Mineral biofortification and metal/metalloid accumulation in food crops: recent research and trends (Part I)
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From 2022, feed for organic pigs and poultry must be 100% organic. Alternatives must be found to replace the last 5% in monogastric rations. Diversifications of protein sources can be a good way, and nettle is a promising resource. However, nutritional values vary depending on the growth stage of the nettle. Therefore, it is important to harvest nettle properly to guarantee a good nutritional value of this forage. Digestibility analysis are in progress to better understand nettles role in monogastric rations. The trails shown in the video were realised by a breeder who have made observations on the pigs’ consumption, using dried nettle. For the moment, nettle utilisation is still experimental and more research should be undertaken to provide additional information for the future.
This video is directed at organic farmers but is also useful for all monogastric farmers look or alternative feed sources.
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The 4th International Symposium of Forage Breeding was held at AgriBio, The Centre for AgriBioscience, Melbourne Australia from 23-25 September 2013.More than 100 delegates from around the world attended the symposium which featured sessions on genetic resources and novel species, breeding and managing symbiosis, overcoming abiotic stresses, forage quality and nutritive value, breeding for new environments and production systems, biotic stresses and disease tolerance, economic impact of genetic improvement of forages, new traits and technologies in forage breeding and whole genome selection in forages.* genetic resources and novel species * breeding and managing symbiosis * overcoming abiotic stresses, forage quality and nutritive value * breeding for new environments and production systems * biotic stresses and disease tolerance * economic impact of genetic improvement of forages * new traits and technologies in forage breeding
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Soybean has been grown as an important protein and oil crop for thousands of years. Additionally, it also has a high content of iso-flavonoids, folic acid and saponins, exhibiting various biological activities. It contains several antioxidants, and has anti-diabetic, anti-proliferative, anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory properties. However, soybean also contains various antinutritional factors such as trypsin inhibitor, agglutinin, lectins, phytic acid and tannins, which reduce nutrient utilisation. Attempts have been made to improve the nutritional quality of soybean through conventional breeding, but anticipated outcomes could not be met and these efforts primarily resulted in agronomically undesirable traits. However, the development of cutting-edge tools and technologies including high throughput genotyping, phenotyping, DNA sequencing techniques and genome editing have made great progress in improving the functional and nutritional qualities of soybean.
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This is the second part of the special issue on Mineral Biofortification and Metal/Metalloid Accumulation in Food Crops (Hussain 2022).The agricultural sector is under major challenge to produce high yields and nutritious foods from soils that are suffering fertility decline and metal(loid) contamination (Qin et al. 2021;Silver et al. 2021).A short description of the research articles included in this part of the special issue is given below. Biofortification using fertilisersA key solution to mineral deficiencies in animals and humans is the use of mineral fertilisers for the biofortification of food/fodder crops.In a field study, ZnSO 4 application increased yield, quality and profitability of grass forages (oat, barley, annual ryegrass and triticale) cultivated in calcareous soil (Sher et al. 2022).Other methods of nutrient application, such as seed priming and foliar application, have also been recommended by researchers for the biofortification of food crops.Su et al. (2022) suggested foliar Zn application for increasing grain Zn and decreasing grain phytic acid concentrations in 19 rice cultivars.In another study on rice, seed priming with Zn and K increased seedling growth, whereas foliar Zn application increased grain yield and grain Zn concentration (Yamuangmorn et al. 2022). Ram et al. (2022) reported that integrating foliar Zn with thiamethoxam and propiconazole did not reduce their efficacy for enriching Zn in grains and controlling insect and disease attacks on field-grown wheat.In another study on wheat grown on low-Zn calcareous soils, seed priming with 0.5 M ZnSO 4 improved grain yield (by 63%) and grain Zn concentration (by 43%) compared with non-primed seeds (Rehman et al. 2022).
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Context Iron (Fe) is an essential nutrient; however, it is deficient in the diets of millions of people globally, resulting in anaemia. Agronomic biofortification has been shown to be effective in alleviating Fe deficiency. Aims We evaluated the efficacy of soil and foliar applications of Fe with or without nitrogen (N) on floret and plant yield, and nutritional properties of broccoli (cv. Parthenon), in order to assess biofortification potential. Methods A greenhouse experiment comprised seven treatments: (1) control, no Fe or N application; (2) soil application of Fe (10 mg FeSO4.7H2O/kg before transplanting); (3) soil application of Fe + foliar application of N (0.4% (w/v) calcium ammonium nitrate at floret emergence); (4) foliar application of Fe (0.5% (w/v) FeSO4.7H2O at floret emergence); (5) foliar applications of Fe and N; (6) soil + foliar applications of Fe; (7) soil application of Fe + foliar applications of Fe and N. Key results Foliar Fe application with N and/or with soil Fe significantly increased commercial floret weight relative to the control (>62.5 vs 46 g), whereas treatments without foliar Fe (i.e. soil Fe alone or with N) did not differ from the control. Similarly, treatments with foliar Fe generally significantly increased floret diameter, whereas those without foliar Fe did not. Treatments with foliar Fe significantly increased floret Fe concentration (>10-fold), resulting in highly available Fe, with phytic acid:Fe molar ratios <0.2, and higher antioxidant activity and polyphenol content. Conclusions Foliar application of Fe, especially in combination with N, is the most efficient and effective application method, not only for biofortification purposes but also for productivity and for enhancing bioactive compounds in broccoli. Implications This study opens the door to implementation of effective and economically viable Fe biofortification programs with broccoli and other crops.
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