Study on characteristics of panicle and grain structure matched with high-yield for new hybrid rice combination "Teyou 649"
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The experiment utilized the split-plot design with fertilizers as main plots and plant density as subplots,to study the characteristics of panicle and grain structure matched with a yield of more than 9t/ hm~2 for the new hybrid rice combination Teyou 649.The results showed that there was obvious difference between productive panicles derived from different nodes in terms of contribution to the yield.The contribution rate of the panicles from different nodes derived tillers was like this: the panicles from lower node tillers the panicles from secondary tillers the main panicle.The percentage of the panicles from lower node tillers was the most with 62%～73%,that of secondary tillers was 20% and the main panicle was 15%.Moreover,with fertilizer and planting density increasing,the contribution of the main panicle to the yield was increasing.Keywords:
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Eighty-eight and 122 conventional indica rice varieties were solution-cultured in 2001 and 2002,respectively,and tiller number dynamics,yield and its components,and panicle traits of these varieties were investigated.The tested rice varieties were classified into 6 types(i.e.A,B,C,D,E and F,A was the lowest,and F was the highest) based on their sink potential levels by the MinSSw method.Significant difference in sink potential(SP) among the varieties was found,the ratio of the maximal SP to the minimum in 2001 and 2002 were 426% and 817%,respectively.The average SP of the F-type varieties were 184.71%,88.93%,57.45%,34.32% and 14.05% higher in 2001,and 305.05%,153.54%,90.28%,51.24% and 21.29% higher in 2002,respectively than those of A-,B-,C-,D-,E-type varieties.With the enlarging SP,the grain yield increased significantly.Varieties belonging to large SP type had superiority in the number of panicles per unit area,number of spikelets per panicle and 1000-grain weight.Varieties with larger SP showed longer panicle,higher spikelet density and higher number of primary and secondary rachis branches on panicles.The contributions of the number of spikelets and number of panicles per unit area to SP were similar,which was significantly greater than that of 1000-grain-weight to SP.The number of spikelets per panicle was more affected by spikelet density and panicle length than by number of secondary rachis branches per panicle and the ratio of primary rachis branch number per panicle to secondary rachis branch number per panicle.
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10 typical mid-maturity mid-season Japonica rice cultivars newly bred in Jiangsu Province in recent years were used as materials,and were classified by the panicle weight into three types of big panicle type cultivars,middle panicle type cultivars and small panicle type cultivars.All the cultivars for test were field grown under the direct seeding conditions.The characteristics of grain yield and its components and characteristics of plant population quality were investigated.The results showed that the middle panicle type cultivars had higher grain yield than other panicle type cultivars.High grain yield of middle panicle type cultivars was mainly due to the increase in total number of spikelets,and increase in spikelets resulted mainly from large panicles based on a suitable number of panicles,and also the high grain yield of middle panicle type was due to the higher leaf area index and biomass accumulation and higher output and higher appearing transformation and appearing convertion of dry matter of the stem and sheath as well as the higher rate of effect ears.Approaches to choosing suitable direct seeding cultivars and getting high yield are discussed based on the characteristics of grain yield and its components and characteristics of the plant population quality.
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The characteristics of panicle-grain structure in the demonstration field of super hybrid rice were investigated and analyzed,the results showed that there was obvious difference among effective panicles from different planting densities in terms of contribution to the yield.The order of the contribution rate of the panicles from different sources was: the panicles from primary tillers the panicles from secondary tillers the main panicle the third tillers.The contribution rate of the panicles from primary tillers was above 55%.The indexes of the panicle-grain structure matched with a yield of 11.62t/hm2 was as follows: a planting density of 256,800 hills per hectare,13.9 effective panicles per hill,3.56 million effective panicles per hectare,45.6 g of grain weight per hill,171.5 grains per main panicle,130.5 filled grains per panicle from primary tiller,88 grains per panicle from secondary tiller,and an average of 130 grains per panicle and 3.63 g of grains weight per panicle.
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Tiller (botany)
Hectare
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By analyzing the researched result of different scholars in the type of panicle、grain weight per panicle、distributions of spikelets showed that straight and suitable large panicle or grains weight per panicle lower than 1.6g、the numbers of secondary branches showed middle-upper part of the panicles is the higher yield in the rice breeding.
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Rice yield is composed of panicles, grains and grain weight. The experiment results showed: The grains per panicle of big panicle variety had positive correlation(R=0.7220* ); Panicles/M2 had positive correlation with yield (R=0.0236). The panicles and grains per hill of multi-panicle variety had positive correlations with yield (R=0.6913* and 0.7321* ),respectively. In the condition of climate in Jilin Province, the tillering ability of multi-panicle type correlated closely with yield, and these kinds of varieties adapted to good invironments and could have high yields. The varieties with long panicles adapted to middle level environments, and could have stable yields. So it is very important to use suitable cultivation method according to different variety types.
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Abstract The development of machine-transplanted hybrid rice is a feasible approach to meet the needs of both high grain yield and high labor efficiency in China, but limited information is available on the critical plant traits associated with high grain yields in machine-transplanted hybrid rice. This study was carried out to identify which type of culms ( i.e ., main stems and primary and secondary tillers) and which yield components of this culm are critical to achieving high grain yields in machine-transplanted hybrid rice. Field experiments were conducted with two hybrid rice cultivars grown under two densities of machine transplanting in two years. Results showed that total grain yield of main stems and primary and secondary tillers was not significantly affected by cultivar but was significantly affected by density and year. Averaged across cultivars, densities, and years, main stems and primary and secondary tillers contributed about 15%, 50%, and 35% to total grain yield, respectively. Total grain yield was not significantly related to grain yields of main stems and secondary tillers but was positively and significantly related to grain yield of primary tillers. Approximately 85% of the variation in total grain yield was explained by grain yield of primary tillers, which was positively and significantly related to primary-tiller panicles per m 2 but not to spikelets per panicle, spikelet filling percentage, or grain weight of primary tillers. Based on these results, it is concluded that primary-tiller panicle number is essential for achieving high grain yields in machine-transplanted hybrid rice.
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【Objective】The objective of this study was to reveal sink components characteristics and panicle traits of large panicle hybrid japonica rice and explore approaches to increase group productivity of it.【Method】A field experiment was conducted with eight representative large panicle hybrid japonica rice varieties(A18/F7562,A2/F7563,A20/F7501,A5/F9249,A2/F7513,A20/F7503,Yongyou 8 and Yongyou 13) and two medium panicle conventional japonica rice varieties(Wuyunjing 7 and Wujing 15) as materials.Grain yield components characteristics,total spikelets,sink and panicle traits of large panicle hybrid japonica rice were analyzed systematically.【Result】Grain yield,total spikelets,sink,panicle length,grain density,grain weight per panicle,No.of branches of primary branches per panicle,grains per branch of primary branches,total grains of primary branches per panicle,No.of branches of secondary branches per panicle,grains per branch of secondary branches and total grains of secondary branches per panicle of large panicle hybrid japonica rice were higher than medium panicle conventional japonica rice significantly,while No.of panicles,seed-setting rate,1000-grain-weight,seed-setting rate of primary branches and seed-setting rate of secondary branches followed an opposite tendency accordingly.With the increasing spikelets per panicle,grain yield,total spikelets,sink and seed-setting rate of secondary branches of large panicle hybrid japonica rice increased firstly and then decreased,while panicle length,grain density,grain weight per panicle,No.of branches of primary branches per panicle,grains per branch of primary branches,total grains of primary branches per panicle,No.of branches of secondary branches per panicle,grains per branch of secondary branches and total grains of secondary branches per panicle followed a growing trend and No.of panicles,seed-setting rate,1000-grain-weight,ratio of No.of branches of primary branches to No.of branches of secondary branches,ratio of total grains of primary branches to total grains of secondary branches and seed-setting rate of primary branches did with a declining tendency accordingly.The others and spikelets per panicle were significantly correlated with the exception of grain yield,sink and seed-setting rate of secondary branches.In order to enlarge spikelets per panicle,it was almost contributed by primary branches from medium panicle to prejudiced large panicle,and secondary branches were the major factors from prejudiced large panicle to large panicle(from large panicle to extra large panicle or from extra large panicle to super large panicle).The increase of 1000-grain-weight was the key point of harvesting super high yield of large panicle hybrid japonica rice on the basis of certain No.of panicles and stabilized seed-setting rate.Increase of total spikelets was the basis of increase of grain yield,while the emphasis was to increase sink.Therefore,stable 1000-grain-weight was needed for increasing total spikelets.【Conclusion】Under the experimental conditions,the applicable spikelets per panicle(250 or so) was the best choice for ideal grain yield and its components with high total spikelets and sink filling for large panicle hybrid japonica rice.With the advancement of breeding and techniques,its optimum would be higher.
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This study performed to determine the association between grain yield and yield components in fifty-four selected rice genotypes at F2 populations. Results showed that traits, the panicles per plant (r = 0.751) and filled grains per panicle (r = 0.458) correlated significantly with grain yield, while grain yield was negatively associated with non-filled grains per panicle (-0.297). Path coefficient analysis revealed that grain yield was associated with panicles per plant and filled grains per panicle with the direct effects of 0.691 and 0.568, respectively. The greatest indirect effect belonged to panicle length (0.301) through filled grains per panicle. Stepwise regression analysis showed that 72.1 percent of yield variation could be explained by three characters: the panicles per plant, filled grains per panicle and panicle length. Information obtained in this study revealed that traits, the panicles per plant and filled grains per panicle, could be used as selection criteria for grain yield improvement at segregating populations of rice.
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To investigate the difference and its cause of yield formation in conventional indica rice(Oryza sativa L) cultivars with different panicle weight(PW),a total of 88 and 122 conventional indica rice cultivars were solution-cultured in 2001 and 2002,respectively.Based on PW,these cultivars were classified into 6 types in the alignment from low to high.Growth duration,plant height,dry matter weight(including root),yield and its components,panicle traits,nitrogen content of each plant part and root traits were investigated.Results were as follows: ① For rice cultivars with large PW,growth duration was longer and plant height was higher than those of other rice types.② Rice cultivars with large PW showed the lower maximum tiller number,the percentage of productive tillers and panicles number per unit area, and higher spikelets per ear and 1000-grain-weight than other rice types.③ Rice cultivars with large PW also showed the longer panicle length,higher spikelet density and higher number of primary and secondary branches on the panicles than other rice types,which indicated that on the base of properly increasing of panicle length,the single panicle weight could be elevated through increasing the percentage of secondary branches and improving grain density per panicle.④ Panicle weight showed a quadratic parabola relation with population grain yield and a significant positive linear relationship with grain yield per panicle,which showed that to reach high and stable yield target,those cultivars with moderately larger panicle,higher spikelets per ear and 1000-grain-weight should be considered in the selection and breeding of conventionalindicarice.⑤ The longer growth duration,higher plant height and larger panicle weight were the base forhigh grain yield and the developed root system,more accumulation of nitrogen,larger leaf area index and greater photo-synthetic capacity were the main causes of high grain yield in rice cultivars with large PW.
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The yield structure and panicle characters were studied with 13 new rice varieties cultivated in Liaoning Province. Results showed that the significant difference existed in grain number per panicle, panicle number per plant, kernel set, panicle length, grain density between high yield and low yield varieties, but plant height and 1000-grain weight showed no significant difference. The key method to get high yield is to decrease panicle number per plant and increase grain number per panicle. In rice breeding practices, it should not been only paid attention to the selection of grain number per panicle and grain number on the primary rachis-branches, but also grain number on the secondary rachis-branches and grains density on the panicle. In cultural practices, the grain number per panicle should be controlled, and the grain number on the primary rachis-branches and the grains density on the panicle should be increased, and the grain number on the secondary rachis-branches and grain number per panicle should be paid attention.
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