Prediction of end-point phosphorus content of molten steel in BOF with machine learning models
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The main task in the production of steel in the basic oxygen furnace (BOF) is dephosphorization Therefore, the prediction and control of the end-point phosphorus content of molten steel is of great significance. Four machine learning regression models (Lasso, Random Forest, Xgboost, and Neural Network) were established to predict the end-point phosphorus content of molten steel in the BOF based on raw and auxiliary material data, process parameters, and production quality data. The prediction effect of the four models was further compared, and their prediction results were interpreted based on the interpretability of the models and the permutation importance method. The results showed that compared with linear regression and neural network regression model, two types of ensemble tree model have higher prediction accuracy, better stability with small data sets, and lower data preprocessing requirements. The factors influencing the end-point phosphorus (P) content in BOF were ranked in order of importance as: Tapping temperature > Turning down times > Steel scrap quantity> Operation habits of different working groups > Amount of oxygen injection> Sulfur and phosphorus content of molten iron > Addition amount of lime, limestone, and lightly burnt dolomite in the slag > Slag-splashing amount.Keywords:
Content (measure theory)
ESTABLISHED calcium and phosphorus requirements for turkey poults from 0–8 weeks vary considerably among investigators (Wilcox et al., 1953). After reviewing the literature on phosphorus requirement, Almquist (1954) concluded that 0.6% readily available phosphorus was needed by the poult. Blaylock et al. (1961) reported that 0.8% calcium and 0.8% total phosphorus were adequate for maximum growth from 0–8 weeks, while Formica et al. (1961) reported that 0.65% total phosphorus and 0.8% calcium produced normal growth. These results suggest that the calcium and phosphorus requirements of turkey poults from 0–8 weeks are lower than those recommended by the National Research Council (1960). Nelson et al. (1961) suggested that requirements for calcium and phosphorus for developing turkeys were lower than those recommended by the National Research Council (1960). A level of 0.6% for both calcium and total phosphorus was found to be adequate for optimum growth of turkeys from…
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Red Clover
Phosphorus deficiency
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THE low requirements of developing turkeys for calcium and phosphorus as indicated by the data obtained by Nelson et al. (1961) prompted the test reported in this paper. These workers reported that dietary levels of 0.5% phosphorus and 0.5% calcium were adequate for growth and feed utilization of turkeys (8–24 wks.), a ratio of calcium: phosphorus (Ca:P) of 1:1. When the Ca:P ratio deviated from 1:1, a minimum requirement of 0.6% calcium and 0.6% phosphorus was required for optimum growth and feed utilization. However, higher levels of calcium and phosphorus were needed for maximum toe ash. Sullivan (1960) reported that for late growth (8–20 wks.), the total phosphorus requirements of female and male turkeys were 0.75% and 0.85%, respectively, where the ration contained 1.55% calcium. Maximum tarsometatarsus ash, growth and feed utilization were the criteria used to establish requirements. Using an all-vegetable ration containing 0.43% organic phosphorus and …
Phosphorus deficiency
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The effect of intravenous administration of phosphorus on phosphorus and calcium metabolism in sheep
Four Dorset × Merino wethers were given an intravenous infusion of phosphorus at the rate of 1.5 g/day and the phosphorus and calcium balance determined between 5 and 11 days inclusive after the commencement of the infusion. These results were compared with phosphorus and calcium balance measured during a control period. In three of the four sheep the infused phosphorus was recovered in the faeces, but in one animal 0.37 g/day was excreted in the urine. Although the retention of phosphorus and calcium increased marginally during the infusion period, the increase was not significant. The additional phosphorus was therefore quantitatively eliminated from the animal without significantly influencing calcium balance. A theoretical model of phosphorus movement was constructed on the basis that salivary phosphorus excretion is related to plasma phosphorus concentration. In order to account for the observed recovery of phosphorus in the faeces, it was necessary to postulate either a decrease in the intestinal absorption of phosphorus or an increase in the endogenous secretion of phosphorus which was unrelated to the plasma phosphorus concentration.
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The debate about mental content is not well framed as internalists versus externalists, because there is both internal and external mental content. There is also a question about how best to draw the line between them, and this paper argues that this line is not usually drawn in the right place. It proposes a new alignment: the expression ‘internal content’ is to be taken to denote actually occurring, concrete, immediately phenomenologically given content. Absolutely everything else that can be said to be the content of experience is to be classified as external content. It turns out, under this new alignment, that internal content can be external content; this is the case when I think about your pain, or indeed my own pain. But this is as it should be.
Content (measure theory)
Line (geometry)
Internal forces
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Phosphorus is an important composition elements in soybean,and also very important for yield formation.Experimental materials were SN14,XJH and MSD,the dynamics of phosphorus content of different organs was determined in different development periods and regulation of transport.The results showed that:(1)Phosphorus content in leaf,petiole,stem,root decreased with growth of soybean plant,dynamics of phosphorus content in legume decreased and then increased.(2)Phosphorus accumulation increased with growth of soybean plant,and it changed as a single peak curve in leaf,petiole,stem,root,respectively,phosphorus accumulation in legume increased all the time.(3) The mean of three breeds ratio of phosphorus accumulation in different development periods and total phosphorus accumulation was 27.83%±12.57%,38.47%±3.87%,33.70%±8.93%.(4) Leaf was the center of phosphorus accumulation in earlier growth stage,next was stem,legume was the center of phosphorus accumulation in late growth stage.(5)In legume,40.04% phosphorus was from vegetative organs,ratio of phosphorus which was from leaf,petiole,stem,root,was 9.64%±3.95%、6.89%±3.16%、19.97%±3.97%、3.53%±1.27%,respectively.
Petiole (insect anatomy)
Phosphorus deficiency
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Iron ore
Slag (welding)
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Narrow mental content, if there is such a thing, is content that is entirely determined by the goings-on inside the head of the thinker. A central topic in the philosophy of mind since the mid-1970s has been whether there is a kind of mental content that is narrow in this sense. It is widely conceded, thanks to famous thought experiments by Hilary Putnam and Tyler Burge, that there is a kind of mental content that is not narrow. But it is often maintained that there is also a kind of mental content that is narrow, and that such content can play various key explanatory roles relating, inter alia , to epistemology and the explanation of action. This book argues that this is a forlorn hope. It carefully distinguishes a variety of conceptions of narrow content and a variety of explanatory roles that might be assigned to narrow content. It then argues that, once we pay sufficient attention to the details, there is no promising theory of narrow content in the offing.
Content (measure theory)
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Nutrition Surveys of commercial blueberry fields in 1987 and 1988 indicated leaf phosphorus levels were below the standard (0.125%) in most fields. To determine if phosphorus was limiting, liquid phosphorus (23% phosphoric acid) was applied preemergence at 0, 22.4, 44.8 67.2, or 88.6 kg/ha to 3 commercial blueberry fields identified in 1987 as very low (<.111%), 3 low (.111-.125%), and 3 adequate (>.125%) in leaf phosphorus. Phosphorus concentration in leaf tissue sampled in July 1989 increased linearly with increasing rates of phosphorus. Phosphorus application raised leaf phosphorus levels more in fields which had levels below 0.125%. Fields with higher phosphorus levels were also higher in leaf nitrogen, potassium, and calcium.
Phosphoric acid
Limiting
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Forty healthy growing laboratory rhesus monkeys were randomly divided into A and B group. According to calcium to phosphorus ratio (1.2:1,1.4:1,1.6:1,1.8:1 and 2.0:1) each group was divided into five groups (A 1 ,A2,A3,A4,A5 and B1 ,B2,B3,B4,B5 respectively), including 2 male and 2 female in each. The level of dietary calcium or phosphorus and calcium to phosphorus ratio were adjusted by CaCO3, CaHPO3and NaH2PO4. The result showed, that no effect of calcium to phosphorus ratio on its utilization in growing laboratory rhesus monkeys were observed in A groups (P0.05). Calcium and phosphorus utilization of B1 group were the highest in B groups (P0.01). The results suggested that the calcium to phosphorus ratio 1.2:1 with phosphorus level 0.89% in dietary was the best choice for calcium and phosphorus utilization in growing laboratory rhesus monkeys.
Phosphorus deficiency
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