2-Dimensional Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy: A Review
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Abstract:
Gas Chromatography separates components in time. Mass spectroscopy provides information that aids in the identification and structural elucidation of each component. Comprehensive 2-Dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) is a novel technique. The revolutionary aspect of GC x GC, with respect to classical multidimensional chromatography, is that the entire sample is subjected to two distinct analytical separations. The resulting enhanced separating capacity makes this approach a prime choice when GC analysts are challenged with highly complex mixtures. The combination of a third mass spectrometric dimension to a GC x GC system generates the most powerful analytical tool today for volatile and semi-volatile analytes. The present review is focused on the instrumentation of 2D GC-MS, the difference between GC and 2d GC, application of 2d GC-MS have been discussed.Keywords:
Two-dimensional gas
Two-Dimensional Chromatography
Instrumentation
In gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with magnetic instruments and quadrupoles, skewed (‘tilted’) spectra are obtained owing to the changes in analyte concentrations in the source of the mass spectrometer during the measurements of one scan. Skewing depends on the ratio of cycle time to GC peak width. The combination of capillary chromatography with magnetic instruments often results in skewing to an extent that both manual and automatic processing of GC/MS data are seriously hampered. An algorithm is described to correct for this effect. The results of the unskew algorithm are evaluated on real GC/MS data.
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Two-dimensional gas
Two-Dimensional Chromatography
Flame ionization detector
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A software program was developed to enable the quantification of the complex 3D-data sets as produced by GC×GC. Using this software, it was demonstrated that the detectability limit of GC×GC in our study is 18 times better than that of ‘normal’ capillary gas chromatography (CGC). This enhancement is due to the signal increase produced by the thermal modulation effect. The relative standard deviation of 0.9% as measured on a test mixture was excellent. Furthermore, a comparison was made for the group-type separation of heavy gas oils between the hyphenation of LC and GC (LC-GC) and GC×GC. Although these separations are different in nature, the agreement of the results of both methods was very good. The results of GC×GC may even be more accurate, since, different from CGC, even in the most complex chromatograms the baseline in the second dimension chromatograms is always present.
Two-dimensional gas
Two-Dimensional Chromatography
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Pogostemon
Two-dimensional gas
Two-Dimensional Chromatography
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Two-dimensional gas
Characterization
Two-Dimensional Chromatography
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Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (gc x gc-tofms) has been applied for characterization of volatile and semi-volatile alkaline compounds in oriental tobacco leaf. simultaneous distillation extraction (sde) was used as the sample extraction method. two types of column set were compared, and appropriate gc x gc separation conditions were suggested. the results showed that the peaks detected by gc x gc method were far more than that by 1dgc. the separation behavior on 2d plot of different kinds of compounds was investigated. tofms library search combining structured chromatogram. of gc x gc was used to identify the nitrogen-containing compounds in tobacco leaf. a total of 92 alkaline compounds were tentatively identified. the results showed that gc x gc/tofms method is suitable for separation and identification of complex system.
Two-Dimensional Chromatography
Two-dimensional gas
Volatile organic compound
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Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry ( GC x GCTOFMS) was applied to the characterization of volatile and semi-volatile acidic compounds in oriental tobacco leaf. Simultaneous distillation extraction(SDE) was used as the sample extraction method. Two types of column sets were compared, and appropriate GC x GC separation conditions were suggested. The separation behavior on two-dimensimal plot of different kinds of compounds were investigated. TOFMS library search combining with structured chromatogram of GC x GC was used to identify the acidic compounds in tobacco leaf. A total of 143 acidic compounds were tentatively identified, including 10 acid anhydrides, 43 organic acids and 90 phenolic compounds. The results show that GC x GC-TOFMS method is suitable for separation and identification of complex sample.
Two-Dimensional Chromatography
Two-dimensional gas
Sample Preparation
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The comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (gc x gc/tofms) was applied to investigate zedoary volatile oil. the separation power of gc x gc and gc, and identification power of gc x gc/tofms and gc/ms were compared under the same conditions. 87 peaks were achieved with gc, while about 500 peaks were resolved with gc x gc. in the meantime, gc x gc/tofms not only identified 227 peaks (much more than the peaks of 46 in gc), but also provided 3 kinds of orthogonal identification information that makes the result more reliable. all of these show that gc x gc/tofms is a powerful instrument in the analysis of volatile oil of traditional chinese medicines.
Two-dimensional gas
Two-Dimensional Chromatography
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Gas Chromatography separates components in time. Mass spectroscopy provides information that aids in the identification and structural elucidation of each component. Comprehensive 2-Dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) is a novel technique. The revolutionary aspect of GC x GC, with respect to classical multidimensional chromatography, is that the entire sample is subjected to two distinct analytical separations. The resulting enhanced separating capacity makes this approach a prime choice when GC analysts are challenged with highly complex mixtures. The combination of a third mass spectrometric dimension to a GC x GC system generates the most powerful analytical tool today for volatile and semi-volatile analytes. The present review is focused on the instrumentation of 2D GC-MS, the difference between GC and 2d GC, application of 2d GC-MS have been discussed.
Two-dimensional gas
Two-Dimensional Chromatography
Instrumentation
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