Identification, Phylogeny and Expressional Profiles of Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein (PGRP) Gene Family in Sinonovacula constricta
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PirAB is a binary protein complex secreted by specific strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) that harbor the pVA1 virulence plasmid and express PirAVp and PirBVp toxins. PirABVp causes acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), a newly emergent penaeid shrimp disease that can cause 70–100% mortality and has resulted in great economic losses since its appearance. The cy-totoxic effect of PirABVp on the epithelial cell of the shrimp hepatopancreas has been extensively reported. Our studies found that the PirBVp subunit has lectin activity and recognizes mucin-like O-glycosidic structures in the shrimp hepatopancreas. The PirAVp subunit may have a stabiliza-tion function of the binary complex. However, we also found that Vp AHPND changes the water microbiota community structure and causes a significant reduction in several bacteria, especially Neptuniibacter spp. We propose that the PirABvp toxin could exhibit a dual role: damage the shrimp hepatopancreas and kill surrounding bacteria.
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The innate immune system is a primitive mechanism,which exists commonly in vertebrates and invertebrates and is responsible for defending against invading microorganisms.Peptidoglycan recognition proteins(PGRPs)are pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)that recognize bacteria and their unique cell wall component,peptidoglycan(PGN),so they play an important role in recognizing and regulating in the innate immunity.The research of PGRPs is important to understand the response mechanism of the innate immune system.This paper reviewed the recent progress on the peptidoglycan recognition proteins(PGRPs)including structure,functions,signal pathway and its interaction with peptidoglycan in innate immune system.
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