Thyroid hormones and carnitine in the second trimester negatively affect neonate birth weight: A prospective cohort study
4
Citation
20
Reference
10
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Abstract:
Maternal thyroid hormones and carnitine are reported to affect neonate birth weight during the second trimester, which is one of the most important markers for fetal growth and perinatal mortality and morbidity. Nevertheless, the effect of thyroid hormone and carnitine in the second trimester on birth weight has yet to be understood.This was a prospective cohort study with 844 subjects enrolled during the first trimester. Thyroid hormones, free carnitine (C0), neonate birth weight, as well as other related clinical and metabolic data were collected and assessed.Pre-pregnancy weight and body mass index (BMI) as well as neonate birth weight were significantly different among different free thyroxine (FT4) level groups. Maternal weight gain and neonate birth weight varied significantly when grouped by different thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. There was a significantly positive correlation between C0 and TSH (r = 0.31), free triiodothyronine (FT3) (r = 0.37), and FT4 (r = 0.59) (all P < 0.001). In addition, a significantly negative influence was found between birth weight and TSH (r = -0.48, P = 0.028), so as C0 (r = -0.55, P < 0.001) and FT4 (r = -0.64, P < 0.001). Further assessment detected a stronger combined effect of C0 and FT4 (P < 0.001) and of C0 and FT3 (P = 0.022) on birth weight.Maternal C0 and thyroid hormones are of great importance in neonate birth weight, and routine examination of C0 and thyroid hormones during the second trimester has a positive effect on the intervention of birth weight.Keywords:
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Aims: To determine the serum ferritin levels amongst low birth weight neonates and to correlate it with different categories of low birth weight. To determine the role of birth weight in predicting changes in serum ferritin levels.
Methodology: This was a prospective comparative cross sectional study which was carried out at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu, Nigeria between June and December 2014. The study included 140 newborns of all birth weights delivered at the UNTH. These were categorized into extremely low birth weight (ELBW), very low birth weight (VLBW), low birth weight (LBW) normal birth weight and macrosomic. Babies with C-reactive protein levels > 10mg/dl, who were intra-uterine growth restricted, and whose mothers had conditions associated with low iron stores were excluded from the study. Anthropometric measurements were done for all subjects. Serum ferritin was measured at birth and this was correlated with birth weight and gestational age.
Results: Serum ferritin levels ranged from 20.6 to 296.4µg/l. Ferritin levels showed a steady increase in relation to birth weight. (F = 42.453, P < .001). There was a significant association between ferritin levels and categories of birth weight. ELBW babies were 98 times more likely to have low ferritin levels than babies with normal weight (P < .001, OR = 97.600, 95% C.I = 10.083 – 944.711). VLBW and LBW babies were more likely to have low ferritin levels than babies with normal weight (P < .001, OR = 0.070, 95% C.I = 0.017 – 0.291)(P = .006, OR = 0.201, 95% C.I = 0.064 – 0.635). Only birthweight was a significant positive predictor of low ferritin levels (P = .024).
Conclusion: Serum ferritin in new-borns showed a significant association with birth weight. Birth weight is a positive predictor of low serum ferritin levels.
Cite
Citations (1)
The psychological development of 18-month-old children born with very-low-birth-weight (N=10) and extremely-low-birth-weight (N=8) was compared by using the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development. Children with extremely-low-birth-weight showed significantly lower total DQ than children with very-low-birth-weight (p<.01).Cognitive-Adaptive DQ (p<.01) and Language-Social DQ (p<.01) in children with extremely-low-birth-weight were lower than in children with very-low-birth-weight. Among the children with extremely-low-birth-weight, the DQ of both the Cognitive-Adaptive Area and the Language-Social Area were significantly lower than the Postural-Motor Area (p<.01). These results revealed severe developmental retardation and unbalanced developmental characteristics in 18-month-old children born with extremely-low-birth-weight, whereas the children who had had very-low-birth-weight showed no significant differences among their DQ in 3 different areas, even though corrected age was used.
Cite
Citations (0)
Introduction: Birth weight <2500 grams, <1500 grams and <1000 grams irrespective of gestational age is low birth weight, very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight respectively. Low birth weight is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Aims: To find out the possible maternal risk factors associated with low birth weight babies, morbidities and mortalities seen in them during their hospital stay. Methods: Hospital based cross sectional observational study was performed in 200 newborns <2500 grams in Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalpur, Banke, Nepal. Results: Out of 200 neonates 8 (4%), 40 (20%) and 152 (76%) were extremely low birth weight, very low birth weight and low birth weight respectively with Male:Female ratio of 1.12:1. Most common maternal risk factors for low birth weight was Illiterate mothers (88%) followed by preterm delivery (68%). Inadequate antenatal visit was associated with low birth weight (P<0.05). Most common morbidity seen in low birth weight was neonatal sepsis (96%) followed by neonatal jaundice (87%). 44 (22.0%) neonates expired and 156 (78.0%) survived. Neonatal sepsis was most common (36.4%) cause of mortality followed by respiratory distress syndrome (22.7%). Conclusion: Certain measures could be taken to prevent low birth weight deliveries: discouraging delivery at teenage, adequate antenatal visits, avoiding smoking and alcohol during pregnancy. Well trained staffs and better facilities in neonatal intensive care unit could improve the survival and minimize the morbidities in low birth neonates.
Cite
Citations (0)
Analysis of US Natality Statistics using a bivariate (birth weight-gestational age) approach shows that trends among term-low-birth-weight infants (less than or equal to 2,500 g; greater than or equal to 37 weeks, term low birth weight) and preterm-low-birth-weight infants (less than or equal to 2,500 g; less than 37 weeks, preterm low birth weight) have different patterns over time and by race. Between 1970 and 1980 the incidence of preterm low birth weight for all races declined 7.1%, while the term-low-birth-weight incidence declined almost three times as much (20.9%). The incidence of preterm low birth weight among white infants, during the same period, declined 9.0% with the black preterm-low-birth-weight rate declining by 5.8%. The term-low-birth-weight incidence, however, was 24.6% lower among whites and 14.9% lower among black term-low-birth-weight infants for the same period. The reduction in the overall low-birth-weight incidence for both populations is principally caused by reduction in the incidence of term-low-birth-weight infants. Term- and preterm-low-birth-weight infants reflect different etiologic insults and require different intervention strategies for prevention.
Cite
Citations (85)
Objective To study the variation of flash visual evoked potential(FVEP)in preterm low birth weight infants and its related influencing factors.Methods FVEP was performed in low birth weight and very low birth weight infants hospitalized with perinatal complications from November 2007 to December 2008,and a group of preterm low birth weight infants without any complication as well as normal term infants group served as controls.A logistic regression analysis for the perinatal factors was applied subsequently in the premature infants with abnormal main wave P1 and then regression equation was established by related factors screening.Results The mean latency periods of N1,P1,N2 wave were(181.4±26.7)ms,(217.3±26.5)ms,(249.2±26.5)ms in the very low birth weight group,and(177.6±18.7)ms,(217.6±23.2)ms,(250.1±20.4)ms in the low birth weight group,comparing to(158.9±32.1)ms,(199.9±13.3)ms,(232.9±16.7)ms in the low birth weight controls.We observed that the latency period of each wave were longer in the very low birth weight or low birth weight infants than that in the terms.Meanwhile,the latency periods of main wave P1 were detected longer in testing groups than in that of the controls.And there were significant differences respectively(P0.001).As to the abnormal rate,it's also detected higher in testing groups than in the low birth weight controls.The major related influencing factors in low birth weight infants with abnormal main wave was brain injury.Conclusion Abnormal rate of FVEP was detected higher in the preterm low birth weight infants with complications in the perinatal period,and the variation was closely related to brain injury.
Cite
Citations (0)
The extent to which low birth weight confers a risk for poor school function remains an important question. Children (N = 1868) in four birth weight categories [extremely low birth weight (ELBW; children weighed ≤ 1000 g at birth, n = 247), other very low birth weight (1001 through 1500 g, n = 364), heavier low birth weight (1501 through 2500 g, n = 724), and normal birth weight (NBW > 2500 g, n = 533)] were compared on indicators of school achievement which included grade failure, placement in special classes, classification as handicapped, and math and reading achievement scores (Woodcock-Johnson Battery). Our results indicate that as birth weight decreases, the prevalence of grade failure, placement in special classes, and classification as handicapped increases, even when controlling for maternal education and neonatal stay. Moreover, ELBW children score lower than all other birth weight groups on math and reading achievement tests. Even among children with IQ scores above 85, ELBW children still obtain lower math scores than NBW children, suggesting the potential for future educational needs. J Dev Behav Pediatr 15:248–256, 1994. Index terms: at-risk infants, low birth weight infants, premature infants, school achievement, grade failure.
Cite
Citations (158)
Prevalence of low birth weight deliveries may vary across different environments. The necessity of determination of regional data prompted this study.Information of all deliveries from January 2004 to December 2008 was obtained from delivery registry records retrospectively. Initial data including birth weight, vital status, sex, maternal age and mode of delivery were recorded using medical files. The frequency of low birth weight, very low birth weight, extremely low birth weight and stillbirth deliveries were determined.Among 19,533 total births, there were 450 (23.04 per 1000) stillbirths. Low birth weight rate was 10.61%. A significant increase in yearly distribution of low birth weight deliveries was observed (P<0.001). Very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight delivery rates were 3.14% and 1.58% respectively. Among 2073 low birth weight infants, 333 (16.06%) were stillbirths. The stillbirth delivery rate and the birth of a female infant among low birth weight deliveries were significantly higher than infants with birth weight ≥2500g (P<0.001, OR=28.37), (P<0.001) retrospectively. There was no statistical difference between low birth weight and maternal age. The rate of cesarean section among low birth weight infants was 49.4%.High low birth weight and stillbirth rates, as well as the increase in low birth weight deliveries over the past five years in this study are striking. For reduction of increased low birth weight rates, appropriate intervention methods should be initiated.
Medical record
Cite
Citations (13)
Birth weight is the first weight of the new born obtained immediately after birth with in the first hour of life before significant weight loss occurred after birth [1]. World Health Organization (WHO) classified birth weight as macrosomia, normal birth weight (NBW) and low birth weight (LBW). Low birth weight is defined as having a birth weight of less than 2500 g regardless of gestational age and is further classified as very low birth weight (VLBW), a new-born birth weight less than 1500 g and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) is a neonate having birth weight less than 1000 g at birth regardless gestational age [2]. Globally over the last twenty years the world made extensive progress in reducing mortality among less than 28 days aged children. Despite progress over the past two decades, in 2017 alone, 2.5 millions of neonates died, due to low birth weight, prematurity and other preventable causes of neonatal death [3]. Child who have Low birth weight children have immature immune function are also prone to have increased risk of disease, lower IQ and cognitive disabilities which could affect their performance in schoo
Cite
Citations (0)
All low birth weight infants admitted to the neonatal unit of the Ethio-Swedish Children's Hospital (ESCH), Addis Ababa from September 1995 to August 1996 were followed until discharge. There were 604 babies with birth weight of less than 2,500 grams and 198 of them died in the hospital making the low birth weight mortality rate of 32.8%. More than 90% of these babies were admitted to the unit with body temperature of less than 36.5 degrees C irrespective of their birth places. Gestational age, birth weight and presence of mother in the neonatal unit had significant role in determining survival of the low birth weight infants. Prematurity related conditions were the most common causes of death followed by infection of the unit. Recommendations are made to improve survival rates of the low birth weight infants in Addis Ababa.
Cite
Citations (7)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Cite
Citations (0)