Polymer-Based Membranes for C3+ Hydrocarbon Removal from Natural Gas
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Natural gas can contain significant amounts of impurifies, including CO2, H2S, N2, He, and C3+ hydrocarbons. These C3+ hydrocarbons are valuable chemical feedstocks and can be used as a liquid fuel for power generation. Membrane-based separation technologies have recently emerged as an economically favorable alternative due to reduced capital and operating cost. Polymeric membranes for the separation and removal of C3+ hydrocarbons from natural gas have been practiced in chemical and petrochemical industries. Therefore, these industries can benefit from membranes with improved C3+ hydrocarbon separation. This chapter overviews the different gas processing technologies for C3+ hydrocarbon separation and recovery from natural gas, highlighting the advantages, research and industrial needs, and challenges in developing highly efficient polymer-based membranes. More specifically, this chapter summarizes the removal of C3H8 and C4H10 from CH4 by prospective polymer architectures based on reverse-selective glassy polymers, rubbery polymers, and its hybrid mixed matrix membranes. In addition, the effect of testing conditions and gas compositions on the membrane permeation properties (permeability and selectivity) is reviewed.Keywords:
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On the way to membranes for the separation of industrially important gas pairs, researchers have devised the new ladder polymer PIM-EA-TB, which was found to have remarkable selectivity and permeability for several technically relevant gas pairs. A possible explanation of these observations is given.
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Abstract Polyetherimide (PEI) is an extraordinary type of polyimide with excellent thermal and mechanical properties. The polymer is also gas permeable and is considered one of the best membranes for gas separation. Despite the high selectivity, PEI suffers from low permeability due to the trade‐off between phenomena in polymers. To overcome this limitation, fillers are added during the membrane preparation to create voids for better gas transport. In this paper, permeability and selectivity data of PEI membranes for the separation of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and helium are discussed. The paper also summarizes the reported studies for adding fillers to improve the membrane performance.
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Natural gas can contain significant amounts of impurifies, including CO2, H2S, N2, He, and C3+ hydrocarbons. These C3+ hydrocarbons are valuable chemical feedstocks and can be used as a liquid fuel for power generation. Membrane-based separation technologies have recently emerged as an economically favorable alternative due to reduced capital and operating cost. Polymeric membranes for the separation and removal of C3+ hydrocarbons from natural gas have been practiced in chemical and petrochemical industries. Therefore, these industries can benefit from membranes with improved C3+ hydrocarbon separation. This chapter overviews the different gas processing technologies for C3+ hydrocarbon separation and recovery from natural gas, highlighting the advantages, research and industrial needs, and challenges in developing highly efficient polymer-based membranes. More specifically, this chapter summarizes the removal of C3H8 and C4H10 from CH4 by prospective polymer architectures based on reverse-selective glassy polymers, rubbery polymers, and its hybrid mixed matrix membranes. In addition, the effect of testing conditions and gas compositions on the membrane permeation properties (permeability and selectivity) is reviewed.
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Polymeric membrane
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Gas separation by membrane is nowadays considered to be a proven technology, which has gained an important place in chemical technology and has been used in a broad range of applications. Markets of membrane gas separation systems have grown to become a $ 150 million/year. However, a much larger potential market for membrane gas separation lies in separating gas mixture. These applications require the development of new membranes and processes. For polymer used as gas separations membranes both high permeability and high selectivity are essential to minimize capital and operations cost. Therefore, the relationships between membrane structure and performance have become important studies in the field of membrane based-gas separation. This paper examines the progress in material development as well as methods to prepare membranes for gas separation. Some of the most important theoretical gas transports in polymers are also discussed. In the addition, the recent and future prospects in membrane-based gas separation technology are also discussed.
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This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Polymer Structure and Permeation Behavior Membranes from Glassy Polymers: Physical Aging Membranes from Rubbery Polymers: Enhanced CO2 Selectivity Summary References
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This report provides an overview of a DOE-funded project with Allied-Signal which focused on developing new membrane technology with potential for energy conservation in the petrochemical industry. Three applications were investigated. The first is the use of membrane for the bulk removal of CO/sub 2/ and H/sub 2/S from sour natural gas. The second is membrane technology for separation of polar gases such as H/sub 2/S and NH/sub 3/ from H/sub 2/. The third process involved a novel ultrafiltration approach for the energy-efficient recovery of solvent from solvent/heavy oil mixtures. This report summarizes laboratory data, field test and pilot plant studies, and economic assessments. 43 refs., 33 figs., 8 tabs.
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Polymeric membranes are widely used for gas separation purposes but their performance is restricted by the upper bound trade-off discovered by Robeson in 1991. The polymeric membrane can be glassy, rubbery or a blend of these two polymers. This review paper discusses the properties of glassy polymer membranes and their performance in gas separation. The area of improvement for glassy membrane with development of mixed matrix membrane is also highlighted.
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The method of gas membrane separation is an important technology in the separation of gas pair CO2/CH4.This paper introduces generally the development of the important polymeric materials of gas separation membrane at home and abroad in this field,and recommends specially polyimide(PI) and facilitated transport membranes.Moreover some meaningful improvement of membrane materials is proposed to produce membranes with better performance.
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The rapid expansion of gas separation technology since it was first introduced is promoted by the beneficial selective permeability capability of the polymeric membranes. Up to the currently available information, a large number of studies have reported polymeric membranes permeability and selectivity performances for a different type of gasses. However, trends showed that separation of gases using as per in synthesized polymers had reached a bottlenecks performance limits. Due to this reason, membranes in the form of asymmetric and composite structures is seen as an interesting option of membrane modification to improve the performance and economic value of the membranes alongside with an introduction of new processes to the field. An introduction of new polymers during membrane fabrication leads to a formation of its unique structure depending on the polymers. Thus, structured studies are needed to determine the kinetic behavior of the new addition to membrane structures. This review examines the ongoing progress made in understanding the effects of the different polymers additives to the structural modification and the gas separation performances of the carbon membranes. A reduction of defects consisted of pore holes, and cracks on carbon membranes could be minimized with the right selection of polymer precursor.
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