Serum osmolality measured in fingertip capillary blood is comparable to serum osmolality measured in venous blood
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Abstract:
Blood osmolality is considered the gold standard hydration assessment, but has limited application for technical and invasive reasons. Paired antecubital-venous blood and fingertip-capillary blood were collected pre- and 30 min post-drinking 600 mL water in 55 male/female participants. No bias (0.2 mOsmo/kg, limits of agreement = -2.5 to 2.8 mOsmo/kg) was found between sampling methods, with high linear correlation (Spearman'sKeywords:
Venous blood
Blood sampling
Gold standard (test)
Plasma osmolality
Objective It was aimed to objectively evaluate the effects of using disposable automatic venous hemostix and syringe blood sampling on blood rheology. Methods 30 patients who suffering from different diseases and needed to have blood rheology tested were enrolled in our study. Each patient had two venous blood samplings randomly, one with a disposable automatic venous blood sampler and the other with syringe injection. The parameters of high shear and low shear whole blood viscosity (200/s and 3/s), plasma viscosity, hematocrit and fibrinogen were determined. Results The parameters of low shear whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity were significantly higher ( P 0. 05 ) with syringe injection compared with disposable automatic venous blood sampler sampling. Conclusion The effect of using a disposable automatic venous blood sampler on blood rheology was smaller than that of syringe injection,and we suggest popularizing it as a substitute of injection for blood sampling.
Blood sampling
Venous blood
Syringe driver
Hemorheology
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<i>Objective: </i>In intensive-care unit (ICU) patients it is common practice to sample blood from central venous lines (CVL). This study was designed to answer the question on how much blood has to be aspirated through the CVL before the actual blood sample is taken to get accurate laboratory findings. <i>Design and Setting: </i>Simultaneous blood samples from a peripheral vein (intraindividual control) and 5-ml portions from a CVL up to 25 ml were analyzed. <i>Patients: </i>5 patients of an internal ICU participated in the study. <i>Results: </i>For the analyzed 24 different parameters it could be shown that after aspirating 10 ml of blood, the results are comparable to analyses from peripheral vein samples. <i>Conclusions: </i>Although blood sampling from a CVL – after aspiration of 10 ml blood – results in correct laboratory analyses, this procedure leads to a greater amount of blood loss and, hence, cannot be recommended in long-term ICU treatment.
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We propose an equation derived from Fick's laws and Lin's concept of effective blood concentration to calculate the blood concentration of inhaled anesthetics in mixed venous blood (MVBC) without direct blood sampling. We investigated the relationship between the calculated concentrations and the actual blood sample concentrations in mixed venous blood of patients undergoing cardiac surgery during isoflurane anesthesia in this study. Sixteen patients were recruited for Experiment 1. At different time points, pulmonary arterial blood samples were collected for gas chromatography/mass spectrometric determination via the pulmonary artery catheter: these samples represented the actual concentrations. The inspired and expired concentrations of isoflurane measured by a gas monitor were used for the MVBC calculations. Lin's effective blood concentration method was also used, and the obtained results were then compared with MVBC. Studies were conducted on 11 additional patients (Experiment 2) to confirm the results obtained from Experiment 1. The MVBC and the actual blood concentrations showed a similar kinetic pattern and level during anesthesia and had high correlation coefficients within subjects. We have demonstrated that MVBC could represent the actual pulmonary blood concentrations of isoflurane during cardiac surgery. The results suggest that MVBC could be a useful method of estimating the real-time pulmonary blood concentration of isoflurane. The clinical significance and importance of the method merit further investigation.
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Blood osmolality is considered the gold standard hydration assessment, but has limited application for technical and invasive reasons. Paired antecubital-venous blood and fingertip-capillary blood were collected pre- and 30 min post-drinking 600 mL water in 55 male/female participants. No bias (0.2 mOsmo/kg, limits of agreement = -2.5 to 2.8 mOsmo/kg) was found between sampling methods, with high linear correlation (Spearman's
Venous blood
Blood sampling
Gold standard (test)
Plasma osmolality
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The immunosuppressive drug ciclosporin A has a narrow therapeutic window and a large inter- and intraindividual pharmacokinetic variability. Therapeutic drug monitoring of ciclosporin is usually performed in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid blood, obtained by venous sampling. Dried blood spot sampling (DBS) could be a useful alternative sampling method, which also easily allows multiple sampling, for example, for obtaining area under the curve. With DBS, capillary blood is obtained from a finger prick with an automatic lancet by the patients themselves, and the drop of blood is applied to sampling paper. This may limit the number and duration of hospital visits for these patients.We describe a validation study in which venous and finger prick blood samples were collected at the same time. Venous sampling was performed by venipuncture, and the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid blood samples were collected and stored at 4°C until analysis. Finger prick blood samples were collected using an automatic lancing device. The volume of the blood drops of patients was approximately 30 μL, and blood spots of about 10-mm diameter were produced. Paper disks with a diameter of 8 mm were punched out with an electromagnetic-driven hole puncher. DBS was compared with the routine assay in venous blood. The study population consisted of adult patients (18 years or older) who were treated with ciclosporin A and routinely monitored for adequate blood concentrations.Thirty-eight duplicate dried blood spots and venous samples were studied. Using weighted Deming regression, the slope was 1.01 with a standard error of 0.03 associated with an intercept of -9.0 (standard error = 5.9). These results indicate that there is no significant difference between the 2 sampling methods. For the medical decision level of 300 mcg/L, the bias was -4.7 mcg/L with a 95% confidence interval of -19.2 to 9.8 mcg/L. The Altman-Bland plot showed no difference between the 2 sampling methods.Our results demonstrate that DBS is a valid alternative for conventional venous sampling in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients.
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Venous blood
Ciclosporin
Dried blood spot
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
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The purpose of this study is validation of calibrating a standard input function in autoradiography (ARG) method by one point venous blood sampling as a substitute for that by one point arterial blood sampling. Ten and 20 minutes after intravenous constant infusion of 123I-IMP, arterialized venous blood sampling from a dorsal vein were performed on 15 patients having ischemic cerebrovascular disease. And arterial blood sampling from radial artery was performed 10 min after 123I-IMP infusion. The mean difference rates of integrated input function between calibrated standard input function by arterial blood sampling at 10 min and that by venous blood sampling were 4.1 +/- 3% and 9.3 +/- 5.4% at 10 and 20 min after 123I-IMP infusion, respectively. The ratio of venous blood radioactivity to arterial blood radioactivity at 10 min after 123I-IMP infusion was 0.96 +/- 0.02. There was an excellent correlation between ARG method CBF values obtained by arterial blood sampling at 10 min and those obtained by arterialized venous blood sampling at 10 min. In conclusion, a substitution by arterialized venous blood sampling from dorsal hand vein for artery can be possible. The optimized time for arterialized venous blood sampling was 10 min after 123I-IMP infusion.
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Abstract Background & objective Infants undergo painful procedures while receiving care and treatment. Blood sampling is the most common painful procedure for infants. Pain control plays a significant role in preventing unwanted physical and psychological effects. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of concurrent use of swaddle and sucrose taste on the pain intensity during venous blood sampling in neonates. Methods In this clinical trial study, 60 infants admitted to the neonatal ward of Amirkola Hospital were randomly divided into four groups of 15 patients. In the first group, the infants were swaddled before blood sampling. In the second group, sucrose was administered to infants. In the third group, the neonates were swaddled and given sucrose simultaneously, and in the fourth group (control), blood sampling was performed routinely. PIPP pain scale and demographic questionnaire were used to collect the data. Data analysis was performed using SPSS23. Results The results showed a significant difference between the mean pain intensity in neonates in the sucrose-swaddle group (4.53 ± 1.30) and the sucrose (7.73 ± 2.73), swaddle (9.86 ± 33.33), and control (12.13 ± 2.06) groups during blood sampling ( P < 0.001). Besides, after blood sampling, there was a significant difference between the mean pain intensity in neonates in the sucrose-swaddle group (4.33 ± 1.23) and the sucrose (8.13 ± 2.66), swaddle (7.73 ± 2.78), and control (10.00. ± 1.96) groups ( P < 0.001). Conclusion The present study showed that pain severity during and after venous blood sampling was lower in the swaddle-sucrose group than in other groups. Therefore, it is recommended that the combined method of swaddle-sucrose be used in infants as a better pain reliever when intravenous blood sampling is performed.
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What is the central question of this study? Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an important obesity/diabetes target, with effects dependent on circulating GLP-1 concentrations. Peripheral tissues extract GLP-1; therefore, sampling venous versus arterialized blood might provide different GLP-1 concentrations. This study examined whether arterialization alters GLP-1 concentrations during fasting and feeding. What is the main finding and its importance? This study demonstrates that venous blood provides lower postprandial but not fasting GLP-1 concentrations versus arterialized blood. Therefore, when accurate assessment of postprandial peripheral availability of GLP-1 is required, blood sampling methods should be considered carefully, reported clearly, and arterialization is recommended.Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) displays concentration-dependent effects on metabolism, appetite and angiogenesis; therefore, accurate determination of circulating GLP-1 concentrations is important. In this study, we compared GLP-1 concentrations in venous versus arterialized blood in both fasted and fed conditions. Venous and arterialized blood samples were obtained simultaneously from 10 young, healthy men before and 30, 60 and 120 min after ingestion of 75 g glucose. Plasma GLP-1 concentrations increased in response to glucose ingestion (time effect, P < 0.01) and to a lesser extent in venous versus arterialized plasma (time × arterialization interaction, P < 0.01). Accordingly, the plasma incremental area under the curve was lower in venous versus arterialized plasma (974 ± 88 versus 1214 ± 115 pmol l (120 min)-1 , respectively, P = 0.049). In the postprandial state, there was a positive relationship between arterialized GLP-1 concentrations and the venous-arterialized difference in GLP-1 concentrations (r2 = 0.51; P < 0.01). Both arterialized and venous peak GLP-1 concentrations showed positive relationships with peak arterialized insulin concentrations (both r2 > 0.6, P < 0.01). Venous sampling results in lower concentrations of GLP-1 in the postprandial but not the fasted state compared with arterialized blood. This absolute difference is biologically meaningful and is magnified when GLP-1 availability is high. Therefore, sampling from arterialized blood may provide a better chance of detecting small differences in postprandial GLP-1 availability with interventions. If absolute GLP-1 concentrations are of interest, the blood sampling method should be considered carefully and reported clearly.
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Accurate arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis is essential in the management of patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure, but repeated sampling requires technical expertise and is painful. Missed sampling is common and has a negative impact on patient care. A newer venous to arterial conversion method (v-TAC, Roche) uses mathematical models of acid-base chemistry, a venous blood gas sample and peripheral blood oxygen saturation to calculate arterial acid-base status. It has the potential to replace routine ABG sampling for selected patient cohorts. The aim of this study was to compare v-TAC with ABG, capillary and venous sampling in a patient cohort referred to start non-invasive ventilation (NIV).
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