Associations of Dietary Intake with the Intestinal Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids Among Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes and Overweight or Obesity
Daria IgudesmanJamie CrandellKaren D. CorbinJulie HooperJoan ThomasCynthia M. BulikBrian W. PenceRichard E. PratleyMichael R. KosorokDavid M. MaahsIan M. CarrollElizabeth J. Mayer‐Davis
16
Citation
87
Reference
10
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Keywords:
Short-chain fatty acid
Lachnospiraceae
Short-chain fatty acid
Prebiotic
Oligosaccharide
Cite
Citations (114)
Short chain fatty acids (SCFA), including acetate, propionate, and butyrate, are produced during bacterial fermentation of undigested carbohydrates in the human colon. In this study, we applied a stable-isotope dilution method to quantify the in vivo colonic production of SCFA in healthy humans after consumption of inulin. Twelve healthy subjects performed a test day during which a primed continuous intravenous infusion with [1-13C]acetate, [1-13C]propionate and [1-13C]butyrate (12, 1.2 and 0.6 μmol·kg−1·min−1, respectively) was applied. They consumed 15 g of inulin with a standard breakfast. Breath and blood samples were collected at regular times during the day over a 12 h period. The endogenous rate of appearance of acetate, propionate, and butyrate was 13.3 ± 4.8, 0.27 ± 0.09, and 0.28 ± 0.12 μmol·kg−1·min−1, respectively. Colonic inulin fermentation was estimated to be 137 ± 75 mmol acetate, 11 ± 9 mmol propionate, and 20 ± 17 mmol butyrate over 12 h, assuming that 40%, 10%, and 5% of colonic derived acetate, propionate, and butyrate enter the systemic circulation. In conclusion, inulin is mainly fermented into acetate and, to lesser extents, into butyrate and propionate. Stable isotope technology allows quantifying the production of the three main SCFA in vivo and proved to be a practical tool to investigate the extent and pattern of SCFA production.
Short-chain fatty acid
Cite
Citations (156)
Abstract Background Colonic microbiota digest resistant starches producing short chain fatty acids ( SCFA s). The main SCFA s produced are acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Both excitatory and inhibitory effects of SCFA s on motility have been reported. We hypothesized that the effect of SCFA s on colonic motility varies with chain length and aimed to determine the effects of SCFA s on propagating and non‐propagating contractions of guinea pig proximal and distal colon. Methods In isolated proximal colonic segments, K rebs solution alone or containing 10–100 mM acetate, propionate, or butyrate was injected into the lumen, motility was videorecorded over 10 min, and spatiotemporal maps created. In distal colon, the lumen was perfused with the same solutions of SCFAs at 0.1 mL/min, the movement of artificial fecal pellets videorecorded, and velocity of propulsion calculated. Key Results In proximal colon, butyrate increased the frequency of full‐length propagations, decreased short propagations, and had a biphasic effect on non‐propagating contractions. Propionate blocked full and short propagations and had a biphasic effect on non‐propagating contractions. Acetate decreased short and total propagations. In distal colon, butyrate increased and propionate decreased velocity of propulsion. Conclusions & Inferences The data suggest that luminal SCFA s have differing effects on proximal and distal colonic motility depending on chain length. Thus, the net effect of SCFA s on colonic motility would depend on the balance of SCFA s produced by microbial digestion of resistant starches.
Distal colon
Lumen (anatomy)
Short-chain fatty acid
Large intestine
Cite
Citations (116)
The objective was to compare the in vitro fermentation characteristics of oligosaccharides isolated from human milk (HMO), lacto‐N‐neotetraose (LNnT), a predominant HMO, and three commonly used prebiotics: a 1:2 mixture of galactooligosaccharide (GOS) and polydextrose (PDX), and short‐chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS). Ascending colonic contents were obtained from four donor groups: 9 and 17 day‐old formula‐fed (FF9, FF17) and sow‐reared (SR9, SR17) piglets. pH change, gas, short chain fatty acid (SCFA) and lactate production were determined following 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 h of incubation. The pH change and total SCFA, acetate, and propionate production were greater in the FF than SR groups, and in the 9‐ compared to the 17‐day‐old piglets, regardless of diet. However, SR groups produced higher amounts of butyrate and lactate than FF groups. For most donors, the pH change was greatest for scFOS, and least for GOS/PDX. The fermentation of LNnT produced larger amounts of gas, total SCFA, acetate, and butyrate than did the other substrates, whereas higher amounts of propionate and lactate were observed from HMO and scFOS fermentation respectively. In summary, gut bacterial fermentation patterns varied by diet and age of piglets. HMO and LNnT have potential prebiotic effects due in part to their high SCFA production capacity (Supported by R01 HD061929).
Prebiotic
Short-chain fatty acid
Polydextrose
Cite
Citations (0)
The short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are bacterial metabolites produced during the colonic fermentation of undigested carbohydrates, such as dietary fibre and prebiotics, and can mediate the interaction between the diet, the microbiota and the host. We quantified the fraction of colonic administered SCFAs that could be recovered in the systemic circulation, the fraction that was excreted via the breath and urine, and the fraction that was used as a precursor for glucose, cholesterol and fatty acids. This information is essential for understanding the molecular mechanisms by which SCFAs beneficially affect physiological functions such as glucose and lipid metabolism and immune function.The short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), acetate, propionate and butyrate, are bacterial metabolites that mediate the interaction between the diet, the microbiota and the host. In the present study, the systemic availability of SCFAs and their incorporation into biologically relevant molecules was quantified. Known amounts of 13 C-labelled acetate, propionate and butyrate were introduced in the colon of 12 healthy subjects using colon delivery capsules and plasma levels of 13 C-SCFAs 13 C-glucose, 13 C-cholesterol and 13 C-fatty acids were measured. The butyrate-producing capacity of the intestinal microbiota was also quantified. Systemic availability of colonic-administered acetate, propionate and butyrate was 36%, 9% and 2%, respectively. Conversion of acetate into butyrate (24%) was the most prevalent interconversion by the colonic microbiota and was not related to the butyrate-producing capacity in the faecal samples. Less than 1% of administered acetate was incorporated into cholesterol and <15% in fatty acids. On average, 6% of colonic propionate was incorporated into glucose. The SCFAs were mainly excreted via the lungs after oxidation to 13 CO2 , whereas less than 0.05% of the SCFAs were excreted into urine. These results will allow future evaluation and quantification of SCFA production from 13 C-labelled fibres in the human colon by measurement of 13 C-labelled SCFA concentrations in blood.
Cite
Citations (314)
Background: The diverse microbial community in our gastrointestinal (GI) helps in the fermentation of metabolites of Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs), mainly acetate, propionate, butyrate, and small number of lactates. Acetate, propionate, and butyrate maintain colonic lining integrity and ideal colon activity. Butyrate is also known to be an energy source and assist in anti-inflammatory response. Maintaining an optimal ratio of these SCFAs reduce the risk of inflammation and promote a healthy colon. We evaluated the effect of Revivify Oral Liquid Gel (composition: US Patent 11 224 636) on gut microbiomes and SCFAs by an in vitro model of gut microbiome study. Gut microbes were cultured in 2 ml 96-well plates and treated with control, SOD, Prefibrotic fiber, Fruit juice, and Revivify gel for 48 hours followed by metaproteomic, chemical analysis (SCFA content), and microbiome profiling.
Short-chain fatty acid
Gut microbiome
Volatile fatty acids
Cite
Citations (0)
Abstract Short chain fatty acids are the major end products of dietary fiber degradation by anaerobic bacteria in the large bowel. The principal short chain fatty acids are acetate, propionate and butyrate. They are rapidly absorbed, stimulate salt and water absorption and provide an energy source for the colonic epithelium. Butyrate is mostly utilized as an energetic substrate by the colonocytes. It has been suggested that short chain fatty acids could contribute to the lipidemic and glycemic effects of fiber. In isolated hepatocytes, acetate inhibits glycolysis and stimulates gluconeogenesis while propionate has the opposite effects. Propionate inhibits cholesterol synthesis in vitro. They are very few studies in healthy humans. The acute intake of acetate does not seem to affect metabolism in man. No mention is made of its influence in case of chronic intake. The studies reveal the propionate tendency to reduce glycemia in fasting subjects and to enhance their sensitivity to insulin. The real part played by the short chain fatty acids in the glucose metabolism causes controversy and further investigations into their chronic intake in man are required.
Gluconeogenesis
Short-chain fatty acid
Cite
Citations (0)
Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and CO2 have been shown to stimulate net Mg2+ efflux from the isolated reticulorumen in vivo. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of Mg2+ transport we performed Ussing chamber and microelectrode experiments and measured 28Mg2+ fluxes across sheep rumen epithelium in vitro. In the presence of SCFAs mucosal‐to‐serosal Mg2+ flux (Jm‐sMg) amounted to 82.3 +/− 7.8 nmol cm‐2 h‐1 and serosal‐to‐mucosal Mg2+ flux (Js‐mMg) to 3.2 +/− 0.7 nmol cm‐2 h‐1. Replacing SCFAs with gluconate caused a 50% reduction of Jm‐sMg, whereas Js‐mMg was not affected. Among the SCFAs, n‐butyrate was more effective in stimulating Jm‐sMg than acetate, propionate or iso‐butyrate. Eliminating HCO3(‐)‐CO2 from SCFA‐containing solutions did not affect Mg2+ fluxes, whereas the same replacement in SCFA‐free solutions led to a further reduction in Jm‐sMg. Jm‐sMg decreased after the addition of ethoxyzolamide to SCFA‐free, bicarbonate buffered solutions. Decreasing mucosal pH from 6.4 to 5.4 increased Jm‐sMg in SCFA‐free, bicarbonate buffered solutions. SCFAs had no effect on the apical membrane potential of rumen epithelial cells. The experiments show that both SCFAs and CO2 stimulate Mg2+ transport through an increase in Jm‐sMg, most probably via stimulation of a Mg(2+)‐2H+ exchange mechanism. SCFAs may have additional metabolic effects on Mg2+ transport.
Bicarbonate
Ussing chamber
Short-chain fatty acid
Cite
Citations (43)
Butyrate and propionate represent two of three main short-chain fatty acids produced by the intestinal microbiota. In healthy populations, their levels are reportedly equimolar, whereas a deviation in their ratio has been observed in various diseased cohorts. Monitoring such a ratio represents a valuable metric; however, it remains a challenge to adopt short-chain fatty acid detection techniques in clinical settings because of the volatile nature of these acids. Here we aimed to estimate short-chain fatty acid information indirectly through a novel, simple quantitative PCR-compatible assay (liquid array diagnostics) targeting a limited number of microbiome 16S markers. Utilizing 15 liquid array diagnostics probes to target microbiome markers selected by a model that combines partial least squares and linear discriminant analysis, the classes (normal vs high propionate-to-butyrate ratio) separated at a threshold of 2.6 with a prediction accuracy of 96%.
Short-chain fatty acid
Operational taxonomic unit
Linear relationship
Cite
Citations (4)
Short-chain fatty acid
Production rate
Cite
Citations (1)