A Study on Turkish Rhododendron L. (Ericaceae)
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Euphorbia motuogensis M. T. Li, X. Z. Lan, H. P. Deng & W. L. Zheng, sp. nov., a new species from Motuo, Tibet, China, is described and illustrated here. It is closely similar to Euphorbia sikkimensis in having terete root, alternate leaves, well-developed pseudoumbellate inflorescence, cyathium, smooth and glaborus capsule, but Euphorbia motuogensis is clealy distinguishable by its pilose stems, involucral leaves color, secondary involucral leaves absent, cyathophylls number and color, and five similar glands. Furthermore, molecular phylogenetic analyses of sequences from both nuclear ribosomal ITS confirm that this species is distinct from morphologically similar species in this subgenus.
Euphorbiaceae
Subgenus
Euphorbia
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Two unidentified foliicolous algal strains were isolated from living Ficus leaves in a tropical rainforest of China. Morphological, ultrastructural, and molecular phylogenetic investigations of these strains indicated that they differ from each other but cluster together and represent a new lineage of Trebouxiophyceae in the Choricystis/Botryococcus clade. These strains had similar morphologies with solitary, fusiform, and slightly asymmetrical vegetative cells, a basal stalk, and smooth cell walls. Cells contained a single parietal chloroplast with a pyrenoid surrounded by several starch sheaths and penetrating thylakoids. Asexual reproduction occurred in both strains through the splitting of the mother cell wall into two autospores. Phylogenetic analysis based on 18S, ITS and rbcL showed the two strains as a distinct branch in the Choricystis/Botryococcus clade of the Trebouxiophyceae. Here, we describe the two strains as the new genus, Obliquicauda gen. nov., and two new species, Obliquicauda inflata sp. nov. and Obliquicauda apiculata sp. nov.
Pyrenoid
Lineage (genetic)
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Burkholderia endophytes were identified within the leaves of non-nodulated members of the genus Psychotria. In contrast to leaf-nodulated Psychotria species, which are known to accommodate their endosymbionts into specialized endosymbiont-housing structures, non-nodulated species lack bacterial leaf nodules and harbor endosymbionts intercellularly between mesophyll cells. Based on molecular data (rps16, trnG, and trnLF), the phylogenetic reconstruction of the host plants revealed a separate origin of leaf-nodulated and non-nodulated Psychotria species. Despite a distinct phylogenetic position of the two host clades, the endophytes of the non-nodulated plants were not placed into a single monophyletic group but were found to be closely related to the leaf-nodulated endosymbionts. The observation of genetically similar endophytes in both nodulated and non-nodulated Psychotria lineages suggests that the host plant is playing a crucial role in the induction of leaf nodule formation. Moreover, the concentration of endosymbionts into specialized leaf nodules may be considered as a more derived evolutionary adaptation of the host plant, serving as an interface structure to facilitate metabolic exchange between plant and endosymbiont.
Psychotria
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Species complex
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The pollination and fruit production of Gaultheria procumbens L. (Ericaceae), an evergreen sub‐shrub, were studied in five woodland sites in New Jersey and one in northeastern Pennsylvania. Pollinator exclusion methods at three of the sites produced no consistent differences in fruit and seed set between enclosed plants and controls. Insect pollinators, almost exclusively bumblebees, were sparse at all sites; visitation rates were about 0.01 bee visits/flower/hr. All fruits examined contained at least 35 seeds, but about half of the pistils examined, from open‐pollinated plants, did not contain enough pollen tetrads on their stigmatic surfaces to fertilize this number of ovules. However, the low average fruit set of 8.2% on open‐pollinated plants was due more to the high mortality of buds prior to anthesis than to inadequate pollination. Bud mortality was high and fruit set low in 3 years of observations at various study sites, indicating that this may be a general pattern for the species in northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. The amount of sexual reproduction showed no consistent relationship to stem density.
Anthesis
Open pollination
Fructification
Hand-pollination
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Summary Poaceae of subfamily Festucoideae frequently harbour endophytic, symbiotic fungi in their aerial parts. Isolations were made from 21 different species of Poaceae, belonging mainly to the genera Lolium and Festuca. Pure cultures of 45 fungal isolates were obtained. Morphology, isozyme and molecular analysis showed the presence of three groups of endophytes. Most of the isolates could be accommodated with the previously described species of Neotyphodium and Epichloë (the e endophytes). Two new endophytes isolated from Koeleria cristata and Melica ciliata were shown to belong to this group. Gliocladium like and Phialophora like isolates were obtained from Lolium perenne and Festuca gigantea respectively (the p endophytes). Nine isolates especially those from annual Lolium produced rod like conidia. These isolates belong to Acremonium sensu stricto and are morphologically similar to Acremonium chilense.
Acremonium
Endophyte
Festuca
Neotyphodium
Lolium
Mycology
Festuca arundinacea
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Twenty-eight-day-old plants of Silene coeli-rosa L. were maintained in short days (SD) for 9 d (0–8) or exposed to 7 long days (LD), or 7 SD with a 5 min exposure at 1700 h of each day to far-red (FR), red (R) or 5 min FR/5 min R, or 7 dark-interrupted (di = 1700–1720 h) LD. Treatments were followed by two further SD. The mitotic index and G1 and G2 proportions were measured in the shoot apices of plants sampled at 2000 h of each day of each replicated treatment. Exposure to 7 LD (= 100 per cent flowering) resulted in significant increases, relative to the SD controls, in both the G2 proportion and the mitotic index on d 0 to 3, 7 and 8. Five minute FR (= 0 per cent flowering) resulted in cell cycle responses similar to those in LD only from d 0 to 2. R and FR/R (both = 0 per cent flowering) did not result in any increases in the G2 proportion in the apex apart from d 3 of FR/R. However 5 min FR/5 min R, and to a lesser extent 5 min R, did result in significant increases in the mitotic index on d 0, 1, 7, and 8. diLD (= 8–10 per cent flowering) also prevented any significant increases in the G2 proportion on d 0 to 3, and 5 to 8 but the mitotic index was again higher on these days compared with control data. Thus the transition to floral growth for 90 per cent of the plants is associated with changes in the cell cycle in the shoot apex measured as increases in the G2 proportion at 2000 h of LD 0 to 3 and 7 to 8.
Apex (geometry)
Mitotic index
Caryophyllaceae
Darkness
Far-red
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:Specimens of the genus Stomatochroon (Trentepohliales, Ulvophyceae) were found in leaf stomata of the fruit tree Syzygium samarangense (Myrtaceae). Phylogenetic analysis based on 18S rDNA sequences showed that Stomatochroon was closely related to Cephaleuros. The specimens were identified as Stomatochroon reniformis based on the branched internal filamentous and ovoid gametangia. However, our specimens differed from the type by having larger basal and clavate cells, a noticeable stalked gametangium, and secondary growth of the sporangiate-laterals. Consequently our taxon was described as a new variety, S. reniformis var. chinensis var. nov. We found no physiological dysfunction or host tissue hyperplasia was caused by the algal infection. The waterlogged and dead host tissue was probably caused by plugged host stomata that resulted from growth of this alga. This interpretation means this alga was an endophyte, not a parasite.
Ulvophyceae
Syzygium
Thallus
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Rhododendron leigongshanense, a new species from Leishan County, Guizhou Province, China, is described and illustrated. The new species is close to R. magniflorun W.K. Hu and R. glanduliferum Franchet, but differs by having stipitatus glands on leaf abaxial surface, corolla trumpet-shaped with 7 lobes, 7.58.0 cm long, 810 cm in diameter and calyx 7- lobed.Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 22(2): 119-123, 2015 (December)
Calyx
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