A SARS-CoV-2 spike ferritin nanoparticle vaccine protects hamsters against Alpha and Beta virus variant challenge
Kathryn McGuckin WuertzErica K. BarkeiWei‐Hung ChenElizabeth J. MartinezInès Lakhal-NaouarLinda L. JagodzinskiDominic Paquin‐ProulxGregory D. GromowskiIsabella SwaffordAkshaya GaneshMing DongXiankun ZengPaul V. ThomasRajeshwer S. SankhalaAgnes HajduczkiCaroline E. PetersonCaitlin KuklisSandrine SomanLindsay WieczorekMichelle ZemilAlexander AndersonJanice M. DardenHeather HernandezHannah GroveVincent DussuptHolly R. HackRafael De La BarreraStasya ZarlingJames F. WoodJeffrey W. FroudeMatthew GagnéAmy R. HenryElham Bayat MokhtariPrakriti MudvariShelly J. KrebsAndrew PekoszJeffrey R. CurrierSwagata KarMaciel PortoAdrienne WinnKamil RadzyminskiMark G. LewisSandhya VasanMehul S. SutharVictoria R. PolonisGary R. MatyasEli BoritzDaniel C. DouekRobert A. SederSharon P. DayeMangala RaoSheila A. PeelMichael JoyceDiane L. BoltonNelson L. MichaelKayvon Modjarrad
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Abstract The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) requires adequate coverage of vaccine protection. We evaluated whether a SARS-CoV-2 spike ferritin nanoparticle vaccine (SpFN), adjuvanted with the Army Liposomal Formulation QS21 (ALFQ), conferred protection against the Alpha (B.1.1.7), and Beta (B.1.351) VOCs in Syrian golden hamsters. SpFN-ALFQ was administered as either single or double-vaccination (0 and 4 week) regimens, using a high (10 μg) or low (0.2 μg) dose. Animals were intranasally challenged at week 11. Binding antibody responses were comparable between high- and low-dose groups. Neutralizing antibody titers were equivalent against WA1, B.1.1.7, and B.1.351 variants following two high dose vaccinations. Dose-dependent SpFN-ALFQ vaccination protected against SARS-CoV-2-induced disease and viral replication following intranasal B.1.1.7 or B.1.351 challenge, as evidenced by reduced weight loss, lung pathology, and lung and nasal turbinate viral burden. These data support the development of SpFN-ALFQ as a broadly protective, next-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.Keywords:
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This study on the dynamic change of chicken antibody after inject IgY aims to provide a guidance for clinical use of yolk antibody.50 highland gray cocks whose maternal antibody attenuated to almost disappear randomly assigned into 2 groups.The experiment group were injected with 2 mL IgY including ND-Ab,AVI-Ab H5 and AVI-Ab H9 while the control group with 2 mL Sodium Chloride.The chicken serum antibody titer was measured by hemagglutination inhibition test at different time.Results: the ND-Ab titer was significantly higher than that of control group in 1-8 day(P0.01),AVI-Ab H5 titer was significantly higher than the control group in 1-11 day(P0.01),and AVI-Ab H9 titer was significantly higher than the control group in 1-14 day(P0.01).The serum antibody titers increased significantly just 1d post injection while the high antibody titers continued 5-6 days and then reduced gradually.The half life period of IgY in the serum was about 5days.It can be concluded that injecting the egg yolk antibody can significantly improve chicken serum antibody titer.
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Hemagglutination assay
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Objective To analyze the distribution and persistence of neutralizing antibody titer against human cytomegalovirus(HCMV) in plasma donors in Sichuan Province,China.Methods A total of 2 002 serum samples of health plasma donors were collected from 8 plasma stations in Sichuan Province and determined for neutralizing antibody titer by developed method,based on which the samples from 44 donors were traced for one year,and those from one donor for 4 years.Results The neutralizing antibody titers against HCMV in plasma donors in Sichuan Province were mainly distributed in 1 ∶ 16 ～ 1 ∶ 64,while the positive rate(not less than 1 ∶ 8) was 98.35%,of which 8.04% were not less than 1 ∶ 192.The neutralizing antibody titers of 44 plasma donors were stable within the past one year.However,the neutralizing antibody titers of the donors traced for 4 years were maintained at high levels.Conclusion The natural infection rate of HCMV was high in plasma donors in Sichuan Province.The HCMV neutralizing antibody titers were high and persistent in partial donors.It provided a basis for preparation of HCMV-specific IgG.
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Cytomegalovirus
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Canine distemper
Morbillivirus
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Abstract The World Health Organization (WHO) has highlighted the importance of an international standard (IS) for SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titer detection, with the aim of calibrating different diagnostic techniques. In this study, IS was applied to calibrate neutralizing antibody titers (IU/mL) and binding antibody titers (BAU/mL) in response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Serum samples were collected from participants receiving the Moderna (n = 20) and Pfizer (n = 20) vaccines at three time points: pre-vaccination, after one dose, and after two doses. We obtained geometric mean titers of 1404.16 and 928.75 IU/mL for neutralizing antibodies after two doses of the Moderna and Pfizer vaccines, respectively. These values provide an important baseline for vaccine development and the implementation of non-inferiority trials. We also compared three commercially available kits from Roche, Abbott, and MeDiPro for the detection of COVID-19 antibodies based on binding affinity to S1 and/or RBD. Our results demonstrated that antibody titers measured by commercial assays are highly correlated with neutralizing antibody titers calibrated by IS.
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Total agglutinin antibody titers, 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) sensitive, and 2-ME resistant antibody titers were determined in 561 White Plymouth Rock chicks. At 38 days of age chicks were intramuscularly injected with .25 ml packed sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and at 66 days of age with .5 ml SRBC. Antibody titers were determined on Days 0, 3, 5, 7, and 10 post-injection. Mean total titer (5.2, log2 value) was highest on Day 7 for the primary response and the secondary response peak titer (7.0) was measured on Day 5. The primary response was characterized by a very low level of 2-ME resistant antibodies. The secondary response consisted of both types of antibody. The heritability estimates indicate that selection for total antibody titer of the primary response can be based on the titer level of Day 5 postinjection (h2s = .39). For the secondary response, Days 3 (h2s = .34) and 5 (h2s = .28) postinjection can be considered. Phenotypic correlations between total antibody titers of first and second injection are not significant on Days 5, 7, and 10 post second injection. The negative relationship between primary and secondary 2-ME sensitive antibody titers in contrast with a positive relationship between primary 2-ME sensitive antibody titers and secondary 2-ME resistant antibody titers explains this result. Additive genetic correlations between total antibody titers of first and second injection tend to be quite negative on Days 5, 7, and 10 post second injection. Selection for an improved prophylactic response, therefore, appears to be not easily achieved either via selection of parameters of the primary immune response or via the secondary response.
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Knowledge of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers induced by tixagevimab–cilgavimab in patients with hematologic diseases remains insufficient. Here, we performed a single-center, prospective study to reveal the changes in antibody titer after administration of tixagevimab–cilgavimab in 78 patients with hematologic diseases. The median peak titer was 155.4 U/mL, and the median AUC was 46556 days·U/mL. First, we compared several characteristics between patients with low titers (peak titer ≤ 155.4 U/mL) and high titers (peak titer > 155.4 U/mL). We extracted 6 factors (patient age, sex, ECOG-PS, serum albumin level, and cross-sectional area and computed tomographic number of the psoas major muscle) as candidates influencing the antibody titers. Multiple regression analysis revealed that antibody titer was closely associated with these 6 factors (contribution rate = 0.76, p = 0.02). Our data support the inability of tixagevimab–cilgavimab to induce sufficient antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2, especially in older, frailer, female patients.
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Human growth hormone
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Many variants of SARS-CoV-2 have emerged, and decreased neutralizing antibodies after vaccination and breakthrough infections have become a problem. The importance of monitoring titers of neutralizing antibodies is getting higher. We enrolled 146 COVID-19 patients, who were thought to be infected with Wuhan-hu-1 or D614G strains, and examined the time course of neutralizing titers against six concerning strains (Wuhan-hu-1, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Kappa, and Delta) using newly developed ELISA. The acquisition of neutralizing titer was positively associated with disease severity. Immune evasions were observed approximately 20 to 30% for Alpha, Kappa, and Delta variant, and 40 to 45% for Beta and Gamma variant. The titers against all strains decreased over time, and interestingly, while titers against Wuhan-hu-1 decreased by 23%, those to Delta variant decreased by 70%. Our simple, cost-effective, and non-hazardous system will be applicable to process numerous samples, such as monitoring titers against prevalent strains after infection or vaccination.
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