Cardiovascular risk factors attributable to obesity and overweight in Switzerland
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Abstract Introduction Emerging evidence suggests that the “healthy migrant effect” may diminish over time with increasing years of residency in the host country. However, few studies have documented the duration of residence associated with the prevalence of obesity among female migrants. This study examined the hypothesis that acculturation is associated with an increased prevalence of obesity among female migrants in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Results The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of the age of participants was 34.0 ± 9.9 years. The overall prevalence of overweight, obesity, and central adiposity was 30.0, 16.8, and 43.2%, respectively. The prevalence of overweight, obesity, and central adiposity varied across nationalities, with 28.6, 6.9, and 30.3% among Filipinos; 30.1, 37.5, and 66.9% among Arabs; and 33.1, 17.3, and 72.4% among South Asians, respectively. After controlling for age, female migrants with ≥5 years of residence in the UAE were twice as likely to be overweight or obese (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.12 [95%confidence interval (CI): 1.05–4.27]) and having a central adiposity (aOR: 2.05 [95%CI: 1.09–3.84]) as compared with those with fewer years of residence. Female migrants who reported walking for ≤30 min/d were less likely to be overweight or obese (aOR: 0.41 [95%CI: 0.17–0.97]) or exhibit central adiposity (aOR: 0.21 [95%CI: 0.08, 0.59]). Conclusion The findings of the study suggest that duration of residence among female migrants in the UAE is an indicator of acculturation and is associated with unfavorable changes in body composition. Public health programs should focus on promoting healthy lifestyle choices and physical activity among females in the UAE.
Acculturation
Odds
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Overweight and obesity have reached epidemic proportions globally, with a world- wide prevalence of around 39%. It is the fifth leading cause of death, resulting in about 2.8 million deaths of adults globally every year. Diabetes (44%), Ischaemic heart disease (23%) and certain cancer(7-14%) burdens are attributable to overweight or obesity. The problem is not only restricted to developed countries but poses a new challenge for developing countries, calling for immediate attention. In developed countries, food patterns like energy-dense food consumption and sedentary lifestyles may contribute to this increasing burden of obesity. While in developing countries like India, there is a transition from traditional food patterns to more westernised food which includes highly-saturated fats, sugar, and refined food. Apart from this, reduced levels of physical activity, better transport facilities, better healthcare, and increased stress, particularly in the rapidly-growing urban populations, are all critical factors leading to an increased burden of obesity in India. According to the National Nutritional Monitoring Bureau (NNMB) report (2012), the prevalence of overweight/obesity was significantly higher in those with high consumption levels of milk and milk products, fats and oils, sugar, and salt. India has more than 30 million obese people, which is increasing alarmingly. The problem is more acute among women than men. In India, the proportion of overweight or obese women is 24%, one percent higher than that of men (23%).
Nutrition Transition
Consumption
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Background: India with around 1.2 billion people is the world’s second most populous country and is recently facing rapid epidemiological transition. Under nutrition because of poverty which ruled in the past is being rapidly replaced by overweight and obesity.Methods: The cross-sectional study was done among school going Adolescents. Sample size was 309. Questionnaire of Global School Health Survey (core questionnaire of site specific) was used. The independents variables were dietary habits like eating fruits, vegetables, fast food, dairy products, bakery products, sweets, chocolates and carbonated soft drinks whereas the dependent variables were overweight and obesity.Results: The 53 (17.15%) of the students were having overweight and 22 (07.12%) of them were obese. No association observed between dietary habits like locally available fruits and vegetables with overweight and obesity. Significant association observed between dietary habits like fast food, dairy products, bakery products, sweets, chocolates and carbonated soft drinks with overweight and obesity.Conclusions: Unhealthy dietary habits had noticeable impact on prevalence of overweight and obesity among school going adolescents.
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Aim: To assess secular changes in physical growth and the current prevalence and trend of overweight/obesity in Argentinian schoolchildren.Subjects and methods: One thousand and forty-nine schoolchildren aged 6 and 12 years attending schools in 1990 were compared with an age-matched sample of 935 boys and girls collected between 2005–2007. Changes in weight, height and BMI by age between the surveys were analysed using one-way analysis of variance. Overweight and obesity were defined according to IOTF criteria and compared by Chi-squared test. Odds ratios (OR) and intervals of confidence (95% CI) were also calculated.Results: Six and 12 year-old boys and girls were significantly heavier (1.2–3.2 kg) and had higher BMIs (0.7–1.0 kg/m2) in 2005–2007 than in 1990. Significant differences in height were seen in 6 year old boys (1.5 cm) and 12 year old girls (1.3 cm). Overweight and obesity increased by 4.4% (OR = 1.4, 1.1–1.8) and 5.9% (OR = 4.3, 2.8–6.5), respectively; obesity being higher in younger children.Conclusion: The disharmonic secular change in weight and height has led to high overweight/obesity. The obesity increase is consistent with global and regional trends, indicating a shift in BMI distribution, especially at the higher centiles.
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【Objective】To find out the influencing factors of obesity and overweight among the college students in Yunnan province.【Method】The self-designed questionnaires were used for collecting data and SPSS 17.0 was used to analyze risk factors.【Result】Factors that entered model were about more drink,less dinner,eating more fat and other greasy foods,which may lead to the obesity and overweight.【Conclusion】Obesity and overweight were caused by many factors.For good healthy,we should develop a reasonable diet habits and comprehensive intervene should be taken to control the obesity and overweight.
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To investigate the prevalence and distributing feature of overweight and obesity in Han, Uygur and Hazakh population in adults from Xinjiang.Four-stage selected random samples with maternal age at 35 or over were used to analyze the prevalence and distributing feature of self-reported congestive heart failure in different nationalities, age, sex. The sampled adult population were collected from 6 localities (Urumqi, Kelamayi, Fukang, the Turfan Basin locality, Hetian locality, Yili Hazakh autonomous prefecture), 23 municipalities and 7 locality and 5 autonomous counties in Xinjiang.16 460 people were surveyed. The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 36.1% and 26.9% in Han, Uygur and Hazakh population in Xinjiang, respectively from February, 2007. The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 41.4% and 18.4% in Han population, 34.9% and 28.9% in Uygur population, but 32.8% and 40.1% in Hazakh population. The prevalence rate of overweight and obesity was higher in males (χ(2) = 135.00, P < 0.05). The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were different between different ethnic groups (χ(2) = 338.232, P < 0.05). The prevalence of overweight was highest in Han population, with the highest seen in Hazakh population. The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were increasing with age (χ(2) = 246.80, P < 0.05). The overweight rate in 45-54 year olds and the obesity rate in 55-64 year olds reached their peak values. Results from logistic regression model analyses indicated that the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Xinjiang were statistically associated with age, educational level, jobs, smoking and alcohol consumption.The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were much higher in the population of Xinjiang but different among ethnicities. The prevalence of overweight was the highest in Han male population and the rate of obesity in Hazakh male population was the highest.
Prevalence
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Summary This study evaluated the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the male Sardinian population (Italy), and verifies that it has increased over the last 30 years. Data were collected during 2003–2004 from military registers in the Archive of the Military District of Cagliari for the years 1969 and 1998. A total of 22,345 forms were analysed from all Sardinia. The conscripts were classified on the basis of their place of residence and socioeconomic status. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity in Sardinia were 4.33% and 0.55%, respectively, for the conscripts of 1969 and 9.8% and 3% for 1998. Olbia-Tempio (northern Sardinia) was the province with the highest incidence of overweight and obesity in 1969, and Nuoro (central Sardinia) had the highest incidence in 1998. Distribution of body mass index, overweight and obesity across the island showed a statistically significant heterogeneity that strongly decreased from 1969 to 1998. Among the conscripts of 1969, the incidence of overweight and obesity were higher in rural than in urban regions. An opposite trend was observed for the 1998 prevalence, it being more frequent in urban than rural regions. Comparison with other Italian regions was made. The percentages of overweight and obese individuals in Sardinia have markedly increased during the last 30 years, but their low incidence with respect to other Italian populations could be explained by the genetic peculiarity of the island. The change in the internal distribution of obesity clearly reflects socioeconomic changes.
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Objective To provide evidence for intervention measures on overweight and obesity through a survey of dietary and physical factors on the people in rural Hebei province.Methods An investigation on dietary and physical factors of overweight and obesity was conduced among people aged 18 and over in rural with a uniform questionaire.Results There were 2315 subjects were interviewed and physically measured.The crude prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 30.7% and 15.8%,respectively.Major risk factors influencing overweight/fat were over energy intakes,over fat intakes and over static live time.Conclusion Rational dietary pattern(lower energy and fat intakes) and physical activity are a important preventable influencing factors on overweight and obesity.
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The results of an epidemiological survey indicate high incidence of obesity and overweight among adult population in a district of Moscow and in the Moscow region. Obesity and overweight were recorded in 46.3% of persons examined at a large industrial enterprise, in 35% at a food plant; 16% of persons with overweight and 26% with obesity were recorded among the unorganized population of the district in Moscow; 35.4% of sovkhoz workers were obese. The survey has shown that the main reasons for high incidence of obesity are excessive nutrition and poor physical activity. Obesity is a risk factor for the development of various diseases and carries hazards for the health of the population.
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This cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among secondary school children aged 12 to 14 years in the city of Mashhad, Iran and its association with parental body mass index.A total of 1189 secondary school children (579 males and 610 females) aged 12- 14 years old were selected through a stratified multistage random sampling. All adolescents were measured for weight and height. Household socio-demographic information and parental weight and height were self-reported by parents. Adolescents were classified as overweight or obese based on BMI-for age Z-score. Multivariable logistic Regression (MLR) determined the relationship between parental BMI and adolescent overweight and obesity.The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity among secondary school children in Mashhad was 17.2% and 11.9%, respectively. A higher proportion of male (30.7%) than female (27.4%) children were overweight or obese. BMI of the children was significantly related to parental BMI (p<0.001), gender (p= 0.02), birth order (p<0.01), parents' education level (p<0.001), father's employment status (p<0.001), and family income (p<0.001). MLR showed that the father's BMI was significantly associated with male BMI (OR: 2.02) and female BMI (OR: 1.59), whereas the mother's BMI was significantly associated with female BMI only (OR: 0.514).The high prevalence of overweight/obesity among the research population compared with previous studies in Iran could be related to the changing lifestyle of the population. The strong relationship with parental BMI was probably related to a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors. Strategies to address childhood obesity should consider the interaction of these factors.目的：本横横断面研究调查了伊朗马什哈德市年龄在12-14 岁的中学生超重和肥胖情况，并分析与其父母身高体重指数的相关性。方法：采用分层多级随机抽 样1189 名年龄在12-14 岁的中学生(599 名男性，610 名女性)作为调查对象。所 有青少年均测量身高体重。父母提供家庭社会相关信息及自己的身高体重。青 少年们的超重和肥胖是根据年龄相关BMI 的Z-Score 区分的，采用多变量 logistic 回归法(MLR)分析父母BMI 与孩子超重或肥胖的关系。结果：在马什哈 德市中学生中，总的超重或肥胖率分别为17.2%和11.9%。其中男孩的超重或肥 胖率(30.7%) 高于女孩(27.4%) 。孩子的BMI 与父母BMI (p<0.001) 、性别 (p=0.02)、出生时体重(p<0.01)、父母受教育程度(p<0.01)、父亲的职业地位 (p<0.001)、以及家庭收入(p<0.001)都呈显著相关。MLR 分析还提示父亲的BMI 与男孩BMI (OR：2.02)及女孩BMI (OR：1.59)具有显著相关性，而母亲的BMI 则只与女孩BMI (OR：0.514)相关。结论：与之前的对伊朗人群的研究相比，本 研究结果显示超重/肥胖率有所升高，提示人们生活方式的改变。与父母BMI 的 显著相关性可能是由于遗传和生活方式的共同作用结果。在制定控制儿童肥胖 计划时，应当将这些因素的相互作用考虑进去。
Family income
Cross-sectional study
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