MANAGEMENT OF POTATO LATE BLIGHT THROUGH HOST PLANT RESISTANCE AND FUNGICIDE USE IN SOUTH OMO ZONE, SNNPR, ETHIOPIA
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The study was carried out in April 2015 at South Ari district, Senmamer kebele of South Omo Zone Southern Nation Nationality People Regional State to test and demonstrate the effects of integrating host resistance and fungicide application for management of potato late blight disease. In this experiment one relatively late blight resistance improved Irish potato variety (Belete) was collected from Holleta Seed producer Association and susceptible local control potato varieties were used. RCBD with four replications (farmers as replication) were used. A recommended rate of CurzateR R WP fungicide was applied while susceptible local variety developed the first blight symptom. GLM procedures were followed to analyze yield, disease incidence and severity. LSD (P<0.01) values were used to separate treatments mean. Total weight of tubers per plot (kg) was show significant difference (P<0.01) among treatments. The highest total weight of tubers per plot (kg) was given by treated belete (T1) (22.625) followed by untreated belete (T3), untreated local (T4) and treated local (T2) (18.525, 11.875and 10.125) respectively (Table 2). Local potato variety also gave the highest unmarketable tubers weight per plot. The result indicated that there were a significant difference (P<0.01) and (P<0.05) among treatments on late blight incidence and severity respectively. Untreated local variety (T4) showed highest late blight incidence and severity as compare to treated belete variety (T1). The experiment result suggested that application CurzateR R WP fungicide twice on variety belete results in significant reduction on late blight progress, with a corresponding increased tubers yield.Keywords:
Host resistance
Sheath blight
Commercial fungicide combinations were tested in the field for efficacy on foliar late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans in substitution of tin. When the first disease symptoms appeared, the tested fungicide treatments for late blight control were applied 3 times at 3-day intervals. The effect of the fungicide treatments on epidemic development, tuber rot and blight incidence and tuber yields were determined. Last summer late blight development was arrested in June due to high temperatures and lasting drought. August was characterized by rather low temperatures and high rainfall. These weather conditions were very favourable for the development of late blight. The foliar protection against P. infestans was comparable for all the tested fungicide combinations. The effect of combinations with dimethomorph + mancozeb (AcrobatC, 2.5 kg/ha) was less suppressive for P. infestans than the other fungicides tested. Lowest foliar disease severity was recorded in plots treated with fluazinam (Shirlan, 0.4 l/ha) + cymoxanil + chlorothalonil (Mixanil, 2 l/ha). Furthermore, highest tuber yield was noted in plots treated with fluazinam (Shirlan, 0.4 l/ha) + cymoxanil + chlorothalonil (Mixanil, 2 l/ha). The percentage blighted tubers fluctuated between 5 and 11 %. No fungicide combinations completely arrested epidemic development under the environmental conditions of the trial. However, fluazinam (Shirlan, 0.4 l/ha) + cymoxanil + chlorothalonil (Mixanil, 2 l/ha) controlled P. infestans most effectively.
Phytophthora infestans
Chlorothalonil
Metalaxyl
Alternaria solani
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Epidemics of early blight caused by Alternaria spp. can cause significant economic damage to potato production if not adequately controlled. In order to improve control of Alternaria spp. in potato, studies were conducted to identify the optimal fungicide strategy and, if possible, to reduce the number of fungicide applications per growing season. Therefore, a disease-threshold-based framework was tested to define the optimal timing of fungicide application. The initiation and subsequent applications of fungicides were based on increases in disease incidence or severity. Adequate disease control was achieved by a three-time application with azoxystrobin, given that the applications were carried out at pivotal times in the epidemic. Targeted applications of fungicides reduced the number of sprayings required to protect starch yield. Results indicate that early blight can be effectively managed by using fungicide application thresholds based on disease progress.
Disease Control
Alternaria solani
Phytophthora infestans
Economic threshold
Growing season
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Sheath blight
Hexaconazole
Disease Control
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Four fungicides Antracol, Sancozeb, Dithane M-45, Ridomil Gold, one chemical Sulfur and one biochemical Neem leaf extract were tested on test variety SH-5 during two months seasons 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 for their effect on late blight disease incidence and tuber yield. The field experiment was laid out adopting layout system of RCBD, there replications and 2.8 X 6m plot size. The inoculum of late blight disease collected was applied to the crop thrice for the artificial development of the disease. All the fungicides and chemicals were sprayed to crop at the rate of 2.50 gm/ltr at suitable intervals. Early blight disease was noticed in traces because of unfavourable weather condition in both the years. The averaged data of two years indicated that the fungicide Ridomil Gold effectively controlled the late blight disease showing the least magnitude of the disease incidence as 10.66%. It was followed by the fungicide Dithane M-45 with 10.66% disease attack whereas, the control was found with the maximum disease incidence as 58%. In both the years, significant differences in the late blight incidence were noticed in due to the fungicides as per statistical analysis. However, two fungicides Sancozeb and Antracol, with 16% and 19.16% disease attach promised better control of the disease as compared with Sulfur and Neem leaf extract having 29.16% and 38.66% late blight incidence. All the three fungicides, Ridomil Gold, Dithane M-45 & Antracol spraying resulted in the lowest number of small tubers and greater number of medium and large tubers as compared with the control water spraying. As regards tuber yield, Ridomil Gold fungicide promised maximum tuber yield as 26.27 t/ha followed by Dithane M-45 with 22.90 t/ha potato yield as against control with 13.18 t/ha tuber yield. Both the fungicides Dithane M-45 & Ridomil Gold have almost one and half to two fold tuber yields as compared with control. It was apparent that Ridomil Gold fungicides proved as the most efficacious in terms of 47.33% less blight and 127.94% more tuber yield. It was followed by Dithane M-45 with 43.50% decrease in disease incidence and 98.73% increase in tuber yield.
Phytophthora infestans
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The effect of two new fungicides was evaluated along with commercially available test fungicides against Rhizoctonia solani, causing sheath blight of rice. RIL FA 200SC, a new fungicide from keroxy-methyl group, and test fungicide Sheathmar, at 0.25% concentration proved equally effective in controlling sheath blight incidence by 65.23 and 66.67 per cent and simultaneously increasing the grain yield by 19.65 and 20.86 per cent as compared with the check treatment where only water was sprayed.
Sheath blight
Test weight
Propiconazole
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In 2007,an field experiment to test four fungicides for control of late blight in potato is carried out in the main potato producing area in Mian-ning country,Liangshan.The four fungicides are 687.5g/LYnfinitoSE,70%AntracolWP,58%MetalaxylMancoZebWP and MetalaxylWP.The results show that the four fungicides have obvious effect on disease resistance of late blight of potato.But, 687.5g/LynfinitoSE has the best effect on produce-increasing and disease-controlling.
Phytophthora infestans
Disease Control
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In order to screening adaptable rice sheath blight fungicides,different fungicide species and concentration of 7current rice sheath blight fungicides were tested.The results showed that 20%grain fluorine and 27% FILIA II effectively control rice sheath blight,and rice yield of which were higher than other fungicides.
Sheath blight
Rice plant
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An investigation was carried out at Potato Research Station Sialkot during 2014-15 and 2015-16 crop season to find out suitable fungicides to combat the late blight disease of potato. Six fungicides viz. Ridomil Gold, Defeater, Puslan, Success, Aleitte and Dithane M-45 were tested against the disease in two consecutive seasons. All the fungicides reduced the late blight disease incidence of potato over control. Among the fungicides, alternate spray of Ridomil Gold and Dithane M-45 was found highly effective to minimize the late blight and to increase the yield of potato.
Phytophthora infestans
Disease Control
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Phytophthora infestans
Host resistance
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Sheath blight,Thanatephorus cucumeris(Frank) Donk,is one of the three main rice disease.The field control effects of five fungicides have been examined in field tests.The results showed that Thiophanate-Methyl SC at the concentration of 500 g/L,Hexaconazole 30% SC,Carbendazim 40% SC,Thiophanate-Methyl 70% WP and Fenoxanil·Amistar 26% SC were effective fungicides to control sheath blight.Among the five fungicides,Fenoxanil·Amistar 26% SC was the best and the field control effect reached 78.15%.
Hexaconazole
Sheath blight
Disease Control
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