Leave no one behind: why WHO's regional office for Europe should prioritise children and adolescents in their program of work. A position statement from the European academy of paediatrics
Daniëlle JansenMaria BrennerKároly IllyŁukasz DembińskiStefano del TorsoZachi GrossmanArūnas ValiulisAnn De GuchtenaereArtur MazurLiviana Da DaltKetil StørdalBerthold KoletzkoAdamos Hadjipanayis
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Abstract:
Children and adolescents are no longer a priority in the most recent European Programme of Work (EPW) 2020-2025 of the World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe. In this position statement we provide arguments for why we think this population should be explicitly addressed in this important and influential document. We firstly emphasize the persistent health problems and inequalities in access to care for children and adolescents that are challenging to solve, and thus require a continuous focus. Secondly, we urge the WHO to prioritize children and adolescents in their EPW due to the new and emerging health problems related to global issues. Finally, we explain why permanent prioritization of children and adolescents is essential for the future of children and of society.Keywords:
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The presented paper investigated focusing on 'why' statement in engineering education. For studying the effect of utilizing ‘why’ statement in teaching comparing with other statements such as ‘what’, ‘how’ and determination (state), five aspects were investigated to spot the light on the influence of the ‘why’ statement in teaching over several angles. So, passing, captivating the attention, review the taught idea, motivation and concluding the taught idea were used for testing the hypothesis. Five questionnaires were used for these aspects. Two manners of the statements’ order in the questionnaires were used. The first manner, the ‘why’ statement is always the first, but in the second manner can have any order. The results showed the high effect of ‘why’ and ‘what’ statements in persuasion the students studying the engineering subjects. The second manner had a better effect on enhancing the results of 'why' statement.
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Summary The present study was designed to investigate whether people are trait theorists or prefer some alternative explanation of behavior. Male and female undergraduates (N = 42) were given seven statements each defining a different “cause” of behavior, including a trait statement, a situation statement, an interaction statement, and a statement of Bem and Allen's theory. Subjects were asked to indicate the likelihood that each statement is a valid explanation of human behavior. Ss were also asked to indicate the single most valid statement. Results for both measures indicated that Ss strongly favored the interaction statement over the others.
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The effectiveness of different model statement variants for eliciting information and cues to deceit
Background According to previous research, the use of a model statement results in both truth tellers and lie tellers reporting a similar amount of extra information than the instruction to be detailed. We examined (1) whether level of engagement with attending to the model statement affects the veracity findings and (2) whether valuable details is a diagnostic veracity indicator. Method We created four model statement variants, two had lower levels of engagement and two had higher levels of engagement with attending to the model statement content. Participants were allocated to one of these four conditions or to the no model statement control condition. Results Participants in one of the higher engagement conditions recalled the model statement content significantly better than participants in one of the lower engagement conditions. The audio model statement and the face‐to‐face model statement resulted in more information than the no model statement control condition. In none of the model statement conditions did total details emerge as a veracity indicator; valuable details did not yield the expected effect either. Conclusion A model statement serves as an eliciting information tool and the amount of additional information is similar among truth tellers and lie tellers.
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