Low Birth Weight and Associated Factor among neonate Born
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Birth weight is the first weight of the new born obtained immediately after birth with in the first hour of life before significant weight loss occurred after birth [1]. World Health Organization (WHO) classified birth weight as macrosomia, normal birth weight (NBW) and low birth weight (LBW). Low birth weight is defined as having a birth weight of less than 2500 g regardless of gestational age and is further classified as very low birth weight (VLBW), a new-born birth weight less than 1500 g and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) is a neonate having birth weight less than 1000 g at birth regardless gestational age [2]. Globally over the last twenty years the world made extensive progress in reducing mortality among less than 28 days aged children. Despite progress over the past two decades, in 2017 alone, 2.5 millions of neonates died, due to low birth weight, prematurity and other preventable causes of neonatal death [3]. Child who have Low birth weight children have immature immune function are also prone to have increased risk of disease, lower IQ and cognitive disabilities which could affect their performance in schooCite
【Objective】 According to the Urumqi municipal hospital delivery records in recent ten years,analysis of the neonatal birth weight,study of low birth weight infants and macrosomia the incidence and the related factors.【Method】 From 2002 January to 2011 December in Urumqi city hospital,5 421 cases of neonatal birth weight were investigated retrospectively,and analyzed of gestational age,maternal age,maternal race and other factors associated with low birth weight,fetal macrosomia relationship.【Results】 1)5 421 cases of neonatal mean birth weight was(3 399.95± 475.94)g,baby boy mean birth weight was(3 457.05± 475.94)g,girl's mean birth weight was(3 335.43±467.72)g.2)The rate of low birth weight was 2.60%,associated with preterm birth,maternal,newborn gender related tribe,the differences were statistically significant.3)The incidence of macrosomia was 10.20%,with gestational age,maternal age,neonatal sex related,the differences were statistically significant.【Conclusion】 Nearly ten years neonatal birth weight increases smoothly;the prevention of preterm birth is important measures to reduce the rate of low birth weight,the higher incidence of macrosomia,should be paid attantion to,neonatal birth weight is necessary to observ year after year.
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Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation of gestational age and birth weight with weight gain of very low birth weight infants(VLBWI) during their hospital stay. Method: This is a 5 year retrospective study of which data were collected through review of medical records. Subjects were 124 VLBW infants with a birth weight more than 1000g and less than 1500g who received neonatal intensive care at the university hospital between January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2001. Result: After calculating the z scores of birth weights and discharge weights, z scores of discharge weight and birth weight were compared with the median weight of a fetus of comparable gestational age based on an intrauterine growth reference. There was a significant difference between z scores of birth weight and discharge weight(t=11.60, df=122, p=0.000). Regardless of intensive care during the prolonged hospital stay, VLBW infants showed slow growth rate compared with the median weight of a fetus of comparable gestational age. Conclusion: VLBW infants developed a poor velocity of weight gain during the prolonged hospital stay after birth. The development worsened during the period of physiological weight loss and regain, and they did not reach to comparable growth rate of normal fetus even at the time of discharge. This poor growth velocity of VLBW infants influence negatively for their future growth. Therefore nureses who work at the neonatal intensive care unit must develop an effective nursing intervention protocol to promote the velocity of weight gain and to conduct the parental educational sessions to emphasize the importance of weight gain for VLBW infants at home.
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The study concerns the problem of low birth weight as seen in a prospectively studied cohort from a South Delhi urban community covering 23,700 families and 1,19,799 population over a four year period from 1969-73. The incidence of low birth weight was 22.9 per cent of which 2.7 per cent had a birth weight of 2000 gms. or less and 20.2 per cent had a birth weight 2001-2500 gms. Maternal height of 140 cms or less and pregravid weight of 35 kg or less were associated with the occurrence of low birth weight infant. The mortality was related inversely to birth weight and the gestation affected the outcome directly. The mortality rates declined sharply in infants of birth weight 2001-2500 gms but was still high as compared to infants of birth weight more than 2.5 kg. The later physical growth was affected by the initial birth weight. The study was conducted under the research project 01-658-2 funded by the National Centre for Health Statistics, 3700 East West Highway, Hyattsville, Maryland-20782, U.S.A.In a 4 year prospective study of all infants born to 23,700 urban families in 9 localities in South Delhi, the birth weight of 22.9% of the 6,026 infants, who were born during the course of the study, was 2500 gm or less. 20.2% of the infants weighed between 2001-2500 gm and 2.7% weighted less than 2000 gm. The mortality rate for the low birth weight infants throughout the perinatal, neonatal, and infant period was higher than for the normal birth weight infants; however, there was a sharp decline in mortality for the group which weighted 2001-2500 gm at birth when compared with the group which weighted 1501-2000 gm. Moraltiy for all birth weight groups was 2-4 times higher for births with a gestation duration of less than 37 weeks compared to those with a gestation of more than 37 weeks. Low birth weight affected later physical growth. 24 months after birth, the weight of infants with a birth weight of 1500-1750 was 7.8 kg and their length was 76.0 cm. For infants with birth weights of 1750-2000 gm the respective measurements were 8.1 kg and 76.9 cm. For infants with birth weights of 2001-2250 gm, the measurements were 9.0 kg and 77.3 cm, and for the 2251-2500 gm infants they were 9.5 kg and 79.5 cm. Low birth weight was associated with 1) extreme maternal age; 2) maternal height of 140 cm or less and a pregravid weight of 35 kg or less; and 3) maternal anemia. The study was conducted from November 1969 to March 1973. All married women who were located in a house to house census were followed up every 2 months, and those who became pregnant were then followed throughout their pregnancy. The infants who were born to these women were examined during the first for the next 2 years. Tables show: 1) birth weight by maternal age, parity, height, weight, and hemoglobin; 2) perinatal neonatal and infant mortality by birth weight group and by birth weight group according to gestation duration; and 3) weight, height, and head circumference of infants at periodic follow-up for 24 months after birth for each birth weight group.
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Objective:To analyze the change trend of birth weight of neonates,explore its relationship with delivery outcomes.Methods:The total delivery medical records were selected as study objects from obstetric department in a hospital in Hainan from 2005 to 2009,the changes of neonatal weight and neonatal outcomes were analyzed.Results:The average birth weight of neonates in recent five years was(3 144.36±516.47) g,and the average birth weight of full-term neonates of single pregnancy was(3 222.13±411.74) g.There was no significant difference in average birth weight of neonates among different years(F=1.321,P=0.26).In recent five years,195 low birth weight infants(8.1%),2 125 normal birth weight infants(87.8%) and 99 macrosomia(4.1%) were born.The incidences of low birth weight infants,normal birth weight infants and macrosomia maintained balance in recent five years,there was no significant difference(χ2=13.34,P=0.10).The rates of neonatal asphyxia within 1 minute,5 minutes and neonatal mortality in low birth weight infants were significantly higher than those in normal birth weight infants and macrosomia(χ2=26.45,P0.05),there was no significant difference in the rates of neonatal asphyxia within 1 minute,5 minutes and neonatal mortality between normal birth weight infants and macrosomia(χ2=2.79,P=0.10;χ2=2.39,P=0.15;χ2=0.42,P=0.50).Conclusion:The change trend of birth weight of neonates is balanced,low birth weight is a main risk factor of neonatal asphyxia and mortality.Prolonging gestational weeks and preventing premature delivery may increase the survival rate of neonates.
Neonatal Mortality
Fetal macrosomia
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【Objective】 To understand the present distribution of newborns' gestational age specific birth weight in Shanghai. 【Method】 A describing analysis was done using the data from the birth registration system. 【Results】 Live birth weight rose with greater gestational age until 41 weeks with a fast increasing time from 31 to 37 weeks.Boys had higher birth weights than girls,later born children higher weights than firstborn.The median birth weight at present was higher than that of 1970s.The median birth weight in Shanghai was higher than that in HongKong but lower than that in the United States presently. 【Conclusion】 Live birth weight rose compared with 1970s,Shanghai's babies are heavier than HongKong's,but lower than the United States'.
Firstborn
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Abstract An analysis of all births in Tasmania from 1975 to 1983 showed that social class differences in low birth weights were almost entirely restricted to infants between 1500 and 2500 g weight at birth. There was a marginal increase in very low birth weight infants (<1500 g) among women whose partners were unemployed or in unskilled work but extremely low birth weight infants (<1000 g) were evenly distributed across the whole social spectrum.
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