Effect of feeding strawberry, raspberry and rapeseed oil in rats’ diet on the fatty acid profile of muscle tissue
Paulina SzczurekM. PieszkaŁukasz MigdałSylwia Orczewska‐DudekBarbara TombarkiewiczAdam RomanWładysław MigdałMagdalena RudzińskaM. Pieszka
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Abstract Currently, alternative plant oils with pro-health properties are sought. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of feeding strawberry, raspberry and rapeseed oils in rats’ diet on the fatty acid profile of muscle tissue. Adult rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=7) and fed with the addition of rapeseed, raspberry or strawberry seed oil, respectively, or control group. After a 6-week treatment period, the fatty acid profile in m. latisssimus dorsi, was analyzed using gas chromatography. The dietary strawberry or raspberry seed oil led to a significant increase in C-18:2 n-6 ad C-18:3 n-3 level in muscle fat when compared to control group. At the same time, in the group receiving raspberry oil, an unfavorable phenomenon of lowering the EPA content was observed, while a tendency towards a decrease in DHA level was observed in groups supplemented with both raspberry and strawberry oil. Both oils as a source of PUFA n-3 and n-6 , increased ALA n-3 and LA n-6 fatty acids in latissimus dorsi muscle , but due to different activity of enzymes taking apart in conversion of polyunsaturated fatty acids to their long chain derivatives in rats, the research on pig model would be advisable.Keywords:
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A dynamic model for rapeseed plant is established. The varies of parameter relation about rapeseed lodging resistance can be inferred. According to it, a total indication #labdma# about rapeseed lodging resistance can be got. The smaller the value of #labdma# is the stronger the rapeseed lodging resistance is.
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Estimates of the demand for total edible vegetable oil and soyabean oil in the U.S., Canada, Japan and the European Community, and rapeseed oil in Canada, Japan and the European Community are presented. In order to overcome specification problems, which have often plagued efforts to estimate the demand for individual vegetable oils, a market share approach is proposed. The market share equations when combined with estimates of the demand for total edible vegetable oil imply that the demand for rapeseed oil is more elastic than the demand for soyabean oil in all regions and that the European Community has by far the most elastic demand for both rapeseed and soyabean oil.
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European community
Edible oil
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Rapeseed is an enormous plant protein resource with high latent nutritional value.Utilizing sixpenny rapeseed protein reasonably and scientifically is of important social and economical significance.In this paper,current global production of rapeseed was analyzed,detoxification of rapeseed meal was discussed and 5 ways of rapeseed protein's extraction were reviewed.The foregrounds of global rapeseed's production and rapeseed protein's comprehensive processing were described on the base of industrial examples.
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By means of the leaf-grafting technique, attempts were made to transmit the two component viruses of raspberry mosaic, rubus yellow-net, and black raspberry necrosis, separately and in combination, to three strains of Fragaria vesca L. Only the rubus yellow-net virus was transmitted to the strawberry and it induced severe symptoms. Neither the raspberry aphid, Amphorophora rubi Kalt., nor the strawberry aphid, Pentatrichopus fragaefolii (Ckll.), transmitted the yellow-net virus from raspberry to strawberry, although A. rubi was able to transmit the virus from strawberry back to raspberry.
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Brassica napus L. is a vegetable oil crop, commonly known as rapeseed (or canola). It is widely used as a source of oil and protein for food and industrial applications, but also as a remedy, and in a field of attraction or as an ornament due to its diverse flower colors. Every part of rapeseed is useful, even the waste, which could be used to feed animals, or recycled. In this review, the use of rapeseed in these applications is presented, starting with the preparation of oil and protein from the seeds, before their release in the market, to the utilization of natural unprocessed rapeseed. Progress in rapeseed exploitation for food, remedy, energy source, and industrial applications are analyzed to show variability in diverse findings, to provide insights and progressive descriptions of rapeseed usage to other scholars. Moreover, advancements in breeding for rapeseed improvement were described. In the future, strategies could be developed or improved to avoid or decrease crop losses, but also to increase interest in propagating the valuable traits of rapeseed.
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Ο σκοπός αυτής της εργασίας ήταν να μελετηθεί η επίδραση της αλατότητας στον ρυθμό φωτοσύνθεσης, στην αύξηση φυλλικής επιφάνειας και τη συσσώρευση οργανικών και ανόργανων μορίων σε επιλογές άγριας φράουλας που διαφέρουν ως προς την ευαισθησία στην αλατότητα με στόχο να διερευνηθούν κάποιοι από τους μηχανισμούς που είναι υπεύθυνοι γι’ αυτό το χαρακτηριστικό. Σε αρχικό στάδιο, ο ρυθμός φωτοσύνθεσης μειώθηκε λόγω κλεισίματος των στομάτων, σε όλες τις επιλογές που μελετήθηκαν. Αργότερα, οι αντιδράσεις του κύκλου του Calvin επηρεάστηκαν αρνητικά στις επιλογές MR 10 και NC 95-21-1 (Fragaria virginiana), ενώ οι επιπτώσεις αυτές δεν ήταν αντιστρέψιμες όταν μειώθηκε η αλατότητα στο εδαφικό διάλυμα. Αντίθετα, στην FRA 24 (Fragaria chiloensis) οι αντιδράσεις του κύκλου του Calvin δεν επηρεάστηκαν. Συμπτώματα τοξικότητας εμφανίστηκαν και στις δυο επιλογές Fragaria virginiana και άρχισαν περίπου δυο εβδομάδες μετά την πρώτη εφαρμογή του αλατούχου διαλύματος. Η ένταση των συμπτωμάτων ήταν στενά συσχετισμένη με την ποσότητα των αλάτων στο νερό άρδευσης. Δεν παρατηρήθηκαν συμπτώματα στην Fragaria chiloensis μέχρι το τέλος του πειράματος. Υψηλή περιεκτικότητα νατρίου και χλωρίου βρέθηκαν στα φύλλα των MR 10 και NC 95-21-1 στις οποίες είχαν προστεθεί 50 και 100 mM NaCl στο νερό άρδευσης. Αντίθετα, στα φύλλα της FRA 24 βρέθηκε αυξημένη ποσότητα χλωρίου και μόνο στα φυτά που λάμβαναν 100 mM NaCl. Η συσσώρευση νατρίου στους ιστούς φύλλων φαίνεται να είναι πιο αργή απ’ ότι αυτή του χλωρίου. Αυξημένη αλατότητα στο εδαφικό διάλυμα προκάλεσε μείωση της αύξησης της φυλλικής επιφάνειας και αύξηση στο ποσό των ολικών υδατοδιαλυτών υδατανθράκων στις επιλογές που μελετήθηκαν. Στη συνέχεια, όλα τα φυτά αρδεύτηκαν με νερό βρύσης χωρίς την προσθήκη αλάτων για δεκαπέντε μέρες. Μετά το τέλος της περιόδου αυτής, παρατηρήθηκε ανάκτηση του ρυθμού αύξησης και παράγωγης νέας φυλλικής επιφάνειας, συνοδευόμενη από μείωση της περιεκτικότητας ολικών υδατοδιαλυτών υδατανθράκων στην Fragaria virginiana αλλά όχι στην Fragaria chiloensis. Γλυκόζη και φρουκτόζη αποτελούσαν το 70% των ολικών υδατοδιαλυτών υδατανθράκων που συσσωρεύτηκαν στα φύλλα και στις δυο επιλογές, λόγω αυξημένης αλατότητας στο εδαφικό διάλυμα αλλά δεν παρατηρήθηκε αύξηση της περιεκτικότητας σε προλίνη είτε κατά τη διάρκεια της άρδευσης με αλατούχο διάλυμα, είτε αργότερα όταν τα φυτά αρδεύτηκαν με νερό βρύσης.
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Abstract We present 37 microsatellite primer pairs developed from a cDNA library of Fragaria x ananassa Duch. cv. Strawberry Festival. Polymorphism was high and the number of presumptive alleles of 13 expressed sequence tag–simple sequence repeats (EST–SSRs) in 70 strawberry cultivars ranged from five to 32 per primer pairs, averaging 16.1. Cross‐species amplification was also high and ranged from 89% in Fragaria vesca L. to 100% in the progenitor species of octoploid strawberry, Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Duch. and Fragaria virginiana Duch.
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Researchers developing new cultivars of red raspberry ( Rubus idaeus subsp. idaeus L.) and black raspberry ( R. occidentalis L.) observe progeny of breeding populations for several seasons to identify those that perform reliably. If a portion of any breeding population could be eliminated based on a qualitative character or molecular marker, resources used for that portion could be used for other progeny. Our objective is to identify such molecular markers for red raspberry and black raspberry. A black raspberry × red raspberry cross was made to develop a map of each parent, and an F 2 population was generated to join the maps. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers derived from red raspberry and strawberry were used. The level of homozygosity for the red raspberry was 40%, and the level for the black raspberry was 80%. Severe segregation skewing was observed in the F 2 generation and indicates problems with transmission. Our findings help quantify the relative levels of homozygosity previously reported for red raspberry and black raspberry. In addition, the severe skewing observed in the F 2 generation provides a molecular perspective to the fertility problems previously reported for the black raspberry × red raspberry hybrids (purple raspberry). Since black raspberry is highly homozygous, purple raspberry has transmission and fertility problems, and black raspberry breeders have reported a frustratingly low level of diversity in this subgroup, development of a black raspberry map is expected to require twice the markers as for a red raspberry map, emphasizing the need for a black raspberry sequence from which to develop molecular markers.
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