Evonik tests PEEK for joint prostheses
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Evonik Industries is investigating whether its polyether ether ketone (PEEK) thermoplastic can be used to make long-lasting prosthetic joints. To develop the prostheses, the German chemical company is collaborating with the Center for Knee and Hip Replacement at Massachusetts General Hospital. Evonik expects PEEK to significantly extend the life of prosthetic joints, including hips, which currently feature a weak point between the head and the cup. PEEK is already used in medical implants.Keywords:
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We used finite elements analysis to assess the biomechanical behavior of lower protocol bars made of Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK) reinforced by carbon fiber, with different designs on All-on-four® system, subjected to physiological occlusal loads. The models were built to have an I-shaped or an inverse T-shaped section. We also assessed the stress distribution on the peri implant bone, implants, prosthetic intermediates, prosthetic intermediate screws, and prosthetic screws. In the simulations, strength peaks were similar for both inverse T and I shaped models; however, the I-shaped bars showed larger resistance in comparison with the inverse T shape. Since it is a new material in dentistry, further research is necessary for a better assessment of PEEK's mechanical and clinical performance.
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In this review, we discuss the parameters of fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology used in finished parts made from polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and also the possibility of printing small PEEK parts. The published articles reporting on 3D printed PEEK implants were obtained using PubMed and search engines such as Google Scholar including references cited therein. The results indicate that although many have been experiments conducted on PEEK 3D printing, the consensus on a suitable printing parameter combination has not been reached and optimized parameters for printing worth pursuing. The printing of reproducible tiny-sized PEEK parts with high accuracy has proved to be possible in our experiments. Understanding the relationships among material properties, design parameters, and the ultimate performance of finished objects will be the basis for further improvement of the quality of 3D printed medical devices based on PEEK and to expand the polymers applications.
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Polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) is an excellent engineering polymer with numerous advantages. Processing by microcellular injection molding (MIM) can reduce product weight and save energy consumption. However, conventional MIM is plagued with limited weight-reduction and poor surface quality, so there have been few reports on microcellular PEEK with high weight-reduction based on injection molding. In this study, microcellular PEEK with weight reduction of 49.6% was prepared by mold-opening microcellular injection molding (MOMIM). The effects of holding time, holding pressure and mold-opening distance on microcellular PEEK were studied. Results show that incremental holding time and holding pressure could increase PEEK's density, promote the formation of dense cells and improve mechanical properties. Meanwhile, larger mold-opening distance reduced product's density, raised cell size and cell density, and lowered tensile properties, while the flexural properties increased first and then decreased when the mold-opening distance became larger. In addition, the surface qualities of microcellular PEEK prepared by MIM and MOMIM were compared, and it was found that MOMIM could significantly improve the surface quality. These microcellular PEEK prepared by MOMIM with tunable properties can further promote the lightweight application of PEEK.
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This study uses the finite element method to assess the biomechanical behavior of tooth-supported fixed partial prostheses components manufactured with two different infrastructures: Cr-Co Fit Flex metallic alloy and Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK) subjected to physiological occlusal loads.Two models with equal geometry were simulated-Model M1: fixed partial prosthesis with Cr-Co metallic infrastructure and feldspar ceramics coating Noritake Ex-3; Model M2: fixed partial prosthesis with PEEK infrastructure PEEK and indirect resin coating Sinfony.They were subjected to axial and oblique loads.The 3D models were entered in the software CAD Solidworks 2016 for registry and analysis.Data were analyzed according to the studied factors: dentin behavior, infrastructure, aesthetic coating, detachment pressure between tooth and cement, and tensile stress of cement.Most stress peaks were observed in model M2, but values from the two models were close.Model M1 showed better results in four of the factors: dentin, infrastructure, detachment pressure between tooth and cement, and cement tensile stress.Model M2 showed better performance in terms of the aesthetic coating.Similar values for both models in most of the simulations suggest a long lifespan of both treatments, although longer for model M1.
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Three-dimensional printing or additive manufacturing (AM) has enabled innovative advancements in tissue engineering through scaffold development. The use of scaffolds, developed by using AM technology for tissue repair (like cartilage and bone), could enable the growth of several cell types on the same implant. Scaffolds are 3D-printed using polymer-based composites. polyether ether ketone (PEEK)-based composites are ideal for scaffold 3D printing due to their excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties resembling human bone. It is therefore considered to be the next-generation bioactive material for tissue engineering. Despite several reviews on the application of PEEK in biomedical fields, a detailed review of the recent progress made in the development of PEEK composites and the 3D printing of scaffolds has not been published. Therefore, this review focuses on the current status of technological developments in the 3D printing of bone scaffolds using PEEK-based composites. Furthermore, this review summarizes the challenges associated with the 3D printing of high-performance scaffolds based on PEEK composites.
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Evonik Industries is investigating whether its polyether ether ketone (PEEK) thermoplastic can be used to make long-lasting prosthetic joints. To develop the prostheses, the German chemical company is collaborating with the Center for Knee and Hip Replacement at Massachusetts General Hospital. Evonik expects PEEK to significantly extend the life of prosthetic joints, including hips, which currently feature a weak point between the head and the cup. PEEK is already used in medical implants.
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This article is aimed to review the applications of Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK) in dentistry. The evolving desire for functions and aesthetics, few drawbacks with existing materials and clinicians shifting their paradigms towards metal free restorations led space for the metal-free restorations in today’s restorative practice. PEEK is a polymer based innovative material, that can be used in either fixed or removable prosthetics. This literature review discusses various applications and uses of PEEK.
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Polyether ether ketone
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Friction Stir Processing
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