Rapeseed (Brassica napus): Processing, Utilization, and Genetic Improvement
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Abstract:
Brassica napus L. is a vegetable oil crop, commonly known as rapeseed (or canola). It is widely used as a source of oil and protein for food and industrial applications, but also as a remedy, and in a field of attraction or as an ornament due to its diverse flower colors. Every part of rapeseed is useful, even the waste, which could be used to feed animals, or recycled. In this review, the use of rapeseed in these applications is presented, starting with the preparation of oil and protein from the seeds, before their release in the market, to the utilization of natural unprocessed rapeseed. Progress in rapeseed exploitation for food, remedy, energy source, and industrial applications are analyzed to show variability in diverse findings, to provide insights and progressive descriptions of rapeseed usage to other scholars. Moreover, advancements in breeding for rapeseed improvement were described. In the future, strategies could be developed or improved to avoid or decrease crop losses, but also to increase interest in propagating the valuable traits of rapeseed.Abstract The association of sinapine with the fishy or crabby odour present in eggs laid by certain brown egg laying hens when fed diets containing rapeseed meal indicates the desirability of removing sinapine from the original rapeseed. A method is presented whereby seeds and cotyledons of Brassica napus and B. campestris may be selected for low levels of sinapine. The method, based on microextraction, rapid chromatographic separation of sinapine and visual estimation of its fluorescence allows detection of 0.025 μg sinapine and enables 300‐400 seed samples to be screened daily.
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Two proteins, previously described by the authors as BI (S 0 20 , buffer 12 S) and AIVS (S 0 20 , w 1.7 S) have been isolated from eight varieties of rapeseed belonging to Brassica campestris L. and Brassica napus L. species. These proteins have similar chromatographic and electrophoretic characteristics but differ in amino acid composition, particularly with regard to the sulfur-containing amino acids. One of the rapeseed samples was obtained from plants grown on sulfur-deficient soil. The sulfur deficiency produced, in the mature seed, a much reduced protein content and appeared to affect the structure of the protein BI.
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The contents of soluble, SDS-extractable, and insoluble condensed tannins were determined in canola/rapeseed hulls from several varieties by utilizing the proanthocyanidin assay. The total amount of tannins in rapeseed/canola hulls ranged from 1913 to 6213 mg per 100 g of oil-free hulls. Insoluble tannins predominated in canola/rapeseed hulls and comprised from 70 to 95.8% of total tannins present. The amounts of SDS-extractable tannins were comparable to those of soluble tannins but constituted only 4.7−14.1% of insoluble tannins present. Keywords: Insoluble condensed tannins; hulls; proanthocyanidin assay; canola; rapeseed
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Part 1: Production and seed improvement. Rapeseed and canola: Global production and distribution. North American production of canola. Agronomy of canola in the United States. New developments in canola research. The role of biotechnology in canola/rapeseed research. Part 2: Chemistry, analysis, and nutritional effects. Canola fatty acids - an ideal mixture for health, nutrition, and food use. Stability of canola oil. Hydrogenation of canola oil. Glucoinsulates: Structure - properties - function. Phytates in canola/rapeseed. Phenolic acids and tannins in rapeseed and canola. Carbohydrates of canola and rapeseed. Application of near infrared to analysis of oil, protein, chlorophyll and glucoinsulates in canola/rapeseed. Part 3: Commercial processing and new developments. Commercial processing of canola and rapeseed: Crushing and oil extraction. Further processing of canola and rapeseed oil. Enzyme pretreatment to enhance oil extractability in canola. Removal of glucoinsulates and other antinutritional from canola and rapeseed by methonal rapeseed and production of high quality products.
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Effects of salinity on some morphological and physiological parameters in four canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars
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Edible oil
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