METABOLISM OF DOPAMINE AND L-DOPA IN HUMAN BRAIN
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Caudate nucleus
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Objective To investigate the clinical application value in the diagnosis and scaling of Parkinson's disease (PD) with 99Tc(superscript m)-TRODAT-1 SPFCT dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging. Methods Fifty-eight PD patients (Hoehn & Yahr scale Ⅰ-Ⅳ, UPDRS score 9-108) and 13 volunteers were recruited. The radiation ratios of striatum and its subregions, including the putamen and caudate nucleus, over the cerebellum were calculated by semi-quantity region of interest(ROI) technique. The function differentiation of striatum and putamen or caudate nucleus, between the healthy volunteers and different scaled PD patients were compared, the DAT value between contralareral arid ipsilateral to symptoms or more affected limbs was compared as well. The relationship between the radiation ratios of striatum/cerebellum and UPDRS score was analyzed. Results The DAT level of PD patients scaled Ⅰ-Ⅳ was more lower than that of the healthy volunteers. There exited negative correlation between the radiation ratio and the UPDRS score; the DAT levels of striatum contralateral to the affected limb were lower than those of ipsilateral of PD patients scaled Ⅰ-2.5. For patients scaled Ⅲ-Ⅳ, neither difference was seen between the two sides, nor difference between the two scales. For patients scaled Ⅰ-2.5, the DAT function of putamen and caudate nucleus were both lower than that of healthy volunteer, there also exited difference between putamen and caudate nucleus, more loss of DAT function seen in the putamen nucleus. For patients scaled Ⅲ-Ⅳ, both putamen and caudate nucleus function decreased obviously, while no difference between the two nucleus. Conclusion 99Tc(superscript m)-TRODAT-l SPECT brain imaging is helpful lot the early diagnosis and scaling of PD. The radiation ratio of striatum cerebellum can be used as a semi quantitative standard for the diagnosis and severity evaluation of PD, it is also a valuable complement to the monitoring of PD in addition to Hoehn & Yahr scale and UPDRS score.
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Caudate nucleus
Human brain
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Mapping structural spatial change (i.e., gradients) in the striatum is essential for understanding the function of the basal ganglia in both health and disease. We developed a method to identify and quantify gradients of microstructure in the single human brain in vivo. We found spatial gradients in the putamen and caudate nucleus of the striatum that were robust across individuals, clinical conditions, and datasets. By exploiting multiparametric quantitative MRI, we found distinct, spatially dependent, aging-related alterations in water content and iron concentration. Furthermore, we found cortico-striatal microstructural covariation, showing relations between striatal structural gradients and cortical hierarchy. In Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients, we found abnormal gradients in the putamen, revealing changes in the posterior putamen that explain patients’ dopaminergic loss and motor dysfunction. Our work provides a noninvasive approach for studying the spatially varying, structure-function relationship in the striatum in vivo, in normal aging and PD.
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The purpose of this study was to establish the diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) findings of the caudate nucleus and putamen in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and to obtain new information on the etiopathogenesis of OCD, which is still unclear.
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Abstract The neostriatum of 7 autopsied patients with Huntington's disease (HD) was examined immunohistochemically using purified antibody against calcineurin, which may be present only in the medium‐size spinous neurons of the mammalian striatum. This study revealed a marked loss of calcineurin‐positive cells in the caudate nucleus and the putamen in all HD patients, compared with control subjects, and there was some variation among the HD patients. Four HD patients showed significantly lower density of calcineurin‐positive cells in the caudate nucleus than in the putamen. The remaining calcineurin‐positive cells in the caudate nucleus and the putamen had a mosaic‐like pattern, demonstrating a subregional difference in distribution. This finding suggests that there are subregional as well as compartmental differences in the vulnerability of the calcineurin‐positive cells in the striatum of patients with HD.
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Ventral striatum
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To examine the age, sex, and hemispheric differences in volume of the striatum by MRI in healthy adults.The volumes of the bilateral caudate nucleus and putamen were measured on MR images in 100 healthy right-handed adults (18-70 y).The volume of bilateral caudate nucleus and putamen in healthy adults was (8.42 +/-0.88) cm(3) and (8.90 +/-0.89) cm(3), which were decreased with aging (for caudate nucleus r=-0.727, P<0.001; for putamen r=-0.709, P<0.001). The average annual shrinkage rate was 0.52 % in the caudate nucleus and 0.50 % in the putamen. There were no gender differences in the volume of the striatum, however, the age-related shrinkage of the striatum was more evident in men than that in women. The volume of the left caudate nucleus (t=4.43, P<0.001) and the putamen (t=4.88, P<0.001) was greater than that of its right counterpart.Bilateral age-related shrinkage of the striatum is found in healthy adults, which is more evident in men than that in women. In both sexes, significant leftward asymmetry in volume of the caudate nucleus and the putamen is found.
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