Study the Camellia Drupifera Mature-Seeds from Hainan and Liangguang Using Comparative Metabolomic Analysis And Network Pharmacology Approach
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To insight into the chemical components and their health-promoting function of Camellia drupifera mature-seeds (CMS) in Hainan and Liangguang, UPLC-MS/MS- and HS-SPME/GC-MS-based widely targeted metabolomic analyses and network pharmacology approaches were combined preformed to Camellia drupifera mature-seeds samples (CMSSs). Totally, 1057 metabolites were identified, of which 76 and 99 metabolites were annotated as key active ingredients in Traditional Chinese Medicines and the active pharmaceutical ingredients for seven human disease-resistance, respectively. Comparative analysis revealed different metabolomic profiles of CMSSs from Hainan and Liangguang. KEGG annotation and enrichment analysis showed secondary metabolic pathways, especially “flavone and flavonol biosynthesis”, were played important roles. Finally, 22 metabolites that only detected in CMSSs from Hainan or Liangguang were explored as potential indicators to separate CMS from Hainan out of Liangguang. Our findings enhanced the understanding of chemical compositions of CMS and provided valuable information for the healthy development of oil-tea Camellia industry in Hainan.Keywords:
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Summary The main goal of metabolomics is the comprehensive qualitative and quantitative analysis of the time‐ and space‐resolved distribution of all metabolites present in a given biological system. Because metabolite structures, in contrast to transcript and protein sequences, are not directly deducible from the genomic DNA sequence, the massive increase in genomic information is only indirectly of use to metabolomics, leaving compound annotation as a key problem to be solved by the available analytical techniques. Furthermore, as metabolites vary widely in both concentration and chemical behavior, there is no single analytical procedure allowing the unbiased and comprehensive structural elucidation and determination of all metabolites present in a given biological system. In this review the different approaches for targeted and non‐targeted metabolomics analysis will be described with special emphasis on mass spectrometry‐based techniques. Particular attention is given to approaches which can be employed for the annotation of unknown compounds. In the second part, the different experimental approaches aimed at tissue‐specific or subcellular analysis of metabolites are discussed including a range of non‐mass spectrometry based technologies.
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The field of metabolomics for cancer diagnosis and characterization is relatively new, and especially the application of metabolomics for in-vivo cancer imaging is still in its infancy. Cancer metabolomics involves the study of global variations of metabolites, with which malignancy conditions can be evaluated by profiling the entire measurable metabolome, instead of focusing only on certain metabolites or isolated metabolic pathways. At present, the study of cancer metabolomics is mainly accomplished utilizing magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and mass spectrometry (MS). These studies aim to uncover disease-specific metabolomic profiles in order to better understand variations in the involved pathways of cancer metabolism, and to utilize these profiles to establish metabolomic criteria for cancer detection, characterization, and patient prognostication and monitoring. The ultimate goal for cancer metabolomics is its implementation in the clinic to improve clinical abilities for cancer diagnosis and characterization, and through the development of in-vivo metabolomic imaging these clinical goals can be achieved noninvasively.
Keywords:
cancer;
metabolomics;
metabolomic imaging;
magnetic resonance spectroscopy;
mass spectrometry
Metabolome
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With the observation on biological characteristics and ornamental appraisement of Camellia reticulata,varieties proper for the market and application were selected based on comprehensive characters. The observation showed that Camellia reticulata 'Fengshancha' was the best for its beautiful flowers,strong resistance and growth potential. Special characters of Camellia reticulata 'Tongzimian' and Camellia reticulata 'Juban' made them proper for potting in family. The crown shape of Camellia reticulate 'Mayeyinhong'and Camellia reticulata 'Houyediechi' is more beautiful than other varieties,so they usually be planted in courtyard. For the lack of resistance,Camellia reticulata 'Hongxiayingchun' should be planted alone in gardens. Camellia reticulata 'Dalicha',Camellia reticulata 'Shizitou' and Camellia reticulata ' Zaotaohong' are traditional varieties,and they are of great potential to cultivate trees with large plant shape. At the temperature of- 3. 6 ℃,all varieties showed strong resistance to low temperature,and no freeze injury appeared.
Camellia
Ornamental plant
Camellia oleifera
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Camellia
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Yunnan is the most important birthplace and development center of the camellia in the world. “Yunnan camellia is said to be the best in the world” since ancient times. For centuries all peoples in Yunnan have planted, enjoyed and praised the camellia constantly. In our lives the camellia is strongly impressed on us and forms a continuous camellia culture.
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Metabolomics, the analysis of the metabolite profile in body fluids or tissues, is being applied to the analysis of a number of different diseases as well as being used in following responses to therapy. While genomics involves the study of gene expression and proteomics the expression of proteins, metabolomics investigates the consequences of the activity of these genes and proteins. There is good reason to think that metabolomics will find particular utility in the investigation of inflammation, given the multi-layered responses to infection and damage that are seen. This may be particularly relevant to eye disease, which may have tissue specific and systemic components. Metabolomic analysis can inform us about ocular or other body fluids and can therefore provide new information on pathways and processes involved in these responses. In this review, we explore the metabolic consequences of disease, in particular ocular conditions, and why the data may be usefully and uniquely assessed using the multiplexed analysis inherent in the metabolomic approach.
Functional Genomics
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Metabolomics is the study of low molecular weight molecules or metabolites produced within cells and biological systems. It involves technologies such as mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) that can measure hundreds of thousands of unique chemical entities (UCEs). The metabolome provides one of the most accurate reflections of cellular activity at the functional level and can be leveraged to discern mechanistic information during normal and disease states. The advantages of metabolomics over other “omics” include its high sensitivity and ability to enable the analysis of relatively few metabolites compared with the number of genes and messenger RNAs (mRNAs). In clinical samples, metabolites are more stable than proteins or RNA. In fact, metabolomic profiling in basic, epidemiologic, clinical, and translational studies has revealed potential new biomarkers of disease and therapeutic outcome and has led to a novel mechanistic understanding of pathogenesis. These potential biomarkers include novel metabolites associated with cancer initiation, regression, and recurrence. Unlike genomics or even proteomics, however, the degree of metabolite complexity and heterogeneity within biological systems presents unique challenges that require specialized skills and resources to overcome. This article discusses epidemiologic studies of altered metabolite profiles in several cancers as well as challenges in the field and potential approaches to overcoming them.
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Each cell contains many different metabolites and chemical molecules which are generated during cellular process. All the metabolites present in a cell at a particular time is called metabolome. The study of all the metabolites and their modification in a particular condition is called metabolomics. Metabolome is closely linked with genotype, physiology and environment. So,in a nutshell, metabolomics is the study of substrates and products of metabolism which are influenced by the genetic and environmental factors. In plants, metabolomics has now been frequently developed and studied in biotic and abiotic stress resistance. High throughput metabolomics includes time efficient and effective metabolite profiling techniques. These techniques are chromatography based and chromatography free methods. Chromatographic methods are NMR, GC-MS and LC-MS . Chromatographv free techniques include DI-MS,FI-MS,MALDI and Ambient MS . This paper will give an idea about how metabolomics work in elucidating plants phenotype, how sample is prepared for metabolite profiling, different techniques of metabolite profiling and various metabolomic databases.
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