Tools and techniques used for the characterization of wastewater
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Research and experiment are conducted on the technologies used in biochemical wastewater treatment to alleviate the influence of oilfield sewage on the environment,fully use waste water,and reduce the use of fresh water.Other systematic processes and technologies are combined to be used in wastewater treatment,which helps to realize the wastewater reinjection in low-permeability oilfields and enables the oilfield wastewater to meet the discharge standard.In view of the problem that the wastewater reinjection in low-permeability does not easily meet the standard,the fine wastewater treatment process,based on biochemical treatment and fine filtration,is experimentally applied to Block Fan41 of Daluhu Oilfield.The wastewater disposed reaches Grade A1 of the standards.To solve the treatment difficulty of polymer-contained wastewater,the biochemical treatment technology is used to reduce the chemical oxygen consumption of wastewater.As a result,the wastewater disposed reaches the environmental protection standard.Lab research and field experiment results show that oilfield wastewater can be treated with biochemical methods as long as favorable microbes are selected and applied.
Filtration (mathematics)
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The number of microbreweries in Sweden has grown a lot since 2009, from about 30 to 240 breweries. In the production of beer, wastewater is also produced which must be taken care of to avoid inconvenience to people and the environment. How the wastewater should be treated has been a problem for a couple of breweries. This study is based on a case study, Remmarlov Gardsbryggeri, that needs a new wastewater treatment. Within the case study characteristics in the wastewater was identified by sampling and analysis in the laboratory. The most noticeable results of the sampling of the wastewater were high levels of COD and BOD, high levels of phosphorus in comparison with the levels of nitrogen, and a low pH in the wastewater. To find out what kind of wastewater treatment methods to use at Remmarlov Gardsbryggeri, a survey was made to identify wastewater treatment methods used in Swedish microbreweries. The survey was targeted against major micro breweries in Sweden. The major micro breweries in Sweden was 56 in total, of which 20 of them answered the survey. The survey showed that most of the breweries used municipal wastewater treatment with some pre-treatment in the form of a collection tank, to give more even wastewater, and pH adjustment. Other breweries spread their wastewater on farmland, used an infiltration plant or had an internal wastewater treatment plant. In order to evaluate which wastewater treatment method suited Remmarlov Gardsbryggeri, a matrix was made on the treatment methods identified in the survey. Municipal wastewater treatment has the best degree of purification and control after the treatment but would mean a huge cost for Remmarlov Gardsbryggeri. Using infiltration by sludgy would mean a good degree of purification together with a pre-treatment to lower the level of phosphorus, is easy to control and would therefore be a suitable treatment for Remmarlov Gardsbryggeri. An alternative is spreading the wastewater on farmland or Salix which also have showed good degree of purification and could be controlled due to the farmlands drainage system which ends up in a ditch. (Less)
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The aim of the paper was to determine the impact of Marijampolė city wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) on the water quality of the Šešupė River. The wastewater and surface water samples were collected from January 2015 until January 2018. The condition of the surface water the Šešupė River condition is assessed 100 meters before the release point and 500 meters after the release point. The results show that the wastewater treatment is treated efficiently. It has been determined that the values all indicators of wastewater treatment efficiency duration of the study was the same (the function was negative, and the determination coefficients were very low: R2= 0. 03; R2= 0.012; R2= 0.0006 and R2=0.034). The treated wastewater is released from the Marijampolė WWTP into the Šešupe River. The highest concentration according to all examined indicators was in 500 meters after the release of the wastewater. All differences were found to be statistically significant. It shows that, although wastewater is efficiently treated, it has a negative impact on the water quality of the Šešupė River.
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Aim: Wastewater is generated in the daily activities of population. In order to ensure the continuous treatment of wastewater, we maintain wastewater network system and operate wastewater treatment plants. The position and condition of wastewater treatment plants plays an important role in maintaining the safety of society, since untreated wastewater may cause significant health and environmental problems if it is released untreated into the environment. The aim of this article is to examine the complex protection situation of wastewater treatment plants.Methodology: This article is based on literature, on-site observation and analysis of images available on Google Maps.Findings: Without the complex protection of the wastewater treatment plants, the continuous provision of wastewater treatment cannot be maintained.Value: The article focuses on the situation of the fences as one element of the outdoor protection, which is part of the complex protection system of wastewater treatment plants.
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The purpose of this work was to determine the optimal percentage of wastewater from cesspool in the mixture of wastes subjected to treatment processes, which will not have a negative impact on the functioning of the collective treatment plant. The study was carried out over a period of two years, with 48 samples of wastewater flowing in from the sewage network and delivered with the slurry tanker collected and subjected to physical and chemical analysis. The analysis included: Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Total Nitrogen (TN). In addition, the study defined the daily balance of the amount of inflowing and transported wastewater. Based on the analysis carried out, it was found that the unit loads of BOD5, COD and TN in the mixture of wastewater subjected to the treatment process will be at the level of loads assumed in the project, when the share of supplied wastewater, i.e., from cesspool, will be at the level of 5% of the total amount of wastewater. Considering that in the analysed period the total average daily amount of wastewater subjected to the treatment process was 253.5 m3·d−1, the optimal amount of wastewater delivered should be 12.7 m3 in each day of the week.
Biochemical oxygen demand
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Wastewater must be treated in order to reduce the environmental impact of used water and to ensure the efficient use of its resources. Physical, chemical, and biological treatment techniques are used to treat domestic wastewater. It's crucial to either optimize existing processes for domestic wastewater, which has different characteristics in terms of wastewater characterization, or use appropriate treatment technologies, taking into account the conditions in the region where the plant will be built. In this study, the wastewater treatment plant for the Hakkari city centre, where there is no wastewater treatment plant and wastewater is discharged without treatment, was designed and modeled using the GPS-X simulation program.
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PER: and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitously distributed in wastewater, due to their numerous uses in industry and consumer products, but little is known of PFAS mass flows in municipal wastewater network systems and within wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This study assessed mass flows of 26 PFAS in a wastewater network and WWTP, to provide new insights into their sources, transport, and fate in different treatment steps. Wastewater and sludge samples were collected from pumping stations and the main WWTP in Uppsala, Sweden. PFAS composition profiles and mass flows were used to identify sources within the sewage network. Wastewater from one pumping station showed elevated concentrations of C3-C8 PFCA, likely caused by an industrial source, and two stations had elevated concentrations of 6:2 FTSA, probably originating from a nearby firefighter training facility. Within the WWTP, short-chain PFAS dominated in wastewater, whereas long-chain PFAS dominated in sludge. The ratio of perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSA) and ethylperfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic acid (EtFOSAA) to ∑26PFAS decreased during the WWTP process, likely due to sorption to sludge, but also transformation (EtFOSAA). Overall, PFAS were not efficiently removed in the WWTP, with mean removal efficiency of 10 ± 68% for individual PFAS, resulting in discharge of 7000 mg d-1 ∑26PFAS into the recipient. This shows that conventional WWTPs are inefficient in removing PFAS from wastewater and sludge, so advanced treatment techniques are needed.
Sewage sludge
Industrial wastewater treatment
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In this review, considering the problems existing in wastewater treatment plants using fix-time strategy, the feasibilities of dissolved oxygen (DO), oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and pH value used as real-time control parameters were analyzed according to the reaction mechanism of wastewater bio-treatment. The results showed that the changes of DO, ORP and pH could indirectly express the situation of COD, N and P removal during wastewater treatment. So theoretically, the DO, ORP and pH used as real-time control parameters could control wastewater treatment process. On the basis of this, the application of DO, ORP and pH as real-time control parameters in wastewater treatment is summarized, and the problems in this research fields were reviewed.This paper points out that the applied fundamental research of real-time control in wastewater treatment should be strengthened and this process should be combined with intelligent control in order to make wastewater treatment automatized. Ref 27
Real-time Control System
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An efficient wastewater treatment is one of the key points in the environmental protection both due to growing amounts of wastewater and associated biological risks. Wastewater treatment is a complex and time-consuming process; however, despite a significant number of studies in this area, the problem of maximizing wastewater treatment has not been fully resolved yet.
For the best wastewater treatment, researchers often experiment with the combined use of different treatment methods, but a highly efficient treatment of petroleum-containing wastewater is still an urgent task.
One of the most efficient and safe ways to treat wastewater is phytoremediation involving the use of green plants to absorb various pollutants. Oxidation using hydroxyl radicals, which are involved in the natural processes of water self-purification, is a promising solution for treatment of wastewater with a high content of organic compounds, including petroleum-containing effluents.
Wastewater treatment is a complex and time-consuming process; however, despite a significant number of studies in this area, the problem of maximizing wastewater treatment
In this paper, we suggest a two-stage technology for treatment of wastewater with a high content of organic compounds using green plants and oxidation process. For the first stage, we have analyzed the phytoremediation method and selected the most effective plants in the treatment of wastewater under consideration. For the second stage, we have analyzed the Fenton's process, based on which we have selected the optimal ratio and concentration of oxidizer and catalyst. We have assessed the wastewater treatment efficiency using the suggested two-stage treatment technology in terms of the chemical oxygen demand (COD), which was 83.9 %.
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