing on starch structure and properties of superior and inferior grains in hybrid indica rice with different tastes and to clarify the relationship between starch structure, properties, and taste quality.Two hybrid indica rice varieties, namely the low-taste Fyou 498 and high-taste Shuangyou 573, were used as experimental materials. Based on 150 kg·N hm-2, three N fertilizer treatments were established: zero N (N0), local farmer practice (basal fertilizer: tillering fertilizer: panicle fertilizer=7:3:0) (N1), postponing N topdressing (basal fertilizer: tillering fertilizer: panicle fertilizer=3:1:6) (N2).The starch granules of superior grains were more complete, and the decrease in small granules content and the stability of starch crystals were a certain extent less than those of inferior grains. Compared with N1, under N2, low-taste and high-taste varieties large starch granules content were significantly reduced by 6.89%, 0.74% in superior grains and 4.26%, 2.71% in inferior grains, the (B2 + B3) chains was significantly reduced by 1.61%, 0.98% in superior grains, and 1.18%, 0.97% in inferior grains, both reduced the relative crystallinity and 1045/1022 cm-1, thereby decreasing the stability of the starch crystalline region and the orderliness of starch granules. N2 treatment reduced the ΔHgel of two varieties. These changes ultimately contributed to the enhancement of the taste values in superior and inferior grains in both varieties, especially the inferior grains. Correlation analysis showed that the average starch volume diameter (D[4,3]) and relative crystallinity were significantly positively correlated with the taste value of superior and inferior sgrains, suggesting their potential use as an evaluation index for the simultaneous enhancement of the taste value of rice with superior and inferior grains.Based on 150 kg·N hm-2, postponing N topdressing (basal fertilizer: tillering fertilizer: panicle fertilizer=3:1:6) promotes the enhancement of the overall taste value and provides theoretical information for the production of rice with high quality.Keywords:
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AbstrcatUsing the main varieties and region test ones altogether 33 rice varieties of LiaoNing province, the relationships between panicle traits and yield components were analyzed.The results showed that grain yield was closely correlated with panicle numbers,grains/panicle and spike setting density affect grain yield significantly, because panicle numbers and grains/panicle contributed to yield improvement while spike setting density have a negative effect on it.
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Ordered population could augment panicle angle and panicle length,which fa-vored the formation of large panicle,erect panicle variety was more fit out-of-order cultivation than bending panicle variety.Distributing mode had significant influence on yield and biologi-cal yield,yield is higher in ordered population than that in out-of-order population.
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The experiment utilized the split-plot design with fertilizers as main plots and plant density as subplots,to study the characteristics of panicle and grain structure matched with a yield of more than 9t/ hm~2 for the new hybrid rice combination Teyou 649.The results showed that there was obvious difference between productive panicles derived from different nodes in terms of contribution to the yield.The contribution rate of the panicles from different nodes derived tillers was like this: the panicles from lower node tillers the panicles from secondary tillers the main panicle.The percentage of the panicles from lower node tillers was the most with 62%～73%,that of secondary tillers was 20% and the main panicle was 15%.Moreover,with fertilizer and planting density increasing,the contribution of the main panicle to the yield was increasing.
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