Sensory attributes and functional properties of maillard reaction products derived from the crassosotrea gigas (Ostrea rivularis gould) enzymatic hydrolysate and xylose system
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Abstract:
To improve the flavor of Ostrea rivularis Gould, enzymatic hydrolysis was conducted and xylose-OEH Maillard reaction products were prepared. Then, their physicochemical properties and metabolites were determined by UHPLC-MS-MS, and volatile compounds were determined by GC-MS to investigate the changes. The results showed that His, Gln, Lys, Asp, and Cys were the major amino acids consumed. After being heated at 120 °C for up to 150 min, the DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) was 85.32 ± 1.35% and the reducing capacity was 1.28 ± 0.12. Both were the highest in the groups. Additionally, 45 volatile compounds, including 2-ethyl-5-methyl-pyrazine and 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethyl-pyrazine, and 678 compounds were identified. We also found that 18 metabolites with significant differences (VIP ≥2) were differential metabolites, which involved lipid oxides and amino acid derivatives. The content of lipids favored the regulation of Maillard products and affected the lower threshold of the flavor of aldehydes, which contributed to the flavor and antioxidant activity. These results suggested the potential of xylose-OEH MRPs as a natural antioxidant for further processing oysters.Keywords:
Enzymatic Hydrolysis
Lipid Oxidation
A strain was obtained by screening with which butanol can be fermented by using cellulose hydrolysate. The microorganism not only could use glucose of cellulose hydrolysate,but also could use xylose of cellulose hydrolysate. The growth characteristics,carbon source,nitrogen source and CaCO3 addition in batch fermentation were studied. High concentration glucose and xylose could not be consumed. The optimal concentration of xylose was 20 g/L in batch fermentation. So the initial concentration of xylose in cellulose hydrolysate was 20 g/L with 15 L fermentation reactor,and then cultured for 84 hours at 37 ℃. The yield of butanol was 10.95 g/L,yield of total solvent 16.78 g/L(acetone,ethanol,and butanol),utilization rate of xylose was 70% and total solvent conversion was39.4%. The economic loss by failure of utilization of xylose in cellulose hydrolysate fermentation was resolved.
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Abstract Lipid oxidation and the Maillard reaction are probably the two most important reactions in Food Science. Both include a whole network of different reactions in which an extraordinary complex mixture of compounds are obtained in very different amounts and produce important changes in food flavor, color, texture, and nutritional value, with positive and negative consequences. This article analyzes the interactions between both reactions, with special emphasis in nonenzymatic browning development, by discussing the influence of lipid oxidation products in the Maillard pathway and vice versa, as well as the existence of common intermediates and polymerization mechanisms in both reactions. The existing data suggest that both reactions are so interrelated that they should be considered simultaneously to understand the products of the Maillard reaction in the presence of lipids and vice versa, and should be included in one general pathway that can be initiated by both lipids and carbohydrates.
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Getting high sugar concentrations in lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysate with reasonable yields of sugars is commercially attractive but very challenging. Two-step acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) was conducted to get high sugar concentrations in the hydrolysate. The biphasic kinetic model was used to guide the optimization of the first step dilute acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of EFB. A total sugar concentration of 83.0 g/L with a xylose concentration of 69.5 g/L and a xylose yield of 84.0% was experimentally achieved, which is in well agreement with the model predictions under optimal conditions (3% H 2 SO 4 and 1.2% H 3 PO 4 , w/v, liquid to solid ratio 3 mL/g, 130°C, and 36 min). To further increase total sugar and xylose concentrations in hydrolysate, a second step hydrolysis was performed by adding fresh EFB to the hydrolysate at 130°C for 30 min, giving a total sugar concentration of 114.4 g/L with a xylose concentration of 93.5 g/L and a xylose yield of 56.5%. To the best of our knowledge, the total sugar and xylose concentrations are the highest among those ever reported for acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of lignocellulose.
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Abstract The Maillard reaction and lipid oxidation are probably the two most important chemical reactions occurring in foods during processing and storage. However, these pathways are not independent and each of them influences the development of the other. Furthermore, the carbonyl compounds produced in the lipid oxidation pathway will compete with carbohydrate‐derived carbonyls for amino compounds to produce carbonyl‐amine reaction products with either beneficial or harmful properties. These reactions are the final step of the oxidation pathway when lipid oxidation occurs in the presence of amino compounds.
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The aim of this work was to investigate the effect and correlation of boiled, deep-fried and roast thermal processing on Nε -carboxymethyllysine and Nε-carboxyethyllysine formation in prepared chicken breast. The three heat processing results indicated that oxidation was one main reason to affect advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation. For boiled and deep-fried, protein and lipid oxidation could promote the AGEs (P < 0.05), while protein oxidation may inhibit AGEs formation by roast processing (P < 0.05). Furthermore, Maillard reaction showed an important effect on L*, a* and b* values, and the content of AGEs could be easily determined by the changes of meat color. As conclusion, Maillard reaction and oxidation were two key factors to influence the AGEs formation in prepared chicken breast by thermal processing.
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