Passive Smoking and Cervical Cancer Risk: A Meta-analysis Based on 3,230 Cases and 2,982 Controls
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Objective: Passive smoking has been considered as a risk factor of many cancers. To examine whether it might also pose a risk for cervical cancer, we performed a meta-analysis based on published case-control studies. Methods: We searched the PubMed database and references of included studies up to February 10th, 2012 for relevant studies. After two authors independently assessed the methodological quality and extracted data, a meta-analysis was conducted using CMA v2 software. Publication bias was evaluated by funnel plot, using Egger's and Begg's tests. Results: Finally 11 eligible studies yielded, involving 3,230 cases and 2,982 controls. The results showed that women who never smoke but exposed to smoking experience a 73% increase in risk of cervical cancer compared with non-exposed women (OR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.35 - 2.21, p<0.001). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses indicated this result to be robust. Moderate publication bias was detected by visualing funnel plot, Egger's and Begg's tests. Conclusion: Based on currently available evidence, the findings of this meta-analysis suggests that passive smoking significantly and independently increases the risk of cervical cancer.Keywords:
Passive smoking
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To fund out the state of passive smoking of non-smoking women and search for measures of controlling women passive smoking.3500 non-smoking women in Beijing, Shanghai, Chengdu city were interviewed. Analyses were performed by chi2 test Fisher test and ANOVA test.92.7% passive smoking women exposure to ETS at home, 40.8% at workplace. 38.9% exposed to ETS from birthday, and 42.3% from 18 - 30 age. The average exposure time of passive smoking is (1.17 +/- 1.10) hours per day. The proportion of passive-smoking time over 2 hours at home is higher than work place. In passive-smoking group, the proportion of 30 - 50 age group, secondary education, married, merchant/service, principal of units, and manufacture/transport workers were higher than non-smoking group. 97.5% think that passive smoking is harmful to health, and the proportion of thinking passive smoking has severe harm to health in non-passive-smoking group is higher than passive-smoking group. 70.0% open windows when someone smokes around her, but only 16.9% ask the smokers do not smoke around her forwardly. Suppose that someone were smoking around yourself, the consciousness of avoiding passive smoking forwardly in non-passive-smoking group is stronger than passive-smoking group. 95.1% believe the content of smoking-harm propagandized by medium.The main places of controlling passive smoking are the home and the department, commerce, service, and manufacture/ transport workplace. The rate of passive smoking was influenced by the consciousness of the serious level of harms by passive smoking. Propagandizing the serious harm of passive smoking by medium and strengthening the consciousness of avoiding passive smoking were one of feasible measures to lower the rate of smoking and passive smoking.
Passive smoking
Cross-sectional study
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Objective To investigate the knowledge about passive smoking and its influence factors among early pregnancy women in Shanghai and to analyze the relationship between the knowledge and behavior of passive smoking,and to provide evidences for implementation of effective intervention on passive smoking in the population. Methods A questionnaire-based survey was conducted in 3 729 eligible pregnant women from May 2011 through May 2012. The relationship between knowledge and behavior of passive smoking was analyzed using Chi-square test and the influencing factors of passive smoking knowledge were analyzed using logistic regression. Results Totally 3 274 valid questionnaires were collected. The passive smoking rate in the participants was 44. 7%. The awareness rate of diseases associated with passive smoking was 67. 5%. Of the participants,94. 5% knewthat smoking or passive smoking might cause lung cancer,but the awareness rates of other diseases associated with passive smoking were low( 77. 9% for emphysema,75. 5% for aging,54. 4% for heart disease,54. 2% for stroke,and 48. 7% for asynodia,respectively). The awareness rate of adverse effects of passive smoking on pregnant women was 64. 2%. No significant association was found between passive smoking knowledge and the passive smoking behavior. Among the participants,employment was a main influencing factor of knowledge about passive smoking and the employed pregnant women had higher awareness rates for associations of smoking or passive smoking with diseases and adverse effect of passive smoking on pregnant women than those without employment,with the odds ratio of 1. 399 and 1. 276. Conclusion Health education on passive smoking needs to be improved and the unemployed women is a key population for intervention on passive smoking among pregnant women in Shanghai.
Passive smoking
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Meta-regression
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Passive smoking, or environmental tobacco smoke, is a causative factor in cardiovascular disease. A 30-minute passive smoking exposure was found to affect coronary flow velocity reserve in nonsmokers, indicating endothelial dysfunction in coronary circulation. This article summarizes empirical work on passive smoking and heart disease. Clinically relevant findings include a dose-response relationship between passive smoking exposure and heart disease and partial reversibility of physical effects after eliminating passive smoking exposure. Appropriate assessment of passive smoking exposure in a variety of settings is warranted, as well as recommendations to avoid such exposure. Policy-based public health initiatives to eliminate passive smoking in the workplace and other public areas are needed.
Passive smoking
Tobacco smoke
Affect
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Objective:To understand the exposure,knowledge,attitudes and behaviors of passive among no women,and the influence of passive on their health.and to improve their consciousness of the hazard related to passive smoking.Methods:A questionnaire survey was carried out with stratified random sampling among 1000 no women of urban residents elder than or equal to 15 years old.Results:The rate of passive was 81.4% among no women in Chengdu city,the age of the first passive was mainly below ten years old(52.0%),the main passive place was at home or simultaneously at home,at the work place and in vehicles(49.9%).Passive smokers were mainly women who married and beyond 30 years old.97.0% of no women knew the injurant in fog,98.2% thought it was doing harm to her health if around her.The rate of women who thought smoker was more susceptible to much phlegm.tracheitis,lung cancer and asthma was 81.4%、83.4%、79.9%、64.4% respectively.90% disagreed on smoking only effect my health too many years later so don't careor I will enjoy whether harmful or not,most women actively took measures to avlidpassive smoking,they opened windows when someone were at home or colleague were smoking,and even dissuaded them from smoking.15 diseases probably related to passive were analyzed through conditional logistic regression model,there was no difference between the passive group and no passive group(P0.05),but the group with the dose of passive more than 18(hours×years)significantly increased the risk of chronic bronchitis as compared with the group below 18(hours×years)(OR=2.128,95% CI:1.077-4.206).There was no difference in the incidence of other diseases between above two group,such as asthma,phthisis,emphysema,cardiophathy,lung-heart grouble,digestive ulcer,diabetes,hypertension,nephropathy,hepatocirrhosis,chronic hepatitis,tympanitis,optic-herve,cancer and self-thought health status.Conclusions:The rate of passive for non women was high in Chengdu,but their understanding level about the hazard of passive was very high.And the influence of passive on women health need more study.
Passive smoking
Cross-sectional study
Health hazard
Questionnaire
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Depression
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Aim:To study the relationship between passive tobacco smoking and the children's health.Methods:A questionnaire was carried out among 496 parents,whose children were ages of 2 to 6 years in Huli District of Xiamen city.Results:The rate of passive tobacco smoking exposure of children in family was 59.27%.And the incidences of respiratory tract infection,dentes cariosus and inattention were found to be 69.9%,56.5%and 30.1%respectively in children of the passive tobacco smoking group,which were significantly higher than those of the non-passive smoking group(P0.01);The average height of the passive tobacco smoking children whose mothers were also passive tobacco smoking during pregnancy was significantly shorter than those of the non-passive smoking group(P0.01).Conclusion:Passive tobacco smoking exposure may pose negative impacts on children's health.
Passive smoking
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Meta-regression
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak
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Passive smoking
Tobacco smoke
Liver function
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