Scents and sensibility: Best practice in insect olfactometer bioassays
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Abstract Olfactometers have been used for more than 100 years and are integral to experimental chemical ecology. Studies utilising olfactometer bioassays form the foundation for understanding the behavioural responses of invertebrates to chemical stimuli under standardised laboratory conditions. Widely used olfactometry apparatuses include two‐arm olfactometers for binary responses through to four‐ and six‐arm arenas to evaluate more complex behaviours. Despite its prevalence in chemical ecology studies, there has never been a review of experimental best practice in olfactometry. This review critically evaluates both olfactometry methods and applications as well as experimental design and analysis. We aim to outline a standard of good practice to improve experimental design and reporting for studies involving olfactometry, thereby establishing a reference guide to build a robust experimental workflow for olfactometry bioassays.Keywords:
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Abstract Olfactometers have been used for more than 100 years and are integral to experimental chemical ecology. Studies utilising olfactometer bioassays form the foundation for understanding the behavioural responses of invertebrates to chemical stimuli under standardised laboratory conditions. Widely used olfactometry apparatuses include two‐arm olfactometers for binary responses through to four‐ and six‐arm arenas to evaluate more complex behaviours. Despite its prevalence in chemical ecology studies, there has never been a review of experimental best practice in olfactometry. This review critically evaluates both olfactometry methods and applications as well as experimental design and analysis. We aim to outline a standard of good practice to improve experimental design and reporting for studies involving olfactometry, thereby establishing a reference guide to build a robust experimental workflow for olfactometry bioassays.
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This study was conducted to evaluate the dilution accuracy of the dynamic olfactometer made in Republic of Korea and analyze the correlation of odor levels from the olfactometry method and Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS). The evaluation of dilution accuracy using CH₄ standard gas for the dynamic olfactometer at lower dilution ratios of 3, 10, 30, 100 and 300, and at higher dilution ratios of 100, 300, 1000, 3000 and 10000 showed the relative errors of 1.48~3.40% and 2.06~4.76% respectively showing a good dilution accuracy. Twenty odor samples from the stacks of odor-monitoring factories in the industrial complex located at the western coastal area of ROK were analyzed with the dynamic olfactometer for complex odor and LC/MS for five types of aldehydes, and a very weak correlation of R² = 0.1276 between OU(Odor Unit) from the olfactometer data and SOQ (Summation of Odor Quotient) from LCjMS data was obtained. Because of the complexity of the odor composition, using concentration of single or group of gases to represent odor level has not been proved to fully estimate the presence or level of odors. Therefore, the dynamic olfactometry which has a good dilution accuracy and a standardized odor evaluation system is considered as a very resonable method to assess complex odor.
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The Jet Stream Olfactometer (JSO), a newly developed smell stimulus device, is designed to reduce odor contamination that can occur with T & T olfactometry. The detection and recognition thresholds measured by JSO and T & T olfactometry using three odorants are highly correlated. We assessed the clinical usefulness of JSO using five odorants commonly used in standard olfactory examinations in Japan. Subjects were 354 normal and 356 olfactory-disturbed patients. No significant difference in detection or recognition threshold was seen between JSO and T & T olfactometry for either group, indicating that the JSO is effective in olfactory threshold testing and provides an alternative to T & T olfactometry.
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This essay mainly introduced the advantage of olfactometry measurement method in odour determination,comparing to instrument analysis method.The comparative study was done between triangle odour bag method and dynamic olfactometer method in odour concentration determination,including principle,panel scenting, average detection threshold,equipment's performance,measured parameters and so on.
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The aim of this work is to establish a Dynamic Dilution olfactometer based on GB. The triangle odor bag method is described and used in the design of Dynamic Dilution olfactometer. In this paper, we provide detailed instructions for construction of an air dilution olfactometer capable of generating neat odorants and binary mixtures at a range of known concentration. The Computerized Dynamic Olfactometer can realize with 9 dilution levels and dilution ratios 10 to 100,000. The central part is mass flow meter, integrated LabVIEW platform with Microsoft® Access database. The olfactometer can provide instantaneous data analysis and reporting. Computerized Dynamic Olfactometer is fully computerized and conforms to the GB standard for olfactometry and valuable in practical applications.
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A novel field olfactometer, Scentroid SM110 (IDES Canada Inc., 2012), based on a new technology, has been tested in comparison with another portable olfactometer, Nasal Ranger (St. Croix Sensory Inc., 2003). Responses of both devices during a measurement campaign were compared with odour predicted values by a dispersion model and with chemical data of emission marker’s analysis. The measurement test was performed in an anaerobic digestion plant located near Vicenza (Italy) and one typical odour source was a biofilter with an emission of 350 ouE/m 3 . The objective of this study is to compare different techniques (field olfactometry, marker’s analysis, dispersion model) for assessing the concentration of odour in ambient air. The analysis of results shows a clear and measurable influence of background odour in ambient air, resulting in higher odour levels when measured using field olfactometry than is predicted using chemical analysis or dispersion modeling. Furthermore, a good agreement was found between chemical data and predicted values from CALPUFF dispersion model.
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A new olfactometer is described, the main features of which are: 1) Exact and constant concentration of the odorous substances. 2) Stimulation in quite natural conditions, by means of free respiration. 3) Possibility of changing the odorous stimulus during the interval between one inspiration and the following one. 4) Possibility of performing mono- or bi-rhinal olfactometry, and moreover homo- or hetero-olfactometry by means of a face-piece which separates the two nares. 5) Possibility of performing at the same time olfactometry and rhinomanometry. The olfactometer is fulfilled by manifold apparatuses and devices which are extensively described.
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