Effectiveness of Blood Flow Restriction Training on Muscle Strength and Physical Performance in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Noé Labata‐LezaunLuis Llurda-AlmuzaraVanessa González-RuedaCarlos López‐de‐CelisSimón A Cedeño-BermúdezJoan Bañuelos-PagoAlbert Pérez‐Bellmunt
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Blood Flow Restriction
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Blood Flow Restriction
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ABSTRACT The purpose of this research was to perform a systematic review with meta-analysis to compare the effects of resistance training with blood flow restriction (BFR) to the effects of non-training (CON) and traditional RT on strength in elderly people. This was a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs), published in English, from inception to 2022, conducted using MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. The methodological quality was assessed using GRADE protocol. The risk of bias was assessed using RoB2 software. Standardized mean differences (SMD), mean difference, were pooled using a random-effects model. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Eight RCT’s were included. We found no significant differences in the effects between BFR and RT (SMD = -0.18 [-0.56 to 0.19]; p = 0.34; I 2 = 12%). Also, evidence from our research shows that the effect of BFR is better than non-training (CON) for strengthening in older adults (SMD = 0.63 [0.24 to 1.01]; p = 0.001; I 2 = 11%). Our primary findings show that training with BFR may be an alternative methodology of training for the elderly and this training strategy may be interesting for health professionals working with elderly people with low tolerance to high intensity RT.
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Blood Flow Restriction
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Abstract Teixeira, EL, de Salles Painelli, V, Silva-Batista, C, de Souza Barros, T, Longo, AR, Lasevicius, T, Schoenfeld, BJ, Aihara, AY, and de Almeida Peres, B. Blood flow restriction does not attenuate short-term detraining-induced muscle size and strength losses after resistance training with blood flow restriction. J Strength Cond Res 35(8): 2082–2088, 2021—After a short-term resistance training with blood flow restriction (BFR), we investigated the effects of 12 days of detraining (DET), without an exercise stimulus, on quadriceps cross-sectional area (QCSA) and muscle strength (1 repetition maximum [1RM]), with 1 leg receiving daily intermittent BFR during DET vs. the same nonexercise condition without BFR (CON) in the contralateral leg. Both subjects' legs were evaluated for QCSA and 1RM before (PRE) and after (POST) both legs being unilaterally submitted to 3 weeks (4 days per week) of low-load (3 sets of 15 repetitions, 30% 1RM) resistance training with BFR. The DET period started immediately after POST, where each leg was randomly submitted to a daily intermittent BFR protocol or CON, without any associated exercise stimulus. Quadriceps cross-sectional area and 1RM were reassessed after DET. Both legs at CON and BFR conditions increased QCSA (6.3 and 6.8%, respectively; both p < 0.0001) and 1RM (9.5 and 10.1%, respectively; both p < 0.05) from PRE to POST. Both legs at CON and BFR conditions reduced QCSA (−4.6 and 4.9%, respectively; both p < 0.0001) and 1RM (−9.0 and −8.2%, respectively; both p < 0.05) from POST to DET, with no significant differences between conditions ( p > 0.05). We conclude that muscle strength and hypertrophy gains obtained in 3 weeks of resistance training with BFR are not maintained after 12 days of DET. Moreover, the application of BFR, without an associated exercise stimulus, does not attenuate such losses.
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INTRODUCTION: Resistance training is an important component of rehabilitation due to its ability to increase muscular strength and enhance functional ability. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of two different resistance-training programmes currently used in military rehabilitation. METHOD: 27 male rehabilitation patients, serving with the Armed Forces and suffering from a range of lower limb musculoskeletal injuries were divided into two matched groups. Group 1 (n=14) performed the Daily Adjusted Progressive Resistance Exercise (DAPRE), whereas Group 2 (n=13) performed the Functional Strength Training (FST). An 8 repetition maximum (8RM) deadlift and countermovement vertical jump (CMVJ) test were used as Functional Assessment Tests (FATs) and as measures of changes in strength and power, respectively. Both were conducted on admission and at discharge. RESULTS: Lower limb strength and power increased significantly in both the DAPRE (p≤0.001/p≤0.001) and the FST (p≤0.001/0.001) groups. There was no significant difference between groups for either strength (p≥0.05) or power (p≥0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Short-term resistance training during rehabilitation can lead to gains in strength and power despite differences in programme design. However we conclude that three weeks of resistance training is insufficient duration to see significant differences between different training protocols.
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We examined the safety and the effects of low-intensity resistance training (RT) with moderate blood flow restriction (KAATSU RT) on muscle strength and size in patients early after cardiac surgery.Cardiac patients (age 69.6 ± 12.6 years, n = 21, M = 18) were randomly assigned to the control (n = 10) and the KAATSU RT group (n = 11).All patients had received a standard aerobic cardiac rehabilitation program.The KAATSU RT group additionally executed low-intensity leg extension and leg press exercises with moderate blood flow restriction twice a week for 3 months.RT-intensity and volume were increased gradually.We evaluated the anterior mid-thigh thickness (MTH), skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), handgrip strength, knee extensor strength, and walking speed at baseline, 5-7 days after cardiac surgery, and after 3 months.A physician monitored the electrocardiogram, rate of perceived exertion, and the color of the lower limbs during KAATSU RT.Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and D-dimer were measured at baseline and after 3 months.There were no side effects during KAATSU RT.CPK and D-dimer were normal after 3 months.MTH, SMI, walking speed, and knee extensor strength increased after 3 months with KAATSU RT compared with baseline.Relatively low vs. high physical functioning patients tended to increase physical function more after 3 months with KAATSU RT.Low-intensity KAATSU RT as an adjuvant to standard cardiac rehabilitation can safely increase skeletal muscle strength and size in cardiovascular surgery patients.
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This study investigated how low intensity resistance training performed with localised blood flow restriction may cause improvements to muscle strength and size. Results showed that muscle strength is likely increased by whole-body neurological adaptations, and muscle size by cellular growth pathways similar to traditional heavy-load resistance training.
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مقدمه: شیوع اضافهوزن و چاقی و عوارض آن بهسرعت در جهان در حال افزایش است. بنابرین لازم است روشهای نوینی برای پیشگیری و درمان آن ارائه گردد. مطالعه حاضر با هدف مقایسه اثر 6 هفته تمرین مقاومتی با محدودیت جریان خون (کاتسو) با دو شدت متغیر بر درصد چربی، قدرت عضلانی و سطح سرمی آیریزین در زنان دارای اضافهوزن انجام شد. روشکار: این مطالعه نیمه تجربی در سال 1398 بر روی 42 زن دارای اضافهوزن در شهر مشهد انجام شد. افراد بهطور تصادفی در سه گروه تمرینات مقاومتی همراه با محدودیت جریان خون با شدت 30-20% از یک تکرار بیشینه، تمرینات مقاومتی همراه با محدودیت جریان خون با شدت 50-40% و گروه کنترل تقسیم شدند. گروههای تمرین بهمدت 6 هفته، هفتهای 3 جلسه و هر جلسه 60-50 دقیقه به تمرین پرداختند. قبل و بعد از مداخله تمرینی سطوح سرمی آیریزین، قدرت عضلانی و درصد چربی گرفته شد. تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها با استفاده از نرمافزار آماری SPSS (نسخه 23) و آزمون تحلیل کوواریانس (ANCOVA) انجام شد. میزان p کمتر از 05/0 معنیدار در نظر گرفته شد. یافتهها: شش هفته تمرین مقاومتی همراه با کاتسو با دو شدت متفاوت منجر به افزایش معنیدار قدرت در مرحله پسآزمون شد (001/0=p). تغییرات سطح سرمی آیریزین و درصد چربی معنیدار بین دو گروه نبود (05/0p≥). نتیجهگیری: تمرین مقاومتی همراه با کاتسو بدون تغییر در سطح سرمی آیریزین، در شدت 30-20% منجر به کاهش معنیدار درصد چربی شد.
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Blood Flow Restriction
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Background: Evidence on the effectiveness of low-intensity resistance training and blood flow restriction (LRT-BFR) in postmenopausal women is scarce.Objective: to analyze and compare the effects of high-load resistance training (HRT) and LRT-BFR with reduced pressure of blood flow restriction on maximal dynamic force (1RM), cross-sectional area of quadriceps (CSAq) and functional performance in postmenopausal women.Methods: Twenty-four postmenopausal women (63.1±5.2 years) were randomly allocated into three groups: LRT-BFR (n=9); HRT (n=9) and control (CON; n=6).1RM, CSAq, Rising from the floor (RFF), sit and stand up (SSU) and timed up and go test (TUGT) were applied before, after 8, and 16 weeks of resistance training.Results: After 16 weeks, there were significant (p <0.05) and similar changes (p>0.05) for LRT-BFR and HRT for 1RM and CSAq, TUGT and SSU.RFF significantly decreased with LRT-BFR (p<0.001). Conclusions:Both HRT and LRT-BFR improved 1RM, CSAq, and functional performance in postmenopausal women.
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