Chemical interplay and complementary adaptative strategies toggle bacterial antagonism and co-existence
Carlos Molina‐SantiagoDavid Vela‐CorcíaDaniel PetrasLuis Díaz‐MartínezAlicia Isabel Pérez‐LorenteSara Sopeña‐TorresJ. R. A. PearsonAndrés Mauricio Caraballo‐RodríguezPieter C. DorresteinAntonio de VicenteDiego Romero
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Bacterial communities are in a continuous adaptive and evolutionary race for survival. In this work we expand our knowledge on the chemical interplay and specific mutations that modulate the transition from antagonism to co-existence between two plant-beneficial bacteria, Pseudomonas chlororaphis PCL1606 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42. We reveal that the bacteriostatic activity of bacillaene produced by Bacillus relies on an interaction with the protein elongation factor FusA of P. chlororaphis and how mutations in this protein lead to tolerance to bacillaene and other protein translation inhibitors. Additionally, we describe how the unspecific tolerance of B. amyloliquefaciens to antimicrobials associated with mutations in the glycerol kinase GlpK is provoked by a decrease of Bacillus cell membrane permeability, among other pleiotropic responses. We conclude that nutrient specialization and mutations in basic biological functions are bacterial adaptive dynamics that lead to the coexistence of two primary competitive bacterial species rather than their mutual eradication.Keywords:
Pseudomonas chlororaphis
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
Glycerol kinase
Elongation factor
Multidrug tolerance
Bacillus (shape)
Pseudomonas chlororaphis HT66, a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium that produces phenazine-1-carboxamide with high yield, was compared with three genomic sequenced P. chlororaphis strains, GP72, 30-84 and O6. The genome sizes of four strains vary from 6.66 to 7.30 Mb. Comparisons of predicted coding sequences indicated 4833 conserved genes in 5869-6455 protein-encoding genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the four strains are closely related to each other. Its competitive colonization indicates that P. chlororaphis can adapt well to its environment. No virulence or virulence-related factor was found in P. chlororaphis. All of the four strains could synthesize antimicrobial metabolites including different phenazines and insecticidal protein FitD. Some genes related to the regulation of phenazine biosynthesis were detected among the four strains. It was shown that P. chlororaphis is a safe PGPR in agricultural application and could also be used to produce some phenazine antibiotics with high-yield.
Pseudomonas chlororaphis
Phenazine
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Bacterial communities are in a continuous adaptive and evolutionary race for survival. In this work we expand our knowledge on the chemical interplay and specific mutations that modulate the transition from antagonism to co-existence between two plant-beneficial bacteria, Pseudomonas chlororaphis PCL1606 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42. We reveal that the bacteriostatic activity of bacillaene produced by Bacillus relies on an interaction with the protein elongation factor FusA of P. chlororaphis and how mutations in this protein lead to tolerance to bacillaene and other protein translation inhibitors. Additionally, we describe how the unspecific tolerance of B. amyloliquefaciens to antimicrobials associated with mutations in the glycerol kinase GlpK is provoked by a decrease of Bacillus cell membrane permeability, among other pleiotropic responses. We conclude that nutrient specialization and mutations in basic biological functions are bacterial adaptive dynamics that lead to the coexistence of two primary competitive bacterial species rather than their mutual eradication.
Pseudomonas chlororaphis
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
Glycerol kinase
Elongation factor
Multidrug tolerance
Bacillus (shape)
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진주산업대학교 농장에서 사육되고 있는 말에서 채취한 분변으로부터 mannanase 생성능이 우수한 균주를 분리하였으며 이를 CS47이라 명명하였다. 통성혐기성인 분리균 CS47의 최적 생육온도는 $38^{\circ}C$ 였으며 $20^{\circ}C$ 에서부터 $50^{\circ}C$ 까지 다양한 온도범위에서도 생육이 가능한 것으로 확인되었다. BIOLOG를 이용하여 분리균 CS47의 생화학적 특징을 분석한 결과, 분리균은 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 균주와 유사한 특성을 나타내었으며 DNA G+C함량 (44mol%)도 B. amyloliquefaciens 균주의 범위(43.5-44.9)에 속하였다. 16S rDNA 염기서열을 분석한 결과에서도 분리균은 B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42 균주와 가장 높은 상동성을 나타내었으며 Bacillus속의 다른 균주들과는 93-98%의 상동성을 나타내었다. 그러나 분리균의 세포벽을 이루고 있는 주요 지방산[anteiso-15:0 (39.6%), 17:0 (7.6%), iso-15:0(37.8%)]은 Bacillus subtilis 균주와 유사한 특성을 나타내었다. 최종적으로 생화학적 특성과 16S rDNA 염기서열분석 결과를 근거로 하여 분리균 CS47은 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CS47로 동정되었다. B. amyloliquefaciens CS47 균주가 분비하는 mannanase는 $50^{\circ}C$ , pH 6.0에서 가장 높은 활성을 보였다. The mannanase-producing bacteria, designated CS47, was isolated from the fresh feces of three horses (from a farm in Jinju National University). The isolate CS47 was facultatively anaerobic and grew at temperatures ranging from $20^{\circ}C$ to $50^{\circ}C$ with an optimal temperature of $38^{\circ}C$ . The DNA G+C content of the isolate CS47 was 44 mlo%. The major fatty acids were anteiso-15:0 (39.6%), 17:0 (7.6%), and iso-15:0 (37.8%). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the isolate CS47 and other Bacillus strains varied from 93% to 98%. In the phylogenetic analysis based on these sequences, the isolate CS47 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens clustered within a group and separated from other species of Bacillus. Based on the physiological and molecular properties, the isolate CS47 was classified within the genus Bacillus as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CS47. The optimal pH and temperature for mannanase activity of B. amyloliquefaciens CS47 were pH 6.0 and $50^{\circ}C$ , respectively. The thermal stability of mannanase from B. amyloliquefaciens CS47 is valuable when using this enzyme in industrial application.
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Pseudomonas chlororaphis
Glycerol kinase
Metabolic Engineering
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Pseudomonas chlororaphis
Phenazine
Homoserine
Autoinducer
Chromobacterium violaceum
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Bacillus amyloliquefaciens produces a variety of antimicrobial substances in its growth process,and has a broad ability to inhibit the fungi and bacteria.There are more and more researches and explores about Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in recent years.The physiology and biochemistry properties,antimicrobial substances of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and the application of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as a probiotic are summarized.
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Abstract Bacterial communities are in a continuous adaptive and evolutionary race for survival. A myriad of molecules that kill, defend, or mediate communication between bacterial cells of different lineages shape the final structure of the microbial community. In this work we expand our knowledge on the chemical interplay and specific mutations that modulate the transition from antagonism to co-existence between two plant-beneficial bacteria, Pseudomonas chlororaphis PCL1606 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42. We reveal that the bacteriostatic activity of bacillaene produced by Bacillus relies on an interaction with the protein elongation factor FusA and how mutations in this protein lead to tolerance to bacillaene and other protein translation inhibitors. Additionally, we describe how the unspecific tolerance to antimicrobials associated with mutations in the glycerol kinase GlpK is provoked mainly by a decrease of Bacillus cell membrane permeability among other pleiotropic cellular responses. We conclude that nutrient specialization and mutations in basic biological functions are bacterial evolutive and adaptive strategies that lead to the coexistence of two primary competitive bacterial species rather than their mutual eradication.
Pseudomonas chlororaphis
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
Glycerol kinase
Elongation factor
Multidrug tolerance
Bacillus (shape)
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Проведена оценка факторов патогенности(токсичности) и аллергенности штамма Bacillus amyloliquefaciens МВ40, перспективного в борьбе с бактериальным ожогом. Установлено, что штамм бактерии Bacillus amyloliquefaciens МВ40 не является патогенным, относится к 4-му классу опасности, и может быть использован в качестве основы для создания биопрепарата против бактериального ожога плодовых культур.
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Pseudomonas chlororaphis
Root rot
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Bacillus amyloliquefaciens has been researched and explored more and more widely with the abilities to inhibit fungi and bacteria,thereby it has high research values and potential for development,which was widely used in industries of preservation.The article was summarized on the isolation and identification,applications and extraction of functional components of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in recent years.
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