Study on Large Area Temperature Control System for a Low-cost PCR Chip
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The complicated structure, the high cost of fabrication process and chip materials make polymerase chain reaction (PCR) chips difficult to realize mass production and promotion. In addition, the detection of multiple samples using PCR chips is time-consuming since most of the chips can only proceed one reaction at a time. Here, a high throughput low-cost PCR chip with simple fabrication process and a large area temperature control system were presented. The PCR chip and the heater chip were fabricated by micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) technology. The temperature distribution of different shapes of the heaters were simulated by finite element method. A temperature control system based on digital signal processor (DSP) was designed to provide accurate temperature for the amplification reaction. The temperature of the liquid in PCR chip was tested by a precision temperature scanner with four wire thin film sensors. The temperature distribution of the PCR chip was verified by an infrared thermal imaging camera. The experiment showed the system has a high heating rate and good temperature uniformity. It is anticipated that the PCR chip and the system are suitable for mass production and multiple samples detecting.Due to LWIR FPAs is sensitive to ambient temperature, A new coarse and fine compound temperature measure and control method is presented for mK-level measure and control accuracy target of 12.5 um IR FPAs. Coarse measurement and control method is used in non-imaging period, and fine measurement and control method with low-drift precision temperature measurement circuit is used to achieve mK-level measure and control accuracy. Temperature drift model of precision temperature measurement circuit is established, and temperature drift contrast is done between traditional temperature measurement circuit and precision temperature measurement circuit. Experiment results show that the measurement precision of compound temperature measure and control method reaches 3mK and control precision reaches 8mK.
Accuracy and precision
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In order to achieve high process efficiency and ideal quality for thermoplastic products, the accuracy of temperature measurement and the response speed of temperature control are critical. A set of on-line measurement and control system for mold cavity temperature was designed and implemented. The system consists of two parts: the temperature measurement and control instrument and the PC monitoring software. The instrument uses each cavity as the monitoring point, and uses the thermocouple to measure the temperature. Through the ADC conversion, the cavity temperature can be obtained, and the temperature can be adjusted in a suitable range by controlling the heating and cooling valves of each cavity. The instrument transmits the measured temperature data and the valve status of each channel to the monitoring software via WiFi. The software draws the temperature curve, stores and judges the temperature data, and issues an alarm if it is not within the threshold range. The system can simultaneously monitor 12 cavities. The measurement temperature is between 0-250 °C, the maximum acquisition speed of the system single channel is 0.02 seconds.
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We describe an automated digital temperature control and measurement system with a temperature resolution of about 1 mK and operating in the temperature range −40° to +70 °C.
Atmospheric temperature range
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This paper presents a method to measure temperature on many channels with thermocouples. This can be useful to create a temperature matrix for recreating a temperature surface. The other usage could be to measure the temperature for many chips on a circuit board. The application is currently capable of measuring temperature in 20 points.
Thermocouple
Matrix (chemical analysis)
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A temperature measure & control method was presented in terms of the mold-temperature-control solidification (MTCS) process and validated by experiments. The applied system collects the temperature data using the data collection module and 8 thermocouples placed in the mold. By comparing the measured data with the set temperature control thresholds, the system signals to switch the heating pipes or electromagnetic valves fixed on the channels. The flow control was implemented by developing the application based on the MCGS configuration software. Two experimental control cases whose cooling start thresholds are 500degC and 400degC respectively were done. The results indicate that in case 1, the simultaneous opening of the side and bottom channels lead to the shrinkage cavities in upper center of the part, and in case 2, the forming quality was promoted because solidification was orderly completed from bottom to top by means of reasonably controlling the opening time of the side channels.
Thermocouple
Shrinkage
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Based on the virtual instrument software LabVIEW,a multi-point precise temperature control system was designed.The accurate temperature measurement and PID temperature control program written by LabVIEW software combined with hardware such as network data acquisition card and solid state relay,it can realize precise temperature measurement and temperature control of the heating device.The temperature measurement accuracy of the B-type thermocouple used in the system can reach 0.1℃.In the high temperature range of 800~1 800℃,the system can stabilize the temperature fluctuation within±0.5℃ for a long time.The star-shaped LAN can expand the designed temperature control system to 4 047 temperature measurement nodes and 2 024 temperature control nodes,becoming a large temperature measurement and t temperature control system.
Thermocouple
Atmospheric temperature range
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Base station equipment is often many very expensive and work together, the more stringent requirements of the work environment, if the temperature exceeds the operating range of the device, ranging from equipment crash not work and causes the damage of equipment caused not reversed, arising from the indirect loss is immeasurable. The base station tend to produce too high a temperature limit is exceeded, the need for real-time measurement and control. The paper show characteristics of temperature measurement based on DS18B20.Once the sign of temperature was detected, data was transmitted to chip microcomputer and show the result in LCD and adjust. In addition, the system was simulated by Protues software and flowtree. The scope is minus55 to 125, though the immeditate temperature detected and compared by the setted temperature, we can alter the current temperature.
Micro computer
Atmospheric temperature range
Base (topology)
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In this paper, a temperature-controlled method that does not use a separate temperature sensor is presented for different MEMS electrical resistance heaters. Instead of using a Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTD) sensor or micro-thermocouple for closed-loop control of the temperature, which will have a finite distance between the heater and sensor and a response delay due to the thermal mass of the substrate on which the sensor resides, we use the change in resistance with temperature of the electrical heating element itself for the control input.
Thermocouple
Microheater
Resistance thermometer
Heating element
Thermal mass
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Magnetic fluid hyperthermia, as a novel cancer treatment, requires precise temperature control at 315 K–319 K (42 °C–46 °C). However, the traditional temperature measurement method cannot obtain the real-time temperature in vivo, resulting in a lack of temperature feedback during the heating process. In this study, the feasibility of temperature measurement and feedback control using magnetic nanoparticles is proposed and demonstrated. This technique could be applied in hyperthermia. Specifically, the triangular-wave temperature measurement method is improved by reconstructing the original magnetization response of magnetic nanoparticles based on a digital phase-sensitive detection algorithm. The standard deviation of the temperature in the magnetic nanoparticle thermometer is about 0.1256 K. In experiments, the temperature fluctuation of the temperature measurement and feedback control system using magnetic nanoparticles is less than 0.5 K at the expected temperature of 315 K. This shows the feasibility of the temperature measurement method for temperature control. The method provides a new solution for temperature measurement and feedback control in hyperthermia.
Thermometer
Feedback Control
Magnetic hyperthermia
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Measuring the dissipated power of fast switching semiconductors or magnetic components with low power factor makes high demands on the accuracy of the measurement equipment. Calorimetric measurement methods represent a possible solution for this problem but are considered as being too time demanding. A compensating temperature control facilitates to reduce the time demand for a single measurement from 240 to 30 minutes. Experimental results demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed measurement method.
Power demand
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