Efektivitas Ekstrak Spirulina platensis terhadap Jumlah Fibroblas pada Tikus yang Dilakukan Insisi pada Kulitnya
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Abstract:
Fibroblasts play a role in the wound healing process. The active compound content of Spirulina sp. has fibroblastic activity. The use of extracts from S. platensis can play a role in the wound healing process. To analyze the effectiveness of Spirulina platensis extract on the number of fibroblasts in rats that were incised in their skin. This study used a randomized post test only control group design. Forty-eight male Wistar rats were skin incised and infected with S.aureus divided into 4 groups, namely the group given S.platensis extract at a dose of 500 mg/kgBW/day, a dose of 750 mg/kgBW/day, the negative control group was given saline solution and positive control group with diclofenac 20 mg/kgBW orally. The number of fibroblasts was counted on histopathological examination of the wound tissue on the 7th and 14th days covering 5 visual fields. Data analysis was carried out with a one way ANOVA test and continued with the LSD Post Hoc Test. The mean number of fibroblasts on the 7th day in the 500 mg/kgBW/day group, 750 mg/kgBW/day, positive control and negative control was 13.33 ± 3.615; 117.42±3.980; 9.58±2.417; and 4.00 ± 1.761 with p 0.001. The number of fibroblasts on the 14th day in the 500 mg/kgBW/day, 750 mg/kgBW/day group, positive control and negative control was 16.17 ± 3.251; 19.67±1.633; 12.17±2.137; and 8.33 ± 2.317 with p 0.001. The post hoc test found that the number of fibroblasts on day 7 significantly increased in the 500 mg/kgBB/day S. platensis group compared to the positive and negative control groups. While at a dose of 750 mg/kg/day, the number of fibroblasts was higher than the positive and negative control groups after 14 days of treatment.Administration of Spirulina platensis extract at doses of 500 and 750 mg/kg/day significantly increased the number of fibroblasts in the incision wounds of Wistar rats.Keywords:
Spirulina (dietary supplement)
Negative control
Positive control
Physiological saline
Post hoc
Background: Cocoa bean (Theobroma cacao L.) contains flavonoid compounds. Flavonoids can prevent oxidation of LDL cholesterol, inhibit platelet activation and inhibit clot forming which lead to HDL level increase.
Objective: To determine the effectiveness of 70% ethanolic extract of cocoa bean (Theobroma cacao L.) on decreasing HDL cholesterol level in mice (Mus musculus).
Methods: This research is a laboratory experimental with pre and post test control group design. The subjects were 25 male mice Swiss Webster strain Mus musculus aged 2-3 months, weight 20-30 grams induced with hypercholesterolemic foods and PTU for 7 days. Subjects were divided into 5 groups: negative control group, positive control group (simvastatin 0,0364 mg/20grBW), treatment group 1 (0,196mg/20grBW), treatment group 2 (0,392mg/20grBW), treatment group 3 (combination of cocoa bean extract at dose of 0,392mg/20grBW and simvastatin 0,0182mg/20grBW). Measurements of HDL cholesterol were performed on day 7, day 14, and day 28. Data were analyzed using paired t test and one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc LSD test.
Results: The result of one-way ANOVA statistic test, we find that p=0,000 (p<0,05) which shows the significant difference of HDL levels in mice between groups. The results of post hoc LSD test between negative control with treatment 1 p= 0,015, negative control with treatment 2 p= 0,000, negative control with treatment 3 p= 0,000. The results of post hoc LSD test showed p<0,05 which determine significant differences among each group with the negative control group.
Conclusion: Cocoa bean (Theobroma cacao L.) extract can increase the HDL level of mice (Mus musculus) with doses I (0,196mg/20grBW), II (0,392mg/20grBW) and combination of cocoa bean extract (Theobroma cacao L.) at dose of 0,392mg/20grBW with simvastatin 0,0182mg/20grBW.
Theobroma
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Post-hoc analysis
Positive control
Negative control
Sterculiaceae
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Background : Cigarettes were sources of free radicals, if it taken into the body continuously body cells will undergo oxidative stress ended cell damage with no exception for liver cells. Damage to liver cells will lead to increased levels of AST and ALT.
Objective : This study was to determine differences in the levels of AST and ALT in rats (Rattus norvegicus) were given exposure to herbal and conventional cigarette.
Methodology : Experimental laboratory, study design with pretest-posttest control group design. Samples ware 18 male rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Negative control group, the conventional treatment group 1 cigarette smoke exposure and treatment 2 herbal cigarette smoke exposure. The results of each group were calculated using Oneway ANOVA and Post Hoc test continued.
Results : Based on the ANOVA test results obtained significant probability value, the value of the levels of SGPT and SGOT p = 0.00 p = 0.001 thus p <0.05 then the three groups have different levels of SGOT and SGPT significantly. Then the LSD test to compare each group showed ALT levels K - P1, K - P2, P1 - K, P1 - P2 and P2 - K there is a significant difference. While comparisons between groups were not significant P2 - P1. LSD test for the data obtained SGOT K - P1, P1 - K, P1 - P2 and P2 - P1 there is a significant difference. While K - P2, P2 - K insignificant.
Conclusion : There were differences increasing levels of AST and ALT in rats (Rattus norvegicus) that given to herbal and conventional cigarette smoke. Which was the increasing levels of AST and ALT from conventional were higher than herbal cigarette.
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Negative control
Post-hoc analysis
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Temulawak is a medicinal plant that contains curcumin compounds that have antioxidant activity so potentially as a hepatoprotector. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of extract and dry extract of temulawak as a hepatoprotector. This study used 30 rats divided into 5 groups namely, control group I normal, negative control II, III positive control, IV given temulawak extract dose 800 mg / kgBB rat, V was given dry extract of ginger dose 800 mg / kgBB rat. Determination of initial SGOT and SGPT levels was performed on day 0. The administration of extracts and dried extracts was given on days 1-14. Day 11-13 was given paracetamol except the normal group. The final SGOT and SGPT assay was performed on day 14. The difference data of SGOT and SGPT was analyzed by ANOVA test and then used Tukey test to know the difference between the test group. The results showed that extract doses of 800 mg / kgBB and positive control (curcuma) there was no significant difference. The 800 mg / kgBB dose extract and positive control (curcuma) had comparable effectiveness, but the extract differed significantly with dry extract.
Keywords: Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.), Paracetamol, hepatoprotector.
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Background: Higher cost and side effects made of some anticholesterol drugs usedin long time are the reasons why some people change to herbal therapies. Tamarind(Tamarindus indica) leaves is one of the herbal therapies. This research aims to determinehypolipidemic effect and antioxidant activity of extract of tamarind leaves (ETL).Methods: We used 25 rats as samples, divided into five groups of negative control(CMC 0.5%), positive control (Ezetimibe 1.26 g/kgBW)), first, second and third doseof ETL consequently are 0.93, 1.86 and 3.73 g/kgBW.Results: Paired-samples T-test showed ETL significantly decreased total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride (TG) level, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levelsignificantly increased compared with negative control groups (p≤0.05). Low-densitylipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level had significant difference only at second dose ofETL (p<0.05). Furthermore, the data’s difference between pre- and post-interventionwere analyzed with one-way ANOVA test in TC, TG, and HDL-C level, ETL had asignificant difference (p≤0.05), while there was no significant difference in LDL -Cbetween groups (p>0.05). Data were also analyzed by Post Hoc test. TC, TG, andHDL-C level had a significant difference between all variance ETL’s doses and positivecontrol compared with negative control group (p≤0.05). For antioxidant activity, ETLexhibited the significant reduction in the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) by pairedsamplesT-test (p≤0.05) but there was no significant difference in both of MDA andsuperoxide dismutase (SOD) level (p>0.05) analyzed by One-way ANO VA test.Conclusion: All variant of ETL’s doses have hypolipidemic effect and antioxidant activity.ETL also has similar effect with Ezetimibe. Saponin, flavonoid, epicatechin, tanin, andpolyphenol that is contained likely contribute to these pharmacologic effects.
Malondialdehyde
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Positive control
Post-hoc analysis
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Low-density lipoprotein
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Spiru lina platensis extract to decrease
the levels of SCOT and PT in Wistar rats induced ehandl. Twenty male rats were divided into
five groups containing four rats each. They were two control groups and three treatment groups,
which was given 200,400, and 800 mJkg BW of Spirulina platensis extract orally. For the first seven
days each group was given ethanol 50% 2 ml/kg BW except for control groups. On the 8th day, the
treatment of ethanol was stopped and then continued with the giving of Spirulina platensis extract
for the treatment groups and CMC Na 1 % solution for control groups for the total of 14 days.
Samples were taken at day fl. Then,, the data was compared using ANC)VA test and duncans
multiple range test. from the statistical test showed that the extract s pl ru lina platensis show significant
difference (P
Spirulina (dietary supplement)
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Negative control
Completely randomized design
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Banana leaves (Musa Paradisiaca, L.) has not been widely used in the treatment purpose of this study was to examine the wound healing activity of the gel of banana leaves (Musa paradiasiaca L.) and determine the most effective concentration for wound healing.Target research is to provide natural wound treatment alternatives. The method used is eksperimental.Prosedur research study began with the identification of a banana leaf, banana leaf extraction, formulation of banana leaf extract gel with a concentration of 1%, 5%, 10% and testing to the test animals were harmed .Animal test are grouped into 5 groups the negative control group (base gel), a positive control (bioplacenton), and 3 groups treatment. Measuring of diameter wound on day-1 through day 7. The observation was tested by using ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey HSD. ANOVA test results showed a significant difference between the mean percentage of wound healing all groups Treatment .The result of Post hoc Tukey HSD at the 95% confidence level showed significant differences in the negative control group when compared to the positive control group and the treatment group gel 5% and 10% .It indicates that the positive control, gel 5% and 10% have a wound healing effect. Positive control group compared with the group treated gel 5% and 10% showed significant differences that the average value of the percentage of wound healing is higher than the positive control treatment group. It means the difference meant that the positive control has better activity. While the group gel 5% when compared with the 10% gel group no significant difference in this case means the group gel 5% with 10% having a comparable effectiveness of wound healing.
Musa × paradisiaca
Banana peel
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Tukey's range test
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Post-hoc analysis
Positive control
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The aim of this in-vitro study was to assess the effect of bioglass with different concentrations on root caries. Ninety freshly-extracted teeth with root caries were randomly assigned to a single-use prophylaxis paste containing 15 % bioglass for 30 s with 1,450 ppmF toothpaste (15 % bioglass, n = 30), 1,450 ppmF toothpaste with 5 % bioglass (5 % bioglass, n = 30), and toothpaste containing 1,450 ppmF (Control, n = 30). Each sample received a standard brushing procedure for 10 s twice a day using the toothpastes. Teeth were immersed in remineralising solution with pH of 7 at 37 °C for 720 h. Surface roughness (Ra) was measured at baseline and after the application of the products at 0.5, 1, 4, 12, 24, 48, 168, 336 and 720 h. Subsequently, three samples from each group were randomly selected to measure calcium ion release over 15 h immersion in deionised water. These samples were then analysed using the SEM for the qualitative assessment of lesion topography. Repeated measures ANOVA, Wilcoxon paired tests and percentage changes were carried out to assess Ra. Calcium ion release data was analysed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests. After 720 h, 15 % bioglass had the highest decrease in Ra (Mean-difference = 1.502 µm, p = 0.001), then 5 % bioglass (Mean-difference = 0.723 µm, p = 0.09) whereas the control had the lowest Ra decrease (Mean-difference = 0.518 µm, p = 0.55). The differences in Ra between the groups were highly significant (p < 0.001). The cumulative calcium ion release was significantly high for the 5 % bioglass in comparison to the 15 % bioglass, whilst the control had the lowest release (p < 0.001). SEM analysis showed the presence of bioglass particles only on 15 % bioglass samples. The use of prophylaxis paste with 15 % bioglass and 1,450 ppmF toothpaste was promising to reverse/arrest root caries when compared to the toothpaste containing 1,450 ppmF with 5 % bioglass for a period of 30 days.
Toothpaste
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Repeated measures design
Mean difference
Negative control
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This research uses randomizedpost-test only control group design. Thirty-two (32) male Wistar rats with incised skin and infected with S. aureusdivided into 4 groups, namely the group given S.platensisextract at a dose of 500 mg / kgBB / day (X1) and a dose of 750 mg / kgBB / day (X2 ), the negative control group was given saline solution (C1), and the positive control group was given amoxicillin 150 mg / kg orally(C2). Wound area measurements were taken on day 14 and serum TNF-? levels were examined on day 14 using the ELISA method. Data analysis was performed with one way ANOVAtestand continued with Post Hoc Test LSD.The results showed mean size of wound closure on the 14th day in groups X1, X2, C1 and C2 is 8095.74; 6270.98;15502.69; 11475.20micrometer with p <0.001. The mean TNF-? serum levels in the 14th day of X1, X2, C1, and C2 groups were 270.75; 222.83; 1730.33; 385.75pg / ml with p <0.001. Post Hoc Test of wound area showed significant differences between groups. Post Hoc Test TNF-? levels showed significant differences between treatment groups X1 and X2 with group C1.Spirulina platensisextract 500mg / kgBB / day and 750 mg /kgBB/ day have the smallest wound area significantly and reduce TNF-? levels on blood.
Post hoc
Spirulina (dietary supplement)
Post-hoc analysis
Negative control
Positive control
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Fibroblasts play a role in the wound healing process. The active compound content of Spirulina sp. has fibroblastic activity. The use of extracts from S. platensis can play a role in the wound healing process. To analyze the effectiveness of Spirulina platensis extract on the number of fibroblasts in rats that were incised in their skin. This study used a randomized post test only control group design. Forty-eight male Wistar rats were skin incised and infected with S.aureus divided into 4 groups, namely the group given S.platensis extract at a dose of 500 mg/kgBW/day, a dose of 750 mg/kgBW/day, the negative control group was given saline solution and positive control group with diclofenac 20 mg/kgBW orally. The number of fibroblasts was counted on histopathological examination of the wound tissue on the 7th and 14th days covering 5 visual fields. Data analysis was carried out with a one way ANOVA test and continued with the LSD Post Hoc Test. The mean number of fibroblasts on the 7th day in the 500 mg/kgBW/day group, 750 mg/kgBW/day, positive control and negative control was 13.33 ± 3.615; 117.42±3.980; 9.58±2.417; and 4.00 ± 1.761 with p 0.001. The number of fibroblasts on the 14th day in the 500 mg/kgBW/day, 750 mg/kgBW/day group, positive control and negative control was 16.17 ± 3.251; 19.67±1.633; 12.17±2.137; and 8.33 ± 2.317 with p 0.001. The post hoc test found that the number of fibroblasts on day 7 significantly increased in the 500 mg/kgBB/day S. platensis group compared to the positive and negative control groups. While at a dose of 750 mg/kg/day, the number of fibroblasts was higher than the positive and negative control groups after 14 days of treatment.Administration of Spirulina platensis extract at doses of 500 and 750 mg/kg/day significantly increased the number of fibroblasts in the incision wounds of Wistar rats.
Spirulina (dietary supplement)
Negative control
Positive control
Physiological saline
Post hoc
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Objective:To investigate the effects of goat placental preparations on relieving fatigue and antioxidation in mice.Methods:40 mice were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups(goat placental preparations given at the dosages of 2 mg·d-1,10 mg·d-1 and 20 mg·d-1)and mice treated with saline water was control,female and male mice was equal quantitatively in all groups.Time of loading swiming,level of blood urea nitrogen,superoxide dismutase activity of akaryocyte and malondialdehyde contents were determined on 30th after the onset of treatment.Results:For time of loading swimming,difference(P0.05)between high dosage group and the control was found,whil significant difference(P0.01)regarding to blood urea nitrogen between middle dosage group and the control,or between high dosage group and the control were found in relieving fatigue test.For superoxide dismutase activity of akaryocyte,significant difference(P0.01)were found between middle dosage group and the control,or between high dosage group and the control.While malondialdehyde contents of middle and high dosage group were lower(P0.05)than the control in antioxidation function test.Conclusion:Goat placental preparations have effects of relieving fatigue and antioxidation.
Malondialdehyde
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Physiological saline
Negative control
Positive control
Serum urea
Blood urea nitrogen
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