Intuitive and subtle motion-anticipatory auditory cues reduce motion sickness in self-driving cars
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Motion sickness may be a factor detrimental to the experience of self-driving cars. This study investigates whether auditory displays can support in lowering passengers' feeling of motion sickness ...Keywords:
Self driving
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Objective To explore methods for early identification of susceptibility of motion sickness in deployed personnel at sea.Methods Motion sickness history questionnaire (MSQ) and seasickness self efficacy scale (SSES) were used to survey the 142 personnel deployed at sea.Forty seven subjects were chosen to have the rotation test and the test results were compared with the actual incidence rate of motion sickness.Results (1) Scores of motion sickness history questionnaire for the motion sickness group were (47.32 ±32.91),which were obviously higher than that (21.73 ± 14.21)for the non-sickness group.(2)Scores of seasickness self-efficacy scalefor the motion sickness group were (6.83 ± 0.83),which were significantly lowerthan that (8.92 ± 2.03) for the non-sickness group(P ＜ 0.01).(3) The incidence of motion sickness induced by the rotation test coincided very well with actual incidence of seasickness during deployment at sea.The accuracy of motion sickness as predicted by the rotation test was 72.72％,while actual incidence of motion sickness during deployment at sea was 68.09％ (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions MSQ,SSES and rotation test seemed to be an effective identification tool for the susceptibility of motion sickness among deployed personnel at sea.
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Motion sickness; Psychological analysis; Rotation test
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Objective. To test the validity of an animal model in selecting anti-motion sickness drugs, and compare the effects of two drugs. Method. Anti-motion sickness effects of two drugs (Cyclizine and Scopolamin-d-amphetamin compound) were observed in rats with motion sickness (MS) induced by rotatory stimulation and the amount of Kaolin ate by rats was taken as an evaluation criterion. Result. The consumption of Kaolin by the rats decreased significantly after administration of both drugs, and the effect of Scopolamin-d-amphetamin compound was better than those of Cyclizine under the same condition. Conclusion. It suggests that the rat model of motion sickness is practical and useful in studying anti-motion sickness drugs.
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Abstract We investigated the role of global (body) and local (parts) motion on the recognition of unfamiliar objects. Participants were trained to categorise moving objects and were then tested on their recognition of static images of these targets using a priming paradigm. Each static target shape was primed by a moving object that comprised either the same body and parts motion; same body, different parts motion; different body, same part motion as the learned target or was non-moving. Only the same body but not the same part motion facilitated shape recognition (Experiment 1), even when either motion was diagnostic of object identity (Experiment 2). When parts motion was more related to the object's body motion then it facilitated the recognition of the static target (Experiment 3). Our results suggest that global and local motions are independently accessed during object recognition and have important implications for how objects are represented in memory. Keywords: Object recognitionObject motionGlobal local motionObject causalityCharacteristic motion Acknowledgements This research was supported by the Marco Polo grant awarded to Dr. Annalisa Setti. We would like to thank Tariq Rahman for programming the animation software and Andy Woods for assistance with DMDX software. We also would like to tank A. O'Toole and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments to a previous version of the manuscript.
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Motion sickness is an ancient problem associated with transportation (ships and other vehicles), which is affecting humans since ages. Motion sickness is characteristically occurring during abnormal movements induced by the motion and when there is a conflict between various senses such as visual, vestibular and motor system. Depending on the type of motion, various kinds of sicknesses, such as air sickness, car sickness, train sickness, seasickness, etc. may occur. A very less per cent of individuals are highly susceptible to motion sickness and very less per cent of individuals are highly insusceptible for motion sickness. However, most of the population comes in between. The primary symptoms of motion sickness include nausea, vomiting, wanes, and cold sweating. Varieties of drugs are available to reduce susceptibility to motion sickness. However, nausea, pallor, sweating, headache, dizziness, malaise, increased salivation, apathy, drowsiness, belching, hyperventilation and stomach awareness are the other symptoms of motion sickness. Anti-cholinergics and anti-histamines are the most effective motion sickness prophylactics with apparent side effects such as dry mouth, drowsiness, and depression. There are theories and mechanisms which include intra-vestibular (Canal-Otolith) mismatch theory, sensory conflict theory, visual-vestibular mismatch theory, the poison theory, the postural instability theory, and the movement program theory. Benzodiazepines, anticholinergics, anti-histamines and monoamine antagonists have commonly used treatment regimes. The traditional way of tackling the problem is the consumption of ginger, peppermint, lemon, fennel, marjoram, rosemary, basil. This review summarizes prediction and evaluation, behavioural strategies to prevent or minimize symptoms of motion sickness and available countermeasures of motion sickness.
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Pica (typography)
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- Motion sickness is not a disorder, but a normal response to a non-normal situation in which movement plays a central role, such as car travel, sailing, flying, or virtual reality.- Almost anyone can suffer from motion sickness, as long as at least one of the organs of balance functions. If neither of the organs of balance functions the individual will not suffer from carsickness, seasickness, airsickness, nor from cybersickness. - 'Cybersickness' is a form of motion sickness that is stimulated by artificial moving images such as in videogames. Because we are now exposed more often and for longer periods of time to increasingly realistic artificial images, doctors will also encounter cases of motion sickness more often. - The basis for motion sickness is the vestibular system, which can be modulated by visual-vestibular conflicts, i.e. when the movements seen by the eyes are not the same as those experienced by the organs of balance.- Antihistamines can be effective against motion sickness in everyday situations such as car travel if taken before departure, but the effectiveness of medication for motion sickness is limited.
Vestibular disorders
Simulator sickness
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Visually induced motion sickness (VIMS) is a specific form of motion sickness caused by dynamic visual content such as Virtual Reality applications. Predicting individual susceptibility to VIMS has proven to be difficult and a reliable method has yet to emerge. Here, we introduce the Visually Induced Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire (VIMSSQ), a modification of the Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire uniquely designed to predict the susceptibility to VIMS specifically. Scores on the VIMSSQ are based on incidences of nausea, headache, fatigue, dizziness, and eyestrain during the past use of visual devices. In this proof-of-concept study, 71 adult participants (34 younger, 37 older) engaged in a simulated driving task and VIMS was measured using the Fast Motion Sickness Scale. Strong correlations with the reported level of VIMS were found for the nausea aspects of the VIMSSQ, suggesting that the VIMSSQ may be a useful tool to estimate individuals’ susceptibility to VIMS.
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Ondansetron is currently being explored as a treatment for motion sickness due to its proven prophylactic effect on post-operative nausea, the nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy, and its lack of side effects. This study sought to compare the effectiveness of placebo, dimenhydrinate, and ondansetron for preventing motion sickness in highly susceptible subjects.A total of 63 subjects with a history of frequent motion sickness and positive report of self-treatment of motion sickness with over-the-counter medications were divided into 3 groups of 20 (3 were disqualified). Depending on their group assignment, subjects were given placebo, dimenhydrinate, or ondansetron 1 h before being rotated at 20 rpm while making head movements. Symptoms of motion sickness and electrogastrogram (EGG) data were collected prior to and during rotation.There were no differences between the groups in number of head movements tolerated, time rotating, or symptom questionnaire scores. All groups showed a marginally significant decrease in normal 3 cycle per minute activity [F (1.45) = 3.04, p = 0.088] and a significant increase in gastric tachyarrhythmia [F (1,45) = 9.71, p = 0.003], a pattern typically associated with motion sickness development.Neither ondansetron or dimenhydrinate prevented motion sickness in groups of highly susceptible people. Continued development of new treatments is necessary.
Ondansetron
Electrogastrogram
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