Lifetime Exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide and Ozone and Pediatric Asthma
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Nitrogen dioxide
Air pollution must take more attention because its effects on human health. One of the most important air pollutants is ground-level ozone O3, which plays an important role in air quality and climate change on the earth. Ozone affected by the other air pollutants, so this paper attempt to study the relationship between hourly, daily and monthly ground-level ozone concentration and hourly, daily and monthly air pollutant concentrations and its effect on ground-level ozone concentration. The other air pollutants are: sulfur dioxide SO2, nitrogen oxides NOx, nitrogen monoxide NO, nitrogen dioxide NO2 and carbon dioxide CO2. The monitoring station is in Babylon University in the south of Al-Hilla city, Iraq for the period 2015-2016. By using statistical analysis, correlation coefficient and some statistics for all air pollutants are computed. Results are: the maximum average ozone concentration is in the summer months June, July and August 39.30 ppb, 45.05 ppb and 36.63 ppb respectively and along the day the peak average ozone concentration is in the afternoon because of high temperature and high solar radiation intensity which is increasing the photochemical activity of ozone. There is no significant correlation between ozone and sulfur dioxide SO2, carbon dioxide CO2 (ρ > 0.05). High significant correlation is appeared between ozone and nitrogen oxides forms (ρ < 0.01). To express the complex relation between ozone and nitrogen oxide forms, proportions such as NO/NO2 and (NOx-NO)/NO is determined which explain the ozone photochemical activity. Ozone concentration decreases with increasing of NO/NO2 and increases with (NOx-NO)/NOx increasing.
Nitrogen dioxide
Ground Level Ozone
Nitrogen oxides
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Tests carried out on eutrophic waters using ozone and peroxone (peroxide and ozone) indicated that an applied ozone concentration of between 1 and 1.5 mg/l (ozone:DOC ratio of 0.2 to 0.5) was generally required before significant removals of natural organic matter surrogate parameters and micropollutants were obtained. Peroxone produced the same effect as ozone used alone, but the maximum effect occurred at a lower ozone concentration when using peroxone. Peroxide to ozone ratios greater than 0.3 to 0.5 were not found to increase the benefit derived from the addition of peroxide.
Peroxide
Natural Organic Matter
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Nitrogen dioxide
Sodium carbonate
Parts-per notation
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We have developed a novel ozone generator which can produce high concentration ozone up to 300 g/Nm3 (20 wt%). The ozone production efficiency is significantly improved in comparison with a conventional ozone generator : the energy consumption is 10 kWh/ kgO3 at an ozone concentration of 240 g/Nm (16 wt%) In addition, the novel ozone generator is much smaller in size. The development of the novel ozone generator is expected to extend ozone applications for various purposes, such as pulp bleaching.
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Both the direct ozone reaction and the indirect hydroxyl radical reaction are important in ozonation of drinking water. This article investigates the effectiveness of ozone versus the advanced oxidation process of ozone coupled with hydrogen peroxide in the formation of bromate. The investigation was conducted on a pilot scale at various H2O2:O3 dose ratios of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.35 at different times of the year. The results of this study show a reduction in bromate with the addition of hydrogen peroxide to an ozone system versus ozone alone. It was also observed that bromate increased with increased H2O2:O3 ratios; however, concentrations were still lower than those in the ozone only system.
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Hydroxyl radical
Advanced oxidation process
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Abstract Ozone decomposition kinetics are investigated together with the influence of energy input to an ozone generator. Decomposition is considered in a solid bed reactor, a gas phase reactor and a bubbling reactor. Ozone is produced at the same concentration and gas flow rate using two methods: 1) from the generator at a higher power giving higher ozone concentration, then ozone is diluted by oxygen before entering the decomposition reactor, and 2) at a lower power without dilution. Keywords: OzoneOzone GenerationExcited Ozone SpeciesOzone DecompositionGas Phase Ozone DecompositionLiquid Phase Ozone DecompositionSolid Phase Ozone DecompositionOzone Decomposition Model
Dilution
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Measurements of ozone concentrations at the inlet and outlet of the ozone destructor were carried out proving the thermal decomposition of ozone produced in the ozone generator. The destructor was employed to simulate the ozone zero phenomena (OZP) in an ozone generator, thus which was separated functionally from the ozone source in the ozone generator. It was found that the thermal decomposition of ozone starts around 453 K, and the decrease of ozone concentration similar to OZP occurs at higher temperatures. In this paper, we report that the thermal decomposition of ozone is promoted by increasing the mixing ratio of oxygen atom O contained in the ozonized gas, based on a simple calculation using our measured basic coefficients.
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