Comparison of ozone and hydrogen peroxide/ozone for the treatment of eutrophic water
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Tests carried out on eutrophic waters using ozone and peroxone (peroxide and ozone) indicated that an applied ozone concentration of between 1 and 1.5 mg/l (ozone:DOC ratio of 0.2 to 0.5) was generally required before significant removals of natural organic matter surrogate parameters and micropollutants were obtained. Peroxone produced the same effect as ozone used alone, but the maximum effect occurred at a lower ozone concentration when using peroxone. Peroxide to ozone ratios greater than 0.3 to 0.5 were not found to increase the benefit derived from the addition of peroxide.Keywords:
Peroxide
Natural Organic Matter
In this study, we focused on the ozone/hydrogen peroxide water treatment system, one of the advanced oxidation processes, which is expected to be applicable to the treatment of various kinds of waste water. We experimentally investigated the effect of operational parameters with a reaction system with single ozone contactor, and tried to determine the appropriate conditions for the high performance of the system. As the results of this research, we found the existence of the optimal value of overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient, the necessity of maintaining the concentrations of dissolved ozone and hydrogen peroxide in an appropriate range, and the importance of controlling the ozone dose for the high performance of the system. These results also suggested that multiple injection of ozone and hydrogen peroxide is effective fir the high performance. Thus, we have experimentally shown that the multiple injection system achieves higher TOC removal than the single injection system at the same doses of ozone and hydrogen peroxide.
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What is eutrophication? the nutrients causing eutrophication, and their sources the bio-chemical manifestations of eutrophication the biological effects of eutrophication the engineering, economic and social effects of eutrophication prediction and modelling of the causes and effects of euthrophication the reduction of causes and the management of effects of eutrophication the Norfolk Broads, United Kingdom - the restoration of shallow eutrophic lakes, Geoffrey Phillips.
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Abstract This study reports for the first time on the enhancement of the bleaching effect achieved on cotton using laccase enzyme. Laccases applied in short‐time batchwise or pad‐dry processes prior to conventional peroxide bleaching, improved the end fabric whiteness. The whiteness level reached in the combined enzymatic/peroxide process was comparable to the whiteness in two consecutive peroxide bleaches. Effect of 10 min laccase pre‐treatment at 60 °C, pH 5 on fabrics whiteness before and after a conventional hydrogen peroxide bleaching. magnified image Effect of 10 min laccase pre‐treatment at 60 °C, pH 5 on fabrics whiteness before and after a conventional hydrogen peroxide bleaching.
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Taking Chaohu Lake basin for an example,this paper analyzes the influences of eutrophication factors on chlorophyll a by using structural equation model(SEM).According to the mechanism of lake eutrophication,four intrinsic variables including physical factors,nutrients,organism and phytoplankton are introduced in this model.Along with five eutrophication factors,the SEM-based eutrophication model is established.The results show that the SEM-based model demonstrates the relationship between eutrophication factors and chlorophyll a,and it can directly predict the concentration of chlorophyll a with combination of other methods.
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It has been shown that the experimental results obtained by Morgulis in a study of the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by liver catalase at 20 degrees C. and in the presence of an excess of a relatively high concentration of peroxide are quantitatively accounted for by the following mechanisms. 1. The rate of formation of oxygen is independent of the peroxide concentration provided this is greater than about 0.10 M. 2. The rate of decomposition of the peroxide is proportional at any time to the concentration of catalase present. 3. The catalase undergoes spontaneous monomolecular decomposition during the reaction. This inactivation is independent of the concentration of catalase and inversely proportional to the original concentration of peroxide up to 0.4 M. In very high concentrations of peroxide the inactivation rate increases. 4. The following equation can be derived from the above assumptions and has been found to fit the experiments accurately. See PDF for Equation in which x is the amount of oxygen liberated at the time t, A is the total amount of oxygen liberated (not the total amount available), and K is the inactivation constant of the enzyme.
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Performance of ozonation and an ozone/hydrogen peroxide process under a new concept centering on ozonation and/or ozone/hydrogen peroxide processes in sewage treatment processes comprising only physical and chemical processes are discussed, with focus on the removal of matrix organic compounds and emerging contaminants. Matrix organic compounds of filtrated primary sewage effluents were removed to as low as 3.2 mgC/L in the ozone/hydrogen peroxide process at an ozone consumption of around 400 mg/L. Linear relationships between ozone consumption and removal amounts of organic compounds were observed, in which the amounts of ozone required to remove 1 mg of organic carbon were 9.5 and 8.3 mg (2.4 and 2.1 mol-O3/mol-C) in ozonation and the ozone/hydrogen peroxide process, respectively. Ratios of hydroxyl radical exposure to ozone exposure were in the order of 10–9 to 10–8 for ozonation and 10–7 to 10–6 for the ozone/hydrogen peroxide process. Experiments and a kinetic evaluation showed that ozonation and/or the ozone/hydrogen peroxide process have high elimination capability for emerging contaminants, even in primary sewage effluent with the thorough removal of matrix organic compounds. Newly found reaction phenomena, the temporal increase and decrease of dissolved ozone and accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in the early stage of oxidation with the continuous feeding of hydrogen peroxide, were presented. Possible reaction mechanisms are also discussed.
Advanced oxidation process
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Evaluated the formation and underlying causes of general lake eutrophication. Studied how eutrophication is formed in Poyang Lake according to its hydrological characteristics. Compared different treatments for Poyang Lake’s eutrophication and recommended several improvements for current Poyang Lake’s eutrophication strategy.
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With the development of the society,the speed of lake eutrophication is accelerated.The high contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water result in eutrophication occurrence.The causes and the harms of lake eutrophication are stated,the sources of nitrogen and phosphorus are analyzed and the series of methods to control eutrophication are pointed out in this study.
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