Risk Factors for Overweight and Obesity after Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia in North America and Switzerland: A Comparison of Two Cohort Studies
Fabiën N. BelleChristina SchinderaMarc AnsariGregory T. ArmstrongMaja Beck‐PopovicRebecca M. HowellLillian R. MeachamJochen RoesslerBen D. SpycherEmily S. TonorezosNicolas von der WeidYutaka YasuiKevin C. OeffingerClaudia E. Kuehni
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Background: Obesity is sequelae after childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) treatment, but evidence is conflicting. We aimed to compare the prevalence of overweight/obesity between ≥5-year survivors of ALL in the North American Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) and the Swiss Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (SCCSS) and describe risk factors.Methods: We included adult childhood ALL survivors diagnosed 1976‒1999. CCSS participants were matched (3:1) to SCCSS participants on sex and attained age. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from self-reported heights and weights for 1287 CCSS and 429 SCCSS participants and compared to 2034 North American and 678 Swiss siblings. We assessed risk factors for overweight (BMI 25‒29·9 kg/m2) and obesity (≥30 kg/m2) using multinomial regression.Findings: Overweight/obesity were significantly more common in North American than Swiss survivors (overweight: 30%, 95% CI 27‒32 vs. 24%, 21‒29; obesity: 29%, 27‒32 vs. 7%, 5‒10) and siblings (overweight: 30%, 27‒32 vs. 25%, 22‒29; obesity: 24%, 22‒26 vs. 6%, 4‒8). North American (odds ratio [OR]=1·24, 1·01–1·53) and Swiss survivors (1·27, 0·74–2·21) were slightly more often obese than siblings. Among survivors, risk factors for obesity were: residency in North America (5·8, 3·7–9·0), being male (1·7, 1·3–2·3), attained age (≥45 years: 5·1, 2·4–10·8), Non-Hispanic Black (3·4, 1·6–7·0), low household income (2·3, 1·4–3·5), and young age at diagnosis (1·6, 1·1–2·2). Cranial radiotherapy ≥18 Gray was only a risk factor for overweight (1·4, 1·0–1·8), steroids were not associated with overweight and obesity. Interaction tests found no evidence of difference in risk factors between cohorts.Interpretation: While treatment-related risk for overweight/obesity was similar between regions, higher prevalence among North American survivors identifies important socio-demographic drivers that should inform health policy and targeted intervention trials.Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01120353 (CCSS) and NCT03297034 (SCCSS).Funding: The CCSS is supported by the National Cancer Institute (CA55727, G.T. Armstrong, Principal Investigator). Support to St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital also provided by American Lebanese-Syrian the Cancer Center Support (CORE) grant (CA21765, C. Roberts, Principal Investigator) and the Associated Charities (ALSAC).The SCCSS is supported by the Swiss Cancer League (KLS-3886-02-2016; KLS-3644-02-2015), Cancer Research Switzerland (KFS-5027-02-2020; KFS-4722-02-2019), CS is supported by the “Stiftung für krebskranke Kinder, Regio Basiliensis” and the University of Basel Research Fund for Excellent Junior Researchers.Declaration of Interest: JR was head of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology at the University Hospital in Bern, Switzerland during the study conduct; currently he is an employee of Novartis Pharma AG. All other authors declare no competing financial interests.Ethical Approval: Ethical approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the Canton of Bern, Switzerland (KEK-BE: 166/2014 and 2021-01462).Keywords:
Childhood leukaemia
Introduction: Obesity is an emerging global public health problem of concern. Importantly, 50 to 80 percent of obesechildren grow up to be obese adults, and all adult obesity issues are exacerbated if obesity begins in childhood. This studywas done to assess the prevalence of obesity among adolescents and the influence of the risk factors causing obesity.Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study of 244 students of grade 9th to 12th in schools under NDMC. WHO BMIgrowth charts were used to categorize the BMI. Statistical analysis was using licensed SPSS software version 21.0.Results: The mean BMI among the participants was found to be 19.8 kg/m2 (SD+3.89). Majority (153, 62.7%) had anormal BMI, 29(11.9%) were overweight and 7(2.9%) were obese. The prevalence of obesity/overweight among studyparticipants was lower in vegetarians. Students who skip their meals daily were at increased risk of being obese ascompared to those who skip rarely or never and the results were statistically significant (AOR 3.165 CI 1.173 – 8.544 p=0.023).The mean physical activity score of the overweight/obese was 2.21(SD±0.804) as compared to the mean score of2.27(SD±0.745) among the non-obese/overweight.Conclusion: The result of this study indicates that the overweight and obesity is highly prevalent among adolescents.There was an significant association between type of diet, skipping of meals, religion, mother’s education and overweight/obesity.
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Objective To study the prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary school students in Kai fu District in Changsha and provide the scientific evidence for prevention and control of obesity in students.Method 4140 students aged 7 to 12 years in Kaifu District in Changsha were randomly selected,and overweight and obesity was assessed by the method of body mass index(BMI). Results The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 9.76% and 7.39%.Among the males and females,the rates were 12.31% and 6.84% for overweight while 9.37% and 5.13% for obesity,respectively.The rates of overweight and obesity for males were higher than those for females.Conclusion The prevalence of overweight and obesity among pupils is at a high level and higher prevalence rate is found in the boys.It is important to develop early measures to prevent and control childhood overweight and obesity.
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The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Saudi children from different provinces of the country and in different age groups. A total of 12 701 children (6281 boys and 6420 girls) with ages ranging from 1 to 18 years were enrolled during a household screening programme in different provinces of Saudi Arabia and height and weight were recorded. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated and applying age and sex specific cut‐off points for BMI the children were grouped into overweight and obese. The overall prevalence of overweight was 10.68 and 12.7 per cent and that of obesity was 5.98 and 6.74 per cent in the boys and girls, respectively. In the different provinces the prevalence of overweight ranged from 8.8 to 27.4 per cent and from 9.3 to 27.6 per cent and obesity ranged from 4.7 to 10.4 per cent and from 4.3 to 13.8 per cent in the boys and girls, respectively. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was also calculated after grouping the children into 17 groups according to age. It is concluded that overweight and obesity occur in all provinces of Saudi Arabia although at a variable prevalence. In general, girls have a higher prevalence of both overweight and obesity compared with boys. Eastern province children have the highest prevalence and the Southern province children have the lowest prevalence of overweight and obesity. When grouped according to age, overweight and obesity tend to increase with age. Suggestions are made to prevent overweight and obesity development in Saudi children.
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Objective To study the prevalence of body overweight and obesity in Shanxi province's adults and its distribution in age, sex and economic development status. MethodsA total of 7229 adults from the 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey of Shanxi province's database were analyzed. The criteria in the Guidelines for Prevention and Control of Overweight and Obesity in Chinese Adults were applied to those aged 18～60 years. ResultsThe overall prevalence was 26.2% for overweight and 6.9% for obesity. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in male were 25.8% and 5.4%, and the prevalence of overweight and obesity in female were 26.5% and 7.9%. The prevalence rates of obesity were significantly higher in female than in male. The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were different among age groups and economic development status. ConclusionOverweight and obesity had become prevalent in Shanxi province's adults, and obesity might continue to increase in future. As the economy's progress, prevention and control of the overweight and obesity should be urgently needed.
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Background: As such, obesity and overweight have both been described as anomalous accumulation of excessive body fat which may be harmful to health. Obesity is one of the most prominent problems imminent among all societies, particularly in developing countries. Often these conditions lead to complications such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and if not treated timely, death. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity amongst school children of Bangalore and to study the association of age and gender with overweight and obesity amongst school children of Bangalore.Methods: School based cross sectional study was conducted at B.G.S International school, from August to December 2017. Students aged 6 to 16, who were present during the survey, were included in the study.Results: Overall, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among the students were 7.09% and 4.08%. The prevalence of overweight and obesity amongst boys were 3.19% and 2.04%. The prevalence of overweight and obesity amongst girls were 3.90% and 2.04%.Conclusions: Integrating physical activity and nutrition education in school curriculum at all levels will play a great part in decreasing the prevalence of obesity and overweight.
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To examine relevant differences in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children aged 2-15 years according to different sets of criteria (Orbegozo Foundation, International Obesity Task Force and World Health Organization), and how their use affects the trends in obesity recorded for both sexes between 1995 and 2011 in Spain.Cross-sectional study, a population between 2 and 15 years. Three diagnosis criteria of overweight and obesity were be used.The boys according to the three criteria, showed higher values of overweight and obesity compared to the girls. The lowest levels of overweight and obesity were observed using the Orbegozo tables.The prevalence of overweight and obesity varies significantly according to the criteria used to define overweight and obesity. The percentiles of the Foundation Orbegozo gave the lowest estimates and the standards of growth of the World Health Organization were higher.
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Some studies of women’s health show that the risk of overweight, obesity and non-communicable chronic diseases often appear in middle-aged, instead of maintaining the right weight, many women suffer obesity in this age group. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of overweight, obesity and related factors among women aged 40-59 years in Cang Long district, Tra Vinh province. The study uses multivariate analysis and descriptive methods for cross-sectional data of 531 women. The results of overweight and obesity are 26.7% and 4.3% respectively. The study found a statistically significant correlation between overweight and obesity with a number of factors. To be specific, women with higher education levels have the lower rate of overweight and obesity (p <0,01) and family history is also related to overweight and obesity (p <0,001), while the use of ≥ 4 units/day (abuse) will increase the higher rate of overweight and obesity than the group use less/no (p <0,001). The consumption of fruits ≥ 3 units/day has the rate of overweight, obesity higher than the consumption group < 2 units (p= 0,02). The group of women who have regular physical activity with moderate intensity has lower ratio of overweight, obesity than the irregular group (p= 0,006).
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In recent years, obesity and overweight has been recognized as a rising public issue in all countries in the world, especially among Middle-Eastern countries. From 1980 when the prevalence of obesity more than doubled, individual studies have been published. However, no evidence is collated on the overall problem in Middle East. Objective: to systematically review the prevalence of obesity/overweight in Middle East region. Methods: a systematic review of studies, which measured prevalence of obesity/overweight in countries of Middle East. Results were given separately for women/men and urban/rural participants. Results: In this review, ten studies were selected and included. All studies were conducted in Middle East countries in different time periods. Final analysis showed that overall, prevalence of obesity and overweight are increasing trend in this region. In addition, it was demonstrated that females are more overweight and obese. 31-59 age groups had the highest prevalence of obesity/overweight among both sexes. Urban participants are more obese and overweight than rural. Conclusion: Prevalence of obesity and overweight has increasing trend in Middle East Region. That is why; governments of this region should develop special programs and actions, which will consider specific cultural and social barriers of Middle East.
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The occurrence of overweight and obesity has become a world-wide problem. People with obesity or overweight have a much greater risk of developing different kinds of serious disease conditions. Obesity is not a problem only in developed countries; it is also starting to increase in developing countries as well. The Republic of Macedonia is a developing country for which no single data exist concerning prevalence of the overweight or obesity. In this study for the first time, we try to tackle the frequency of the overweight and obesity true examination of body mass index (BMI) in adult Macedonian populations. The results show that the prevalence of overweight is very high 50.98% in male and much less in female 20.38%. On the contrary, overweight frequency of obesity is much lower; 10.46% in male and 6.16% in female. The men and women of the older age group (>30) show the significant higher value. In total 33.24% of the Macedonian population are overweight and 7.92% have obesity. The study gave evidence for overweight and obesity, data which calls the government and other responsible organizations on emergency dealing in the pattern of making more deep study and to take the measure for decrease of especially high overweight in Macedonian population as prevention measure for possible increase of obesity in the future.
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