Systematic Meta-Analysis of Computer-Aided Detection to Detect Early Esophageal Cancer using Hyperspectral Imaging
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Abstract:
One of the leading causes of cancer deaths is esophageal cancer (EC) because identifying it in early stage is challenging. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) could detect the early stages of EC have been developed in recent years. Therefore, in this study, complete meta-analysis of selected studies that only uses hyperspectral imaging to detect EC is evaluated in terms of their diagnostic test accuracy (DTA). Eight studies are chosen based on the Quadas-2 tool results for systematic DTA analysis, and each of the methods developed in these studies is classified based on the nationality of the data, artificial intelligence, the type of image, the type of cancer detected, and the year of publishing. Deeks’ funnel plot, forest plot, and accuracy charts were made. The methods studied in these articles show the automatic diagnosis of EC has a high accuracy, but external validation, which is a prerequisite for real-time clinical applications, is lacking.Keywords:
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Objective
To systematically review the relationship between arsenic exposure through drinking water and human cancer risk.
Methods
China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP Database, WanFang Data, China Biology Medicine Disc (CBM), PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library were searched through computer to find out the relationship between arsenic exposure and tumorigenesis. The search period was from January 1, 1997 to January 1, 2017. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3. The heterogeneity of the literatures that met the inclusion criteria was examined, and analysis was performed by using fixed effect model or random effect model. OR and 95%CI were calculated, the publication bias was evaluated by inverted funnel plot, and sensitivity analysis was performed.
Results
Totally 14 literatures entered into this study, 13 927 people in arsenic exposure group, 5 720 people in control group. The meta-analysis showed that, 14 literatures were homogeneous through the heterogeneity test, and was analyzed in the fixed effect model with OR (95%CI)= 1.20 (1.09, 1.33), which suggested that the risk of cancer in the arsenic exposure group was 1.20 times higher than that in control group. Inverted funnel plot was basically symmetrical, literatures publication bias was small; the result was more reliable by sensitivity analysis.
Conclusion
Arsenic exposure through drinking water may be a risk factor of tumor.
Key words:
Arsenic; Drinking water; Tumor; Meta-analysis
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Objective Vasovagal reaction (VVR) is an adverse reaction to blood donation. Applied muscle tension (AMT) has been reported to reduce the probability of VVR during blood donation; however, the results have been controversial. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the effect of AMT in reducing VVR. Methods We searched six major databases using “applied muscle tension” and “blood donation-related vasovagal response” as keywords. Relevant articles published in English or Chinese between 1 January 2000 and 30 June 2021 were included in the analysis. The quality of the included articles was evaluated and publication bias was assessed by forest and funnel plots and by Egger's test. Results Fifty-one articles were identified, of which six were included according to the pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A fixed-effects model was adopted for effect size combination and revealed a relative risk of 0.52 (95% confidence interval 0.40 to 0.67). The AMT group was superior to the control in terms of VVR prevention. A funnel plot and Egger's test suggested that the findings were accurate and reliable with low publication bias. Conclusion AMT could effectively reduce VVR during blood donation. Further multicenter studies with large sample sizes are needed to confirm these results.
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The purpose of this review was to identify the prevalence of major depression in individuals with type 2 diabetes by means of a systematic review and meta-analysis. An electronic search was conducted for relevant studies published from January 1988 to December 2014. Cross-sectional and case-control studies in adults that evaluated the prevalence of major depression in individuals with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus were included. Meta-regression and sensitivity analyses were used to identify the sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot and Egger’s test. After the selection process, 18 cross-sectional and four case-control studies were included in the meta-analysis. In total, the occurrence of major depression was investigated in 5554 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. The prevalence of major depression varied from 6.67% (95% CI: 4.54% - 9.38%) to 55.38% (95% CI: 42.53% - 67.73%), with an overall average of 21.13% (95% CI: 15.80% -27.66%). In American continents, the prevalence was 20.83% (95% CI: 13.12% -31.43%; I²=96.8%), and in Europe it was 18.00% (95% CI: 8.58% -33.91%; I²=93.8%). Both were lower than the rate in Asia, which was 23.49% (95% CI: 15.63% -33.74%; I²=90.8%). Meta-regression analysis found no evidence that the analyzed cofactors represented the cause of the heterogeneity seen. The approximately symmetrical distribution of the points in Funnel Plot suggests an absence of publication bias that was confirmed by Egger's test (p=0.2345). Based on the data collected, we can infer that the prevalence of major depression in individuals with type 2 diabetes was high, independent of geographic location.
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Objective: Passive smoking has been considered as a risk factor of many cancers. To examine whether it might also pose a risk for cervical cancer, we performed a meta-analysis based on published case-control studies. Methods: We searched the PubMed database and references of included studies up to February 10th, 2012 for relevant studies. After two authors independently assessed the methodological quality and extracted data, a meta-analysis was conducted using CMA v2 software. Publication bias was evaluated by funnel plot, using Egger's and Begg's tests. Results: Finally 11 eligible studies yielded, involving 3,230 cases and 2,982 controls. The results showed that women who never smoke but exposed to smoking experience a 73% increase in risk of cervical cancer compared with non-exposed women (OR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.35 - 2.21, p<0.001). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses indicated this result to be robust. Moderate publication bias was detected by visualing funnel plot, Egger's and Begg's tests. Conclusion: Based on currently available evidence, the findings of this meta-analysis suggests that passive smoking significantly and independently increases the risk of cervical cancer.
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Objective: To explore the relationship between daily tea intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Methods: PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, CNKI, and Wanfang Database were searched to collect research on tea intake and CVD mortality. The search period was from the establishment of the database to June 2020. Two researchers independently screened and extracted literature. The risk of bias was evaluated in the included studies, a dose-response meta-analysis was conducted, sensitivity analysis and publication bias analysis of the research results, and quality evaluation of the included literature and GRADE classification of the evidence body were performed. Results: A total of 21 cohort or case-control studies were included, including 1 304 978 subjects. Among them, 38 222 deaths from CVD were reported. The quality scores of the included studies were all ≥ 6 points. The dose-response meta-analysis showed that for every additional cup of tea intake per day, the mortality rate of CVD decreased by about 3% (95%CI 0.95-0.98, P<0.05), and there was a non-linear dose-response relationship (P<0.05). Compared with people who do not drink tea, people who drink 1 to 8 cups of tea a day have 8% lower CVD mortality (RR=0.92, 95%CI 0.89-0.95), 13% (RR=0.87, 95 %CI 0.84-0.91), 15% (RR=0.85, 95%CI 0.82-0.89), 15% (RR=0.85, 95%CI 0.81-0.89), 16% (RR=0.84, 95%CI 0.80-0.89), 16% (RR=0.84, 95%CI 0.81-0.88), 16% (RR=0.84, 95%CI 0.81-0.87), 16% (RR=0.84, 95%CI 0.80-0.88), respectively. The results of traditional meta-analysis showed that compared with people who do not drink tea, people who drink more than 1 cup of tea a day are associated with 14% lower CVD mortality rate (RR=0.86, 95%CI 0.81-0.91, I2=73.2%, P<0.05). The results of subgroup analysis showed that compared with the corresponding people who did not drink tea, men who drank more than 1 cup of tea a day reduced the CVD mortality rate by 24%, women by 14%, European and American populations by 12%, and Asian populations by 15%. The population who consumed green tea decreased CVD mortality by 15%, and the population of non-smokers decreased CVD mortality by 20% (all P<0.05). The population who consumed black tea decreased CVD mortality by 8%, and the smoking population who consumed black tea decreased CVD mortality by 3%, and the difference was not statistically significant (all P>0.05). The results of the bias analysis showed that Begg=0.42 and Egger=0.62, indicating that the distribution on both sides of the funnel chart is symmetrical, suggesting that there is no publication bias. The results of sensitivity analysis showed that the effect size of the outcome index did not change significantly after excluding any article, indicating that the results are robust and credible. The GRADE evaluation showed that the evidence grades of the outcome indicators were all low grade. Conclusions: Daily tea consumption is related to reduced CVD mortality. It is therefore recommended to drink an appropriate amount of tea daily.目的： 探讨茶每日摄入量与心血管疾病（CVD）死亡率的关系。 方法： 检索PubMed、EMbase、The Cochrane、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网和万方数据库，搜集有关茶摄入量与CVD死亡率的相关研究，检索时限均从建库至2020年6月。由2名研究者独立筛选、提取文献。评价纳入研究的偏倚风险，进行剂量-反应荟萃分析，对研究结果进行敏感性分析和发表偏倚分析，并对结局指标进行证据体的GRADE分级。 结果： 共纳入21篇队列或病例对照研究，包括1 304 978名受试者，其中CVD死亡人数为38 222例，纳入研究质量评分均≥6分。剂量-反应荟萃分析结果显示，茶摄入量每天每增加1杯CVD死亡率下降约3%（95%CI 0.95~0.98，P<0.05），且存在一种非线性剂量反应关系（P<0.05）；与不喝茶的人群相比较，每天喝1~8杯茶的人群的CVD死亡率分别降低8%（RR=0.92，95%CI 0.89~0.95），13%（RR=0.87，95%CI 0.84~0.91），15%（RR=0.85，95%CI 0.82~0.89），15%（RR=0.85，95%CI 0.81~0.89），16%（RR=0.84，95%CI 0.80~0.89），16%（RR=0.84，95%CI 0.81~0.88），16%（RR=0.84，95%CI 0.81~0.87），16%（RR=0.84，95%CI 0.80~0.88）。传统荟萃分析结果显示，与不喝茶的人群相比，每天喝茶大于1杯的人群CVD死亡率可以降低14%（RR=0.86，95%CI 0.81~0.91，I2=73.2%，P<0.05）。亚组分析结果显示，与相对应的不喝茶的人群相比，每天喝茶大于1杯的男性CVD死亡率降低24%，女性降低14%，欧美人群降低12%，亚洲人群降低15%，饮用绿茶的人群降低15%，不吸烟人群降低20%，差异均具有统计学意义（P均<0.05）；饮用红茶的人群降低8%，吸烟人群降低3%，差异无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。偏倚分析结果显示Begg=0.42，Egger=0.62，表明漏斗图两侧分布对称，提示不存在发表偏倚。敏感性分析结果显示排除任何一篇文献结局指标效应量未发生明显变化，表明结果稳健可信。GRADE评价显示结局指标的证据分级均为低等级别。 结论： 每日饮用茶水能够降低CVD死亡率，推荐每天饮用适量茶水。.
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To determine whether alcohol consumption is associated with the risk of periodontitis.Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines.PubMed and Scopus were searched for eligible articles published in English from inception till November 2018. The quality of studies was assessed by the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for the risk of periodontitis associated with highest versus lowest/non-alcohol in a random effects meta-analysis model. Heterogeneity and sensitivity were investigated in meta regression analysis. A funnel plot was used to assess publication bias.Twenty-nine observational studies were included. One study with two separate datasets was considered as two separate studies for analysis. Alcohol consumption was significantly associated with the presence of periodontitis (OR = 1.26, 95% CI= 1.11-1.41). Significant heterogeneity (I2=71%) was present in the overall analysis, primarily attributable to sampling cross-sectional studies (I2=76.6%). A funnel plot and Egger tests (p=0.0001) suggested the presence of publication bias.Alcohol consumption was associated with increased occurrence of periodontitis and should be considered as a parameter in periodontal risk assessment. Publication bias should be explored in future studies.
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Effective obesity interventions in adolescent populations have been identified as an immediate priority action to stem the increasing prevalence of adult obesity. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to make a quantitative analysis of the impact of school-based interventions on body mass index during adolescence. Studies were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Web of Science databases. Results were pooled using a random-effects model with 95% confidence interval considered statistically significant. Of the 18 798 possible relevant articles identified, 12 articles were included in this meta-analysis. The global result showed a low magnitude effect, though it was statistically significant (N = 14 428), global e.s. = -0.055, P = 0.004 (95% CI = -0.092, -0.017). Heterogeneity was low among the studies (I2 = 9.017%). The funnel plot showed no evidence of publication bias. The rank-correlation test of Begg (P = 0.45641) and Egger's regression (P = 0.19459) confirmed the absence of bias. This meta-analysis reported a significant effect favoring the interventions; however, future research are needed since the reported the evidence was of low magnitude, with the studies following a substantial range of approaches and mostly had a modest methodological quality.
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Background The evidence for association between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is inconsistent in the literature. Therefore, this meta-analysis was conducted to clarify this association. Methods A literature search was conducted in electronic databases for English- and Chinese-language publications until March 31, 2017 to include eligible case-control studies. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated to determine the association between EBV infection and OSCC risk using a fixed- or random-effects model based on heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plot analysis. Results A total of 13 case-control studies with 686 OSCC patients and 433 controls were included based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The pooled OR with 95% CI between EBV infection and OSCC risk was 5.03 (1.80–14.01) with significant heterogeneity observed (I2 = 87%). The subgroup analysis indicates that the year of publication, study location, economic level, sample size, tissue type, detection method and marker, control type, and language might explain potential sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias was not observed, and sensitivity analysis showed stable results. Conclusions The results of the current meta-analysis suggest that EBV infection is statistically associated with increased risk of OSCC. However, additional high-quality studies with larger sample sizes are needed to further confirm the relationship between EBV and OSCC.
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