Optimizing iron seed priming for enhanced yield and biofortification of tomato
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Iron (Fe) is an important micronutrient required for healthy life. Malnutrition resulting from low Fe in plant-based foods has caused serious problems worldwide. We propose that Fe biofortification of tomato through seed priming would be an innovative approach to address the problem Fe deficiency. This research was conducted to find the impact of Fe seed priming on germination, morphology, physiology, growth, yield, and final enrichment of Fe in fruit of tomato in two commercial hybrids. Tomato seeds were primed with different concentrations of iron sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4.7H2O) in the range of 1–15 mg L−1, resulting in differential accumulation of tomato fruit Fe contents. We observed a marked improvement in tomato seedling traits, yield contributing traits, fruit quality, biochemical attributes and physiological parameters. Interestingly, the Fe treatment concentration of 10 mg L−1 demonstrated improved tomato growth with a significant increase in fruit Fe contents to of 2.04 and 2.37 which are very much higher as compared to control having Fe contents of 1.47 and 1.49 ppm respectively. Fe seed priming of tomato represents as a cost effective and user-friendly strategy for tomato biofortification which triggers Fe acquisition and its final enrichment in tomato fruit.Keywords:
Biofortification
Priming (agriculture)
Biofortification
Micronutrient deficiency
Plant Breeding
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Biofortification
Human nutrition
Micronutrient deficiency
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Anaemia in pregnancy is a common and worldwide problem that deserves more attention. For many developing countries, prevalence rates of up to 75% are reported. Anaemia is frequently severe in these situations and can be expected to contribute significantly to maternal mortality and morbidity. After a discussion of definitions, screening for anaemia and prevalence, the relationship between anaemia and maternal mortality and morbidity will be reviewed. Micronutrient deficiency and especially iron deficiency is believed to be the main underlying cause for anaemia. More recently the role of vitamin A deficiency as a contributing factor to anaemia has also been examined. The difficulties of assessment of micronutrient sufficiency or deficiency in pregnancy are described, as is the interaction between infection and micronutrient deficiency states.
Micronutrient deficiency
Nutritional deficiency
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Biofortification
Germ plasm
Micronutrient deficiency
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Widespread malnutrition of zinc (Zn), iodine (I), iron (Fe) and selenium (Se), known as hidden hunger, represents a predominant cause of several health complications in human populations where rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the major staple food. Therefore, increasing concentrations of these micronutrients in rice grain represents a sustainable solution to hidden hunger. This study aimed at enhancing concentration of Zn, I, Fe and Se in rice grains by agronomic biofortification. We evaluated effects of foliar application of Zn, I, Fe and Se on grain yield and grain concentration of these micronutrients in rice grown at 21 field sites during 2015 to 2017 in Brazil, China, India, Pakistan and Thailand. Experimental treatments were: (i) local control (LC); (ii) foliar Zn; (iii) foliar I; and (iv) foliar micronutrient cocktail (i.e., Zn + I + Fe + Se). Foliar-applied Zn, I, Fe or Se did not affect rice grain yield. However, brown rice Zn increased with foliar Zn and micronutrient cocktail treatments at all except three field sites. On average, brown rice Zn increased from 21.4 mg kg-1 to 28.1 mg kg-1 with the application of Zn alone and to 26.8 mg kg-1 with the micronutrient cocktail solution. Brown rice I showed particular enhancements and increased from 11 μg kg-1 to 204 μg kg-1 with the application of I alone and to 181 μg kg-1 with the cocktail. Grain Se also responded very positively to foliar spray of micronutrients and increased from 95 to 380 μg kg-1. By contrast, grain Fe was increased by the same cocktail spray at only two sites. There was no relationship between soil extractable concentrations of these micronutrients with their grain concentrations. The results demonstrate that irrespective of the rice cultivars used and the diverse soil conditions existing in five major rice-producing countries, the foliar application of the micronutrient cocktail solution was highly effective in increasing grain Zn, I and Se. Adoption of this agronomic practice in the target countries would contribute significantly to the daily micronutrient intake and alleviation of micronutrient malnutrition in human populations.
Biofortification
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Zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) deficiencies are well-documented public health issue and an important soil constraint to crop production. Generally, there is a close geographical overlap between soil deficiency and human deficiency of Zn and Fe, indicating a high requirement for increasing concentrations of micronutrients in food crops. Breeding new plant genotypes for high grain concentrations of Fe and Zn (genetic biofortification) is the most cost-effective strategy to address the problem; but, this strategy is a long-term process. A rapid and complementary approach is therefore required for biofortification of food crops with Zn and Fe in the short term. In this regard, a fertilizer strategy (agronomic biofortification) represents an effective way for biofortification of food crops. In this paper, several examples are presented showing that application of Zn fertilizers greatly contribute to biofortification of cereal grains with Zn. By contrast, application of various inorganic and chelated Fe fertilizers remains ineffective for increasing grain Fe concentration. However, improving nitrogen (N) nutritional status of plants promoted accumulation of Fe (and also Zn) in grain. It appears that N nutritional status of plants plays a critical role in biofortification of cereal grains with Zn and Fe.
Biofortification
Plant Breeding
Food fortification
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Plastic seedling-raising dish is as a way of floating seedling indispensable infrastructure.Long-term chemical manufacturing not only pollutes the ecological environment,also causes the increase of the seedling cost.In order to reduce the cost of seedling and cultivated qualified seedling,effects of different seedling plate height and seedling density on the seedlings growth and the occurrence of pest and disease were studied,and economic benefits of simple and portable seedling were analyzed as well.Results showed that comprehensive physiological and biochemical indexes of seedlings plate with 5cm height,seedling density of 160plants/dish seedling-rasing disks and tobacco seedlings root developed,seedling plants robust,and the low disease rate,comprehensive physiological and biochemical indexes were superior to the conventional seedling disks and tobacco seedlings,the economic benefit increased by 1.95RMB/dish,and could become environmental protection material seedling dish of the specifications of the development of dwarf reference index
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Micronutrients are essential for plant growth because they serve as catalysts for a variety of organic reactions occurring inside the plant. But it is observed that the red, lateritic and associated soils of eastern India are acidic in soil reaction, light textured, low organic matter and P and are often deficient in S and micronutrients like Zn, B, Mo. Bio-fortification is a rapidly emerging strategy to address micronutrient malnutrition, but as an agricultural strategy with health objectives, it faces unique challenges especially when Zinc (Zn) deficiency caused by inadequate dietary intake is a global nutritional problem in human populations, especially in developing countries. Agronomic biofortification or ferti-fortification is one such way of incorporating adequate amount of micronutrients in different food crops. Many professional researchers around the world are still working to mitigate this micronutrient deficiencies in crop and human and incorporate micronutrients through dietary intake of vegetable crops.
Biofortification
Food fortification
Micronutrient deficiency
Human nutrition
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Biofortification
Staple food
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Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important cereal crop that provides >20% of the global calorie intake. Bread wheat contains micronutrients, and thus plays a significant role in nutritional and food securities especially in developing countries. However, its grains are inherently deficient in some micronutrients, particularly iron and zinc, which makes them important biofortification targets. Our objective was to investigate variations in micronutrients and their relationship with grain yield components in wheat under four environments in South Africa. A population of 139 doubled haploid lines derived from a cross between cvv. Tugela-DN and Elands was phenotyped for grain iron and grain zinc concentrations and grain yield components. Heat and drought conditions at Arlington resulted in higher grain zinc concentrations and lower yield component traits; the opposite trend was observed at Bethlehem and Harrismith for both micronutrients and yield components. All traits showed transgressive segregation. Grain iron and zinc concentrations were significantly positively correlated in all four environments. The correlations between these minerals and yield components were inconsistent and ranged from significant to insignificant depending on the environment, indicating that this relationship is non-genetic. The results demonstrate that biofortification of both grain iron and grain zinc can be included as part of the breeding objectives and will not necessarily have adverse relationships with grain yield components.
Biofortification
Doubled haploidy
Plant Breeding
Micronutrient deficiency
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